Tribological and Corrosion Behavior of Vacuum Plasma Sprayed Ti-Zr-Ni Quasicrystalline Coatings

This investigation deals with a study of the friction, wear, and corrosion behavior of vacuum plasma sprayed quasicrystalline (QC) Ti_41.5Zr_41.5Ni₁₇ coatings. During pin on disc experiments, a change in the mode of wear has been found to occur with corresponding changes in normal load and sliding velocity. The low thermal conductivity of quasicrystals and its brittleness play a vital role in determining the friction and wear behavior of such materials. When these coatings are subjected to rubbing for a longer period of time, wear occurs by subsurface crack propagation, and subsequent delamination within the coated layer. By comparing the QC to its polycrystalline counterpart during potentiodynamic measurements according to ASTM G 31, higher currents were found over the whole range of potentials for QC when immersed in 1 M HCl solution. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

等离子喷涂WC-Co涂层的微观组织及硬度

以普通低碳钢Q235A为基体，钴基碳化钨陶瓷粉末WC-12Co为热喷涂材料，采用低功率（5．2kW～9．1kW）内送粉等离子喷涂方法，在保持等离子弧电流恒定的情况下，通过改变弧电压来制备不同功率下的WC-Co陶瓷涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪对涂层的显微组织和相结构进行观察与分析，并使用MH-6维氏硬度仪测量涂层的显微硬度HV，研究喷涂条件对形成的WC-Co陶瓷涂层微观组织、相组成和硬度的影响规律。结果表明：原始喷涂粉末的XRD图谱中仅能观察到主相WC和极少量的金属Co，而低功率等离子喷涂WC-Co陶瓷涂层中则除了WC相以外，还含有W2C，Co3W3C，Co3W9C4等其它相，并且随着等离子喷涂功率的增加，WC衍射峰强度降低，而包括W2C在内的其它相衍射峰强度升高。等离子喷涂WC-Co涂层微观组织为大量硬质相（WC，W2C，CO3W3C或Co3w9C4）颗粒弥散分布于较软的富Co粘结剂之中。保持等离子弧电流130A不变，涂层显微硬度随弧电压升高呈现先下降后上升的变化规律，并且电压70v时涂层具有最高的显微硬度。     

等离子喷涂PZT涂层的制备与性能分析

用等离子喷涂方法在45号钢基体表面制备了锆钛酸铅(PZT)陶瓷涂层,并用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜（TEM）、纳米压痕测量仪和d33准静态测量仪等检测手段对涂层的微观形貌、成分、纳米硬度、弹性模量和压电常数等各项性能进行分析,并测量涂层的介电温谱。结果表明：等离子喷涂制备的PZT陶瓷涂层具有典型的层状结构,结构致密,孔隙率为1.96%;纳米硬度和弹性模量平均值分别为5.881 GPa和113.413 GPa;压电常数达到了74 pC/N,并且由介电常数与温度关系图可推知PZT的居里温度约为370 ℃。制备的PZT涂层性能良好,使其在实际工况中的使用成为可能。     

热处理对冷喷涂Fe涂层组织与性能影响研究

冷喷涂作为一种新型的涂层技术,在制备大部分金属涂层、金属陶瓷复合涂层方面有着巨大的潜力。本文采用冷喷涂在Al基体上制备了Fe涂层,并结合喷涂后热处理研究了涂层组织与性能特点。结果表明,所得Fe涂层的内部组织比较致密;受到喷涂过程中空气的影响,喷涂射流呈现亮流,所制备涂层表面有较大、较深气孔。在较低温度下热处理后Fe涂层的显微组织变化不明显,显微硬度明显降低;Fe涂层与Al基体之间形成约10μm厚度的金属间化合物层。     

大气与真空等离子体喷涂钨涂层的比较

利用等离子体喷涂技术在铜合金基体上制备1mm的钨涂层,并对大气和真空等离子体喷涂钨涂层性能进行比较。结果表明,真空喷涂钨涂层气孔率低、传热能力高、杂质含量低、结合强度高,热负荷性能好。与大气等离子体喷涂钨涂层相比,真空喷涂技术更适合应用到核聚变实验装置内壁上。     

超音速等离子喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的结构及冲蚀磨损机理

目的改善流体机械部件的耐冲蚀磨损性能。方法采用超音速等离子喷涂(Supersonic Plasma Spraying)系统制备NiCr-Cr_3C_2涂层,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了喷涂粉末和涂层的物相结构。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及配套的能谱分析仪(EDS)观察和分析了涂层的微观形貌及化学成分。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)从超微观角度分析了涂层的晶粒结构。采用Image J2x孔隙率计算软件测定了涂层的孔隙率。采用显微硬度仪、纳米压痕仪及万能拉伸试验机分别测定了涂层的显微硬度、弹性模量和结合强度。采用动载磨料试验机进行了冲蚀试验,冲蚀角度为90°,砂浆比为5:8,冲蚀时间为3 h。结果获得的超音速等离子喷涂Ni Cr-Cr_3C_2涂层主要含有NiCr、Cr_3C_2、Cr_7C_3等物相,至少含有单晶、纳米晶、过渡区三个区域。涂层的显微硬度值为911HV0.3,约为基体的3倍,孔隙率为1.4%,结合强度为66 MPa,弹性模量为215.3 GPa。在90°攻角下,涂层的冲蚀磨损失效以疲劳剥落磨损为主。结论用超音速等离子喷涂系统在基体表面制备的Ni Cr-Cr_3C_2涂层具有较好的耐冲蚀磨损性能。     

不同界面对等离子喷涂钨结合强度的影响

在无氧铜的基体上制备了等离子喷涂钨基涂层以应用于核聚变反应堆中偏滤器部件的面向等离子体材料。比较了不同过渡层对等离子喷涂钨基涂层结合强度的影响。采用扫描电镜和能谱分析仪对涂层的微观形貌和组成进行了观察和分析。发现在涂层中和铜结合的界面比较疏松，而和钨结合的界面则较为致密。拉伸试验结果表明，和其他样品相比，室温下没有过渡层的钨涂层界面表现出较高的结合强度。     

等离子喷涂制备纳米结构涂层研究进展

等离子喷涂制备的纳米结构涂层在耐热、耐磨、耐蚀、生物相容性等方面比传统微米级涂层具有更优良的性能,从而在军事以及民用工业等领域得到了广泛应用。本文介绍了纳米结构喂料的制备方法,评述了等离子喷涂制备纳米涂层的研究进展,并对等离子喷涂纳米结构涂层的研究和发展进行展望。     

大气等离子喷涂制备Fe基非晶涂层及微观结构表征

选用Fe-10W-4Cr-3Ni-2Mo-4B-4Si-1C(质量比)合金粉末作为喷涂原料,采用大气等离子喷涂工艺在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢基底上制备了Fe基涂层。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射仪表征了粉末和涂层的相组成和微观形貌;用Olycia m3分析软件对涂层的孔隙率进行测定;用热分析系统对喷涂粉末和涂层从室温到1 173K范围的DSC曲线进行记录;同时,测定了涂层的显微硬度和结合强度。结果表明:大气等离子喷涂制备的Fe基涂层与基底的结合良好,涂层较为致密并且存在灰色氧化带组织,表现出典型的层状组织结构;涂层不但具有低的表面粗糙度和孔隙率,而且具有高的显微硬度和结合强度;所制备涂层中的非晶含量约为89.2%(质量分数),涂层中形成的晶相组织为纳米晶结构。     

激光重熔低压等离子喷涂MoB/CoCr梯度涂层组织与性能研究

采用低压等离子喷涂技术在310S不锈钢表面制备MoB/CoCr梯度涂层,然后对MoB/CoCr涂层进行激光重熔处理,对重熔后涂层的组织结构及性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,激光重熔后,涂层表面平整致密,截面的显微组织呈树枝晶—胞状晶—平面晶过渡;激光重熔过程中,微熔的310S基体元素与熔化的涂层元素发生对流扩散现象,涂层中出现Fe元素成分;激光重熔后,MoB/CoCr层的硬度明显提高。     

Effect of Oxidation Behavior on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Plasma Sprayed Tungsten Coatings

Tungsten (W) coatings have been prepared via air (APS) and vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) technologies, respectively. The microstructures and chemical compositions of the coatings were comparatively studied; meanwhile, the mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated. The results obtained showed that oxide content in the VPS-W coating was apparently lower than that of the APS-W coating because of the different surrounding atmosphere, which influenced the mechanical and thermal properties of the coatings directly. Similar microstructures were observed for the VPS-W and the APS-W coating, but the VPS-W coating was much denser. The bonding strength of the VPS-W coating was much higher than that of the APS-W coating. Thermal conductivity of the VPS-W coating was 59.3 W/m · K at room temperature while the APS-W coating was 32.2 W/m  K. Thermal loading experiments of electron beam showed that the VPS-W coating could withstand the heat load of 10.75 MW/m², while the APS-W coating formed serious cracks on its surface at the load of 7.5 MW/m².     

不同结构等离子喷涂热障涂层的性能研究

通过等离子喷涂,制备了常规层状结构、垂直裂纹结构的氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆(YSZ)和铈酸镧(LCO)热障涂层,分析了涂层的微观形貌及性能。结果表明:对于YSZ涂层,垂直裂纹结构的结合强度是层状结构的1.8倍;LCO涂层的微观结构对喷涂工艺比较敏感,适当降低喷涂功率有助于提高扁平化粒子间的结合,缓解涂层中横向裂纹的产生,促进垂直裂纹形成;与层状结构的LCO/YSZ双层涂层相比,垂直裂纹结构的LCO/YSZ双层涂层的结合强度和抗热震性能未明显提高。     

高热负荷作用下钨的热疲劳损伤研究

利用实验室自主搭建的电子束热疲劳测试系统,研究了再结晶态钨在功率为141.5 MW/m~2,不同循环次数下热疲劳损伤性能的变化规律。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测了损伤后表面形貌的变化,采用原子力显微镜(AFM)观测了损伤表面的三维形貌的变化,同时也测出损伤表面粗糙度。采用显微硬度计测试了热疲劳损伤后晶粒表面显微硬度的变化。结果表明:随循环次数的增加,钨热疲劳损伤加剧,当循环1000次时,钨表面已经有熔融的形貌出现;测得损伤表面的粗糙度随循环次数呈近似线性变化;损伤之后的显微硬度先升高后降低,主要是由于存在疲劳硬化的现象。     

W-TiC合金面对等离子体材料及其电子束热负荷实验研究

利用机械合金化方法制备各种W-TiC合金,并通过主要物理性能测试发现:TiC的引入能有效强化晶界,提高合金材料的力学性能,特别是W-1%TiC(质量分数,下同)合金,其相对密度、抗弯强度、维氏显微硬度和杨氏模量分别为98.4%、1065MPa、4.33和396GPa。同时电子束热负荷实验发现:在低于合金再结晶温度时,TiC能有效增强合金热负荷承受能力;然而较高的晶粒应变能导致合金材料在再结晶温度以上使用时,热负荷性能增强效果不明显。这些结果显示,约1%TiC弥散增强钨合金是较合适的托卡马克高热负荷面对等离子体材料。     

Microstructure Control of Thermally Sprayed Co-Based Self-Fluxing Alloy Coatings by Diffusion Treatment

This article describes microstructure control aimed for wear-resistance improvement of Co-based (Co-Cr-W-B-Si) self-fluxing alloy coating by diffusion treatment. The diffusion treatments of thermally sprayed Co-based self-fluxing alloy coating on steel substrate were carried out at 1370-1450 K for 600-6000 s under an Ar gas atmosphere. Microstructural variations of the coating and the interface between the substrate and the coating were investigated in detail. A proper diffusion treatment precipitates two kinds of fine compounds in Co-based matrix. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) analysis revealed these precipitates to be a chromium boride dissolving cobalt and a tungsten boride containing cobalt and chromium. The size of each precipitate became larger with increasing treatment temperature and time. A coating with the proper size borides showed a superior wear-resistance. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

超音速等离子喷涂制备WC-12Co涂层的性能特点

超音速等离子喷涂由于喷射粒子的飞行速度(400～500m/s)相对于普通等离子喷涂(＜200m/s)有了大幅提高,所制备的WC-12Co涂层具有更高的显微硬度和结合强度.用SEM和XRD分析了两种不同等离子喷涂工艺获得的涂层的相结构和显微组织,结果表明超音速等离子喷涂WC-12Co涂层综合性能要优于普通等离子喷涂.     

等离子喷涂Al2O3与ZrO2复合热障涂层的高温性能

采用等离子喷涂(PS)方法，在GH536高温合金基材上制备了传统的双层热障涂层(TBCs)和2种含有Al2O3与ZrO2陶瓷复合层的3层热障涂层。传统TBC8结构为Ni22Cr10AlY合金连接层和8％Y2O3部分稳定的ZrO2(8YPSZ)陶瓷顶层；3层TBCs中分别采用置于8YPSZ陶瓷层内层及外层的Al2O3与8YPSZ复合层。3种类型试样的100h。1050℃静态氧化试验及1050℃热震试验结果表明：3层涂层较双层涂层的氧化阻力提高，双层涂层的热震阻力最佳，氧化阻力最差。不同复合层形式试样的热振失效方式和寿命也有差别，复合层置于陶瓷层外层热震寿命略高，但100h氧化增重有明显提高，抗氧化性降低。     

钨涂层面对等离子体材料损伤演变行为研究

利用等离子体喷涂技术制备了钨涂层面对等离子体材料,并对涂层基本性能进行了表征,主要包括气孔率,相对密度,结合强度,热导率,硬度分布,进而研究主动水冷钨涂层在热负荷服役条件下损伤演变行为。研究发现,直接水冷钨涂层内部层与层之间的开裂、分层是涂层失效的原因,损伤演变过程为柱状晶体再结晶并长大、层间微裂纹出现、裂纹扩展和气孔出现、最后材料分层、失效。间接水冷钨材料的热负荷性能受到很大限制,且疲劳性能降低,失效形式是涂层开裂或脱落,甚至铜基体整体熔化。     

An Investigation on the Microstructure of Multi-phase Composite Coatings Synthesized by Plasma Spraying Self-reaction Composite Powders

SELF-propagating high-temperature synthesis orcombustion synthesis(denoted as SHS)is referred to asuse of high exothermic reaction to prepare materials,itcan produce high melting point compounds,and is afairly simple technology[1-2].But,it is difficult tocontrol the reaction of SHS because the process of SHSis very fast.The density of materials made by SHS isvery lowj^4>5].Moreover,it is noticeable thatcoatings on the surface of the axle or plane cannot beproduced by SHS.For plasma spr…     

大气等离子喷涂热障涂层CMAS防护层成分及厚度优化

目的优化热障涂层(TBCs)CMAS(CaO-MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2)阻抗层的成分和厚度,使其能有效阻抗CMAS沉积物的腐蚀,并同时与热障涂层有较高的结合力。方法首先利用多孔无压烧结陶瓷块体研究了不同含量Al_2O_3和8YSZ(8wt.%氧化钇稳定氧化锆)均匀混合后在高温(1250℃)条件下对CMAS沉积物的防护作用。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)以及X射线衍射(XRD)仪,分析研究了CMAS腐蚀层的显微结构、腐蚀深度及反应产物。其次,基于最优成分,利用大气等离子喷涂(APS)制备了具有8YSZ/Al_2O_3陶瓷层的热障涂层。对CMAS腐蚀厚度进行分析测量,提出CMAS阻抗层的厚度。结果 Al_2O_3的添加可以有效地阻碍CMAS的渗入,并且Al_2O_3含量越多,防护效果越好。但是CMAS的渗入深度和氧化铝的添加量呈非线性关系。结合TBC陶瓷层的热学性能和力学性能的要求,本实验中最佳的TBCs复合陶瓷层组分为70wt%8YSZ+30wt%Al_2O_3。基于实验结果,提出YSZ/Al_2O_3复合陶瓷层(50μm)-YSZ陶瓷层(150μm)的双层TBC陶瓷层结构,并综合计算出复合陶瓷层的热膨胀系数为9.93×10-6℃-1以及双层TBC陶瓷层的热导率为2.4 W/(m·K)。最后对Al_2O_3减缓CMAS腐蚀的机理进行了量化分析。结论 YSZ/Al_2O_3复合阻抗层的最优成分为70wt%8YSZ+30wt%Al_2O_3,厚度为50μm,能有效阻碍高温下CMAS腐蚀。