水产品中生物胺的检测技术研究进展

生物胺是一类具有生物活性的含氮、低分子质量有机化合物的总称,普遍存在于水产品等蛋白质和氨基酸含量较高的食品中,与腐败微生物密切相关,水产品在长时间的贮存和售卖过程中容易受到微生物的作用而腐败变质,产生超标的、对人体有害的组胺等生物胺,因此,生物胺的检测技术十分必要。本文详细综述国内外测定水产品中生物胺的前处理方法、检测方法及其优缺点,并展望了生物胺检测技术的发展前景,为水产品中生物胺的检测提供技术基础和方法学依据。     

水产品生物胺检测技术的研究进展

生物胺是低分子量含氮有机化合物,广泛存在于蛋白质丰富的食品中。摄入过量的生物胺会对人体产生危害,且生物胺含量与水产品质量具有一定的正相关性。该文对近年来水产品生物胺的检测技术进行了综述,重点介绍了高效液相色谱、毛细管电泳、薄层色谱和电化学生物传感器等在水产品生物胺检测中的应用。     

水产品生物胺检测技术研究进展

水产品富含蛋白质等营养物质，在加工或贮存过程中易受到微生物的污染而发生腐败变质，研究发现这一过程往往伴随着大量生物胺的产生。进一步研究表明人体摄入过量的生物胺会引发食物中毒，因此有效的水产品生物胺含量检测方法对于保障水产品食用安全具有重要意义。鉴于此，本文对生物胺的形成机制、毒性和限量标准进行了总结，并深入讨论了目前常见的生物胺间接和直接检测方法，以期为建立更加精准、高效的生物胺检测和防控体系提供一定的支撑。     

食品中生物胺及其检测方法研究进展

生物胺在食品中广泛存在,特别是富含氨基酸的肉类、水产品和发酵制品,当含量较高时将对机体产生一定的有害影响.对食品中生物胺的来源、种类、作用和危害作了简要介绍,并对生物胺检测技术最新进展进行总结.     

浅谈食品中生物胺的检测方法

生物胺是一种低分子量的有机物,主要是通过氨基酸的脱羧作用生成。他广泛存在于发酵香肠、泡菜、干酪、酸奶等发酵食品中,人体摄入过量的生物胺会引起过敏反应,严重的还会危及生命。另外,食品中生物胺含量与食品质量具有一定的相关性。通过对近年来食品生物胺的检测方法进行了综述,重点介绍了高效液相色谱、毛细管电泳和薄层色谱等方法的特点及其在食品生物胺测定中的应用。     

咖啡中生物胺含量测定方法研究进展

生物胺是低分子量有机碱,存在于蛋白质丰富的食品尤其是发酵食品中。测定食品中的生物胺方法较多,每种方法都有自己优点和缺点。主要介绍了咖啡中生物胺测定的三种方法:反相高效液相色谱法、离子色谱法和薄层色谱法。重点介绍了三种方法的特点及其在咖啡中的生物胺测定中的应用,并总结了在各种类咖啡生豆、烘焙咖啡中的生物胺含量检测方法与技术,给出了咖啡中的生物胺含量检测结果。     

浅谈食品中生物胺的检测方法

生物胺是一种低分子量的有机物，主要是通过氨基酸的脱羧作用生成。他广泛存在于发酵香肠、泡菜、干酪、酸奶等发酵食品中，人体摄入过量的生物胺会引起过敏反应，严重的还会危及生命。另外，食品中生物胺含量与食品质量具有一定的相关性。通过对近年来食品生物胺的检测方法进行了综述，重点介绍了高效液相色谱、毛细管电泳和薄层色谱等方法的特点及其在食品生物胺测定中的应用。     

食品中的生物胺及其检测方法

生物胺普遍存在于生物体中,有重要的生理功能.许多天然食品中都含有生物胺.摄入大量生物胺会引起身体不适,严重的还可能危及生命.引起食物中毒的生物胺主要包括组胺和酪胺.此外,存在大量微生物的食品中,生物胺的含量较高,同类食品中生物胺的种类和含量又有很大的变化,这一现象受许多因素影响,如微生物的种类和数量、温度、pH值等.生物胺含量还与食品的腐败变质有关,是食品品质的指示器,因此对于生物胺的检测受到重视.目前检测食品中生物胺含量的方法主要有薄层色谱、气相色谱、毛细管电泳和高效液相色谱.     

饮料酒中生物胺的检测方法

生物胺是一类低分子量的、广泛地存在于食品中的、具有生物活性的有机化合物,含量在一定范围内时是对人体有益的生物活性物质,若超过其限值将会给人体带来严重的影响,因此,有效地检测食品中的生物胺对保护人们的健康尤为重要。饮料酒中生物胺主要来自于发酵过程,因此国内外生物胺的检测多集中于啤酒、葡萄酒、黄酒等发酵酒。随着现代检测分析技术的发展,低检出限、高灵敏度、高准确度的检测方法不断涌现,实现了从过去常量组分检测到现在的痕量乃至超痕量组分检测的跨越。本文综述了啤酒、葡萄酒、黄酒中生物胺的检测方法 ,以期为今后生物胺的检测提供便利。     

生物胺前处理技术及分析方法研究进展

生物胺(biogenic amine,BA)作为一种具有生物活性、含氨基的低分子量化合物,主要由氨基酸进行脱氨基作用而产生。该类物质广泛存在于天然及加工后的食品中,适量摄入生物胺能够对机体的生理功能产生积极作用,但一旦摄入过量会导致不适,严重时甚至会危及生命。因此,建立灵敏、快速、高通量的生物胺前处理和检测方法与人体健康息息相关。目前,常用于样品中生物胺检测的前处理技术包括液液萃取、固相萃取和基质辅助固相分散萃取等,常用的检测方法有液相色谱-质谱法、液相色谱法、气相色谱法、薄层色谱法、毛细管电泳法和生物传感器法等。本文对生物胺的种类与生理作用、前处理方法与检测方法的最新进展进行了综述,以期能够为食品及生物制品中生物胺含量的检测提供参考。     

Formation,Degradation, and Detoxification of Putrescine by Foodborne Bacteria: A Review

Biogenic amines (BAs) represent a considerable toxicological risk in some food products. Putrescine is one of the most common BAs in food. Its increased occurrence in food may lead to alimentary poisoning, due to enhancement of the toxic effects of other BAs, and also to lower quality of food, this amine is potentially carcinogenic. Increased occurrence of putrescine in food is mainly due to the bacterial metabolism of the Gram‐negative as well as Gram‐positive bacteria present. The bacterial metabolism of putrescine is very specific due to its complexity (in comparison with the metabolism of other BAs). There are 3 distinct known pathways leading toward the formation of putrescine, in some splices involving up to 6 different enzymes. The existence of more metabolic pathways and the possibility of their simultaneous use by different bacteria complicate the specification of the best conditions for food production and storage, which could lead to a lower content of putrescine. This review provides a summary of the existing knowledge about putrescine production and detection (mainly detection of specific genes for different enzymes using polymerase chain reaction) in both starter and contaminating microorganisms. Thus, this comprehensive review gives a useful overview for further research.     

葡萄酒中生物性来源有害产物的研究进展

为了考察桦褐孔菌多酚的抑菌活性,进行测定抑菌谱、抑菌影响因素、细胞电导率、细胞渗漏、扫描电镜（SEM）等试验分析,探究pH、温度、紫外照射、盐浓度对桦褐孔菌多酚抑菌活性的影响。结果表明,桦褐孔菌多酚具有广谱抑菌效果,且对革兰氏阳性菌G+的抑制能力优于革兰氏阴性菌G-,对大肠杆菌（G-）、金黄色葡萄球菌（G+）、单增李斯特菌（G+）、沙门氏菌（G-）和枯草芽孢杆菌（G+）最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为2.50 mg/mL、1.25 mg/mL、2.50 mg/mL、5.00 mg/mL和5.00 mg/mL。在pH值为6、盐浓度为0.8%时,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径达到最大值,分别为18.36 mm、18.66 mm。桦褐孔菌多酚抑菌在40～121 ℃热稳定性较好,并且对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果最好,10 mg/mL时最大抑菌圈直径为（19.5±0.15） mm,比同浓度下枯草芽孢杆菌、单增李斯特菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌分别高23.4%、8.9%、18.2%和40.2%。     

Biogenic amines in selected foods of animal origin obtained from the Croatian retail market

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the presence of eight biogenic amines (BAs): tryptamine (TRP), phenylethylamine (PHE), putrescine (PUT), cadaverine (CAD), histamine (HIS), tyramine (TYR), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) in cheese, fish & fishery products and meat & meat products obtained from the Croatian retail market. A selective and robust method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) was applied for the determination of BAs in a total of 91 samples in accordance with the performance criteria outlined in the European legislation. A high inter- and intra-food group variability of the amounts of BAs was observed. In the analysed samples, the most represented amines were TYR, HIS, CAD and PUT. Based on the highest content of the most toxic BAs (HIS and TYR) and consequential food safety concerns, the studied food groups can be ranked in the following order: cheese (HIS up to 106.4 mg/kg; TYR up to 206.6 mg/kg), fish &fishery products (HIS up to 98.8 mg/kg; TYR up to 47.9 mg/kg), and meat & meat products (HIS up to 20.0 mg/kg; TYR up to 117.5 mg/kg). The total BA content was significantly higher (p < .05) in fermented in comparison with other food. The study aimed to contribute to the knowledge on BA toxicity and food quality, as well as to support the indispensable future studies of consumption data and exposure assessment, to the end of defining allowable BA concentrations in food.     

Biogenic amines in foods

Biogenic amines are produced by bacterial decarboxylation of corresponding amino acids in foods. Concentration of biogenic amines in fermented food products is affected by several factors in the manufacturing process, including hygienic of raw materials, microbial composition, fermentation condition, and the duration of fermentation. Intake of low amount of biogenic amines normally does not have harmful effect on human health. However, when their amount in food is too high and detoxification ability is inhibited or disturbed, biogenic amines could cause problem. To control concentration of BAs in food, decarboxylase activity for amino acids can be regulated. Levels of BAs can be reduced by several methods such as packaging, additives, hydrostatic pressure, irradiation, pasteurization, smoking, starter culture, oxidizing formed biogenic amine, and temperature. The objective of this review paper was to collect, summarize, and discuss necessary information or useful data based on previous studies in terms of BAs in various foods.     

水产品生物胺控制技术研究进展

水产品生物胺不仅降低水产品品质、缩短货架期，而且过量生物胺对消费者的健康造成严重威胁。鉴于此，建立安全高效的生物胺防控体系对于保障水产品品质和安全具有重要的现实意义。本文在总结水产品生物胺形成、危害及限量标准的基础上，重点综述了基于加工技术、食品组分调控及抑菌包装等生物胺控制技术的研究进展，旨在为建立更加安全和高效的水产品生物胺防控体系提供参考与借鉴。     

A review of the liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of biogenic amines in foods

Biogenic amines (BAs) are biologically active molecules which have aliphatic (putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, spermidine), aromatic (tyramine, phenylethylamine) or heterocyclic (histamine, tryptamine) structures. They can be detected in raw and processed foods which are formed and degraded through several pathways during the metabolic processes of animals, plants and microorganisms. The identification and quantitation procedures of BAs in food samples are very important, because BAs are considered as the indicators of food quality and freshness. The determination of BAs are commonly achieved by separation techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). In this article, analysis of BAs in foods were reviewed from 2007 to present.