用于保健食品中6种非法添加降脂类药物的快速筛查与定量分析

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间高分辨质谱法快速测定保健食品中烟酸、辛伐他汀、美伐他汀、洛伐他汀、去羟基洛伐他汀和洛伐他汀羟酸钠盐的方法。方法 采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱, 以0.1%甲酸(V:V)-甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱, 流速0.3 mL/min, 柱温35 ℃, 在电喷雾离子源、正离子模式下, 以多反应监测方式检测6种非法添加降脂类药物。结果 6种化合物标准品溶液浓度和检测响应的线性关系良好, 其相关系数r均大于0.998; 检出限在0.56~50.10 ng/mL, 定量限在1.67~100.20 ng/mL, 方法准确度、精密度、重复性均可满足要求。结论 该方法简单、准确、高效, 可用于保健食品中6种降脂类药物的快速筛查和定量测定。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间高分辨质谱法用于保健食品中6种非法添加降脂类药物的快速筛查与定量分析

目的建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间高分辨质谱法快速测定保健食品中烟酸、辛伐他汀、美伐他汀、洛伐他汀、去羟基洛伐他汀和洛伐他汀羟酸钠盐的方法。方法采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸(V:V)-甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL/min,柱温35℃,在电喷雾离子源、正离子模式下,以多反应监测方式检测6种非法添加降脂类药物。结果 6种化合物标准品溶液浓度和检测响应的线性关系良好,其相关系数r均大于0.998;检出限在0.56～50.10ng/mL,定量限在1.67～100.20ng/mL,方法准确度、精密度、重复性均可满足要求。结论该方法简单、准确、高效,可用于保健食品中6种降脂类药物的快速筛查和定量测定。     

液相色谱-离子阱质谱法同时测定减肥类保健食品中非法添加的12种化学药物

目的 建立减肥类保健食品中12种非法添加化学药物的高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱联用 分析方法,并对56批抽检样品进行检测。方法 样品经甲醇超声提取后,经SHISEIDO CAPCELL-PAK C18色谱柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）分离,以乙酸铵溶液-甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱。采用ESI离子源,正离子扫描模式,对样品中非法添加的12种化合物进行定性检测。结果 该法能够同时完成对保健食品中12种非法添加化学药物的检测,方法检出限为0.1~0.5 ng/mL。采用该法对56批抽检样品进行检验,其中13批检出西布曲明和N-单去甲基西布曲明,4批检出奥利司他,阳性检出率为30%。结论 该法专属性好、灵敏度高、简便快速,可用于减肥类保健食品中非法添加化学药物的快速筛查。     

超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法检测保健食品中14种降血糖类药物

目的建立超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry)检测不同剂型保健食品中14种降血糖类药物的分析方法。方法样品经甲醇-水(8:2,V:V)提取液提取,C_(18)吸附剂净化。经ZORBAX SB Aq C_(18)(100 mm×2.1 mm,3.0μm)色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸(A)和0.1%甲酸-乙腈(B)作为流动相,梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾电离,正离子检测,全扫描-数据依赖二级扫描模式(Full-MS/dd-MS~2)进行筛查,全扫描模式(Full-MS)进行定量。结果 14种降血糖类药物在一定浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r~2)大于0.99。14种降血糖类药物在0.5、1.0和5.0 mg/kg添加水平的回收率为69.6%%～109.4%,相对标准偏差小于10%(n=6),方法定量限为1.0 mg/kg。结论该方法快速、准确、灵敏,适合测定不同剂型保健食品中14种降血糖类药物。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定减肥类保健食品中10种非法添加利尿类及泻下类药物

建立一种减肥类保健食品中10种非法添加利尿类及泻下类药物的超高效液相-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。样品用甲醇超声提取,再经甲醇10倍稀释后,采用Thermo Hypersil GOLD色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.9 μm)分离,以水-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,多反应监测10种非法添加药物(氯噻嗪、氢氯噻嗪、氯噻酮、甲氯噻嗪、吲达帕胺、酚酞、芦荟大黄素、比沙可啶、大黄酚、大黄素)。结果显示10种非法添加药物在0.92~148.8 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R2)均大于0.995,平均回收率70%~125%。所检13批样品中3批检出非法添加酚酞、2批检出非法添加氢氯噻嗪,阳性率为38%。本方法准确,灵敏度高,专属性好,检出限低,可用于减肥类保健食品中10种非法添加药物的定性及定量测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测具有治疗镇咳平喘功效的药物成分

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测镇咳平类药物中4种药物成分的检测方法。方法采用C18色谱柱进行分离,以水(2 mmol/L甲酸铵-50 mmol/L甲酸)-乙腈(2 mmol/L甲酸铵-50 mmol/L甲酸)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用正离子电喷雾,多反应监测模式(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)进行定性定量测定。结果在线性范围0.05~2μg/g区间内,方法相关性较好,检出限为0.02μg/g,定量限为0.05μg/g。方法回收率为85%~103%,相对标准偏差为1.02%~3.69%。结论方法灵敏度好、精密度高、操作简便,适合应用于此类保健食品中非法添加药物成分的检测。     

蛋及蛋制品中多药物残留快速检测技术研究

目的建立蛋及蛋制品中5类49种药物残留的QuEChERS方法并应用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOFMS)高分辨质谱数据库快速定性筛查确证及参考定量。方法采用5 mL 5%甲酸乙腈溶液提取,C_(18)与PSA吸附剂净化的QuEChERS方法进行前处理,经Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离,以5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.1%甲酸)-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,Q-TOF-MS电喷雾正、负离子模式检测,通过Waters Masslynx工作站的Chromalynx XS模块建立多种药物的精确质量数和全扫描碰撞诱导解离碎片离子高分辨质谱数据库。结果 49种药物呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99,检出限(S/N=3)为0.2～10μg/kg,回收率结果在69.4%～121.5%之间。结论该方法简便、快速、灵敏,适用于蛋及蛋制品中多类药物残留的同时检测。     

超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱法同时快速检测水产品中37种兽药残留

目的建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速检测水产品中磺胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类、硝基咪唑类、大环内酯类、β-内酰胺类、三苯甲烷类7类37种兽药残留的方法。方法样品采用Qu ECh ERS方法(quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged and safe method)进行前处理(用乙腈提取,提取液经Al_2O_3吸附剂净化);采用ZORBAX SB-C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,3.5μm)分离,以乙腈-5 mmol的乙酸铵为流动相,梯度洗脱,Q-TOF-MS电喷雾正离子模式分析检测;在全扫描采集模式下,以准分子离子峰的峰面积定量,以化合物的色谱保留时间和精确质量数定性。结果各化合物在0.5~2000μg/kg范围内均呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99。样品平均添加回收率为67%~109.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于15.3%(n=6)。结论方法简单、快速、可靠,可用于水产品中兽药多残留的快速筛查。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定减肥保健食品中酚酞

建立测定减肥保健食品中非法添加药物酚酞的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。该方法对不同类型的减肥保健食品经超声波提取15min,以Waters AtlantisT3柱(150mm×2.1mm,3μm)分离后,进行HPLC/MS/MS多反应监测模式下的定性及定量分析。酚酞在(0.5~100)μg/L的范围内相关系数为0.9994。回收率71.3%~92.6%;日内精密度均小于8%,日间精密度均小于10%。在检测的20种样品中,检出含有酚酞的样品9个,检出率为45%。该方法分析速度快,灵敏度高,重现性好,可用于不同减肥保健食品中非法添加酚酞的快速检测。     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定禽蛋中10种氨基糖苷类药物残留

目的 建立了利用QuEChERS净化高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测禽蛋中10种氨基糖苷类药物(潮霉素B、阿米卡星、安普霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素C1、庆大霉素C1a、庆大霉素C2、巴龙霉素、西索米星、奈替米星)残留的方法。方法 样品经5% (V/V)三氯乙酸振摇提取,QuEChERS净化,采用Amide高效液相色谱柱分离,以1% (V/V)甲酸水和90% (V/V)乙腈水进行梯度洗脱,外标法定量。结果 在20-1000 μg/L质量浓度曲线范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,方法的检出限为0.2 mg/kg,定量限为0.5 mg/kg,对各种基质进行1、2、10倍定量限进行3水平的加标实验,平均回收率(n＝6)为63.6-119.0%,相对标准偏差为0.9-7.5%。利用该方法对市场销售的鸡蛋、鹅蛋、鹌鹑蛋各20批次进行检测,均未检出氨基糖苷类化合物。结论 该方法利用QuEChERS净化可以更简便、快速、准确的实现禽蛋中10种氨基糖苷类药物残留的检测。     

Determination of synthetic drugs used to adulterate botanical dietary supplements using QTRAP LC-MS/MS

Adulteration of botanical dietary supplements with prohibited synthetic drugs has become a serious problem. In this paper, a method for testing synthetic drugs used to adulterate botanical dietary supplements was developed using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) coupled with a linearity ion-trap system in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) plus enhanced product ion (EPI) mode. Twenty-three drugs exhibiting various pharmacological effects, comprising blood pressure and lipid-lowering agents, sedative drugs, anti-diabetic drugs, weight-reducing agents and aphrodisiac compounds, were studied. For all drugs, a single transition was monitored using protonated molecules as precursor ions. EPI spectra were stored in a library and recognized by library searching. Several undeclared drugs were identified in herbal remedies, e.g., glibenclamide, sibutramine hydrochloride and sildenafil. Overall, 35 positive samples were found out of a total of 105 botanical dietary supplements tested. The method was selective, sensitive, rapid, high-throughput and reliable.     

基于核磁共振法测定运动膳食补充剂中4种苯乙胺类物质

通过核磁共振技术鉴定和检测运动膳食补充剂中4种主要苯乙胺类物质,该研究不需要色谱预处理即可在20种运动膳食补充剂中检测出苯乙胺、辛弗林、甲基辛弗林和大麦芽碱。此外,还建立并验证同时多重检测4种苯乙胺类物质浓度的核磁共振定量方法。研究表明,核磁共振可以作为鉴定和检测营养补充剂中物质成分的有效手段。     

Botanical origin authentication of dietary supplements by DNA‐based approaches

Herbal products, such as dietary supplements, have become a subject of increasing global importance for their health benefits and economic considerations. However, they have also been targets of adulteration practices, being the accurate identification of botanicals in herbal products of utmost importance to protect the health and expectations of consumers. Particularly, in the case of dietary supplements, which can have different types of formulations, the identification of plant material used in their production is often a research challenge. DNA‐based techniques have played a crucial role on the development of a wide range of tools for the authentication of herbal products. Therefore, this review intends to describe their main progresses, critically discussing their advantages and drawbacks when applied to authenticate herbal products, focusing on dietary supplements. DNA barcoding is particularly emphasized because it has provided the highest number of applications, followed by the advances on high‐resolution melting analysis combined with DNA barcodes. A special emphasis is also given to the promising approaches relying on DNA metabarcoding and isothermal amplification.     

Occurrence of pesticide residues and transformation products in different types of dietary supplements

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of pesticide residues and transformation products in dietary supplement products. Thirty-two samples were analysed to determine 177 pesticides by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and 333 pesticides by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Pesticides were extracted from different kinds of dietary supplements by the use of a modified QuEChERS extraction method. Six samples contained pesticide residues at concentration up to 92.7 µg kg^?1, but only butralin exceeded the maximum residue limits set for raw material. In addition to target compounds, LC-HRMS enables the simultaneous detection of non-target pesticides. In this case, transformation products of pesticides were detected in the analysed samples using HRMS analyser (Exactive-Orbitrap). These compounds were not included in the original method, and they were monitored as post-target compounds, knowing their molecular formula and exact mass. Mass accuracy was always < 2 ppm, corresponding to a maximum mass error. The positive findings endorse the idea that a deeper and continuous investigation of pesticide residues and transformation products in dietary supplement products is necessary in order to guaranty consumer’s safety.     

Optimization of a solid phase extraction and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of metformin in dietary supplements and herbal medicines

Metformin is one of the most common adulterants found in anti-diabetic dietary supplements and herbal medicines. An analytical method based on hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)/tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated for the determination of metformin in dietary supplements and herbal medicines. Sample preparation involved solid phase extraction of the analyte using Plexa PCX cartridges, and cleanup by a primary–secondary amine (PSA) adsorbent for minimization of the matrix effect. Chromatographic separation was performed on a HILIC column using a mixture of 0.025 mol/L ammonium formate (pH 3) and acetonitrile (18:82, v/v) as the mobile phase at flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The method was validated in four matrices (capsules, honeyed pills, tablets and oral solutions). The method had a good linear range (5–500 ng/mL), and the overall precision and accuracy ranged from 2.2% to 9.9% and 4.6% to 11.3%, respectively.     

磷酸二酯酶-5抑制剂检测方法研究进展

3种获准上市的磷酸二酯酶-5抑制剂药物(西地那非、伐地那非和他达那非)在市场上获得了巨大成功。不法商人把这些药品违法添加到植物保健品和药品中谋取利益,对公众的健康构成了威胁。不断出现的PDE-5抑制剂的结构类似物导致问题变得更加复杂。目前,在标准品的参照下,TLC、HPLC、LC-MS和MECC等检测方法可以实现对已知PDE-5药物的检测。只有液相/离子阱串联质谱能够同时检测合法的药物和未知的PDE-5抑制剂类似物。免疫学检测方法正成为快速、灵敏、高效检测PDE-5药物的新方法。     

气相色谱/质谱-选择离子监测法同时测定皮革制品中21种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

本文建立了一种气相色谱/质谱-选择离子监测方法,对皮革制品中21种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物进行了同时测定。该方法以正己烷为萃取溶剂,在40℃下对皮革制品进行超声萃取,萃取物经处理后进行气相色谱/质谱-选择离子监测法测定。该方法简便快捷,定性定量准确,灵敏度高,检出限低,DINP和DIDP的检出限分别为1.0、2.0 mg/kg,其余各组分的检出限均低于0.4 mg/kg。该方法的加标平均回收率为89.99%～98.40%,精密度试验RSD均小于10%。采用该方法对47种市售皮革制品进行测定,结果在2个样品中检出邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物。     

Quantification of aristolochic acids I and II in herbal dietary supplements by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–multistage fragmentation mass spectrometry

A rapid, selective and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–multistage fragmentation mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS³) method was developed and evaluated for the determination of aristolochic acids I and II (AA I and II) in herbal dietary supplements. A hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion-trap mass spectrometry was used to monitor MS³ ion transitions m/z 359.2 > 298.1 > 268.0 and m/z 329.2 > 268.2 > 238.0 to detect AA I and II, respectively. The extraction and clean-up of target analytes from dry powdered samples was performed using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) procedure. Herbal liquid extracts were analysed directly. Average recoveries ranged from 89% to 112%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 3% to 16%. Limits of quantification (LOQs) estimated for three selected matrices were as follows (AA I/II): 5/10 ng g^?1 (tablets); 25/50 ng g^?1 (capsules); and 2.5/5.0 ng ml^?l (liquid herbal extract). The method was applied in a limited survey of 30 herbal products marketed in the United States via the Internet. AA I and II were detected in 20% and 7%, respectively, of tested samples.     

The estimation of biological value and quality of propolis and propolis based food products and food dietary supplements

The method of determination of indicative flavonoids of propolis has been developed. The method is applicable for the standardization and estimation of quality and origin of raw propolis and propolis-containing food products, food dietary supplements (FDS) and drugs. The method allows to determine the concentration and composition of individual flavonoids on the background of complicated matrix of food products and FDS. The detection limit amounted 0, 1% (for chrysin). 20 samples of propolis from different regions and 12 samples of propolis-enriched food products and FDS were investigated by proposed method.     

超高效液相色谱－四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法快速筛查及定量分析减肥类保健品中20种非法添加药物

目的建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS)快速筛查及定量分析减肥类保健品中常见20种非法添加药物。方法保健品样品以甲醇为提取溶剂进行超声提取,然后使用UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS进行测定,采用全扫描/数据依赖的二级扫描(Full MS/dd-MS~2)扫描模式。通过比较样品与标准品的色谱保留时间、一级质谱和二级质谱,确定样品中是否掺杂了减肥药物,并对阳性样品进行定量分析。结果建立的Q-Orbitrap方法简便快捷、定性能力强,非常适合高通量非法添加筛查。20种减肥药物在0.1～300 ng/mL范围内具有良好的线性,线性相关系数均大于0.995,各类药物的检出限为0.03～10 ng/mL,回收率为78.5%～98.6%,相对标准偏差为2.11%～9.21%。结论该方法操作简单,分析时间短,灵敏度高,准确可靠,为打击日益猖獗的非法添加行为提供了新的手段。