三条射束足以——流程工业的新型超声波测量仪

在企业里，每一项采购都是一种折衷．要考虑各种因素：测量仪器的精度、价格、维修和保养费用、操作、寿命等等。要在这些方面和其它方面形成可以说服用户的论据。供货项目的扩展完全可以有助于更好地满足确定的应用要求。在Achema化工设备展览会上，Krohne公司在流量测量仪器方面介绍了这样一种新的方案。     

Grain Size Measurement of Copper Spot Welding Caps Via Ultrasonic Attenuation and Scattering Experiments

During ultrasonic testing of resistance spot welds in real time, the probe sends the sound waves through the thickness of the copper electrode cap into the materials being welded. Characteristics of the reflected waves from the weld interfaces allow a reliable decision to be made on the quality of the joint. Transmission of high frequency sound waves through the relatively thick copper welding cap cause the signal to be greatly attenuated due to grain scattering. For this reason, close monitoring of the copper cap properties prior to installation is essential for adequate performance. Finding copper alloys with a small average grain size is essential in order to minimize the attenuating effects. The conducted backscatter and attenuation experiments indicate correlation between the ultrasonically measured parameters and the optically found copper grain size. This correlation suggests that the attenuation or backscatter technique could be used alone in order to validate the proper copper alloy to be used in spot weld probes. Using nondestructive testing techniques for this purpose greatly reduces the time and cost involved compared to optical techniques.     

基于相关法的医用超声耦合剂实时测量系统

声速和衰减是医用耦合剂的关键参数,对超声仪器的临床诊断相当重要。相关方法是测量两个相近波形之间时差的重要方法,\"波形不变性\"原理是相关测速的基本工作原理。基于相关方法,利用虚拟示波器在PC上构建了一个实时医用超声耦合剂测量系统。该系统通过USB接口对虚拟示波器进行控制及数据传输,并利用Windows系统的多线程工具对软件进行了优化,实现了实时测量、计算和显示。对几种耦合剂样品进行了测试,并对结果作了处理和分析,从而实现了生产过程中超声耦合剂的声速和衰减的在线检测和控制。     

碳纤维复合材料分布孔隙率的超声衰减检测方法

文中提出一种基于理论建模与实验标定的碳纤维复合材料孔隙率超声衰减检测方法.此方法对包含超声波频率、树脂、碳纤维、按尺寸分布孔隙等的多种衰减影响作用在内的理论模型进行分析简化,而建立起检测模型,较好地解决了前人的理论模型与检测结果不一致问题,并使其方法本身具有适用意义.对相应导出的检测关系式通过破坏性实验标定,保证了本方法检测结果的可靠性.给出了一种标定检测关系式的实验方法,并对其精度进行了分析.通过实验分析,对所提出的方法进行了示例性实现,以表明此方法的可行性.     

Ultrasonic attenuation and velocity in AS/3501-6 graphite fiber composite

The ultrasonic group velocity and attenuation were measured as a function of frequency for longitudinal and shear waves in the Hercules epoxy matrix (3501-6) and in the principal directions of the unidirectional Hercules graphite fiber epoxy composite (AS/3501-6). Tests were conducted in the frequency ranges 0.25–14 MHz and 0.5–3 MHz for longitudinal and shear wave modes, respectively. While the attenuation increased with frequency for all wave modes, the group velocity was independent of frequency for all wave modes. In studying the effects of transducer-specimen interface couplant and pressure, it was found that for each transducer, there exists a frequency-dependent saturation pressure corresponding to the maximum output amplitude of the signal.     

超声波在水中衰减的频率效应及其对脉冲回波的影响

超声波在传播中会发生幅值衰减,该衰减不仅与超声波传播的距离有关,还与超声波的频率有关。为了研究高频超声波衰减的频率效应,本文通过脉冲回波法分析脉冲超声波在水中传播反射回波的幅值和频谱变化,研究了超声波在水中传播时幅值衰减与传播距离及其与超声频率之间的关系,通过测量脉冲超声波在水中传播不同距离时的反射回波,并对其进行傅里叶变换,分析了超声波传播衰减的距离效应和频率效应。研究发现:超声波在水中的传播衰减随距离呈指数规律,且不同频率超声波的衰减系数不相同,频率越高,衰减越大,衰减的频率效应可有效解释反射法高频脉冲超声检测中回波脉冲信号的中心频率远低于换能器标称中心频率的现象。     

射频部分替代法的衰减测量分析

限制衰减测量量程的因素是大信号测量的非线性以及小信号测量的信噪比,采用射频部分替代法能够在加大信号功率提高信噪比的同时而不引入大信号测量的非线性,是扩展衰减量程的有效方法。本文论述了射频部分替代法,并对不确定度进行了分析。     

射频部分替代法的衰减测量分析

限制衰减测量量程的因素是大信号测量的非线性以及小信号测量的信噪比，采用射频部分替代法能够在加大信号功率提高信噪比的同时而不引入大信号测量的非线性，是扩展衰减量程的有效方法。本文论述了射频部分替代法，并对不确定度进行了分析。     

甲基丙烯酸酯类共聚物的超声衰减与声速

用脉冲回波法测定了甲基丙烯酸酯类共聚物的超声衰减与声速。在2.5和5MHz 两种频率下,考察了共聚物超声衰减的温度关系。所得结果与 DSC 法作了比较,共聚物的玻璃化转变温度 T_g 相近。     

In-situ Attenuation Corrections for Radiation Force Measurements of High Frequency Ultrasound With a Conical Target

Radiation force balance (RFB) measurements of time-averaged, spatially-integrated ultrasound power transmitted into a reflectionless water load are based on measurements of the power received by the RFB target. When conical targets are used to intercept the output of collimated, circularly symmetric ultrasound sources operating at frequencies above a few megahertz, the correction for in-situ attenuation is significant, and differs significantly from predictions for idealized circumstances. Empirical attenuation correction factors for a 45° (half-angle) absorptive conical RFB target have been determined for 24 frequencies covering the 5 MHz to 30 MHz range. They agree well with previously unpublished attenuation calibration factors determined in 1994 for a similar target.     

串联替代法衰减测量装置的噪声分析

在微波大衰减测量中,噪声是一项主要误差来源。本描述了低中频串联替代法衰减测量装置中噪声误差的分析方法,对中国计量科学研究院新建的宽带衰减基准中噪声引入的误差进行了理论分析和测试,并给出了分析和测试结果。