魔芋葡甘聚糖/明胶复配胶液表观粘性研究

该文研究了胶液浓度、pH、剪切速率对魔芋葡甘聚糖及明胶溶液表观粘度影响,并将两者进行复配,研究了pH、复配胶溶液浓度、复配比例对复配胶液表观粘度影响。研究结果表明,魔芋葡甘聚糖和明胶溶液表观粘度随浓度增加而增加;随pH增高呈现出先升后降趋势。魔芋葡甘聚糖溶液表观粘度随剪切速率升高而降低,并表现出了剪切变稀假塑性。明胶溶液表观粘度随剪切速率增加而趋于稳定。复配胶液表观粘度随魔芋葡甘聚糖所占比例增加而增大,随复配胶液浓度变大而变大,随pH增加先升后降;在总胶浓度为2%、魔芋葡甘聚糖与明胶为7∶5的配比、pH=8情况下,复配胶液表现出较好流动性,且形成富有弹性和咀嚼性凝胶体。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖机械力化学降解研究

研究了魔芋葡甘聚糖在超微粉碎过程中的机械力化学降解效应.结果表明,在超微粉碎过程强烈的机械力作用下,魔芋葡甘聚糖发生了机械力化学降解,随粒度细化,溶胶粘度、分子量和葡甘聚糖含量呈显著下降趋势,并产生大量魔芋低聚糖.与粗于80目粉相比,细于600目粉粘度下降93.06%,分子量下降68.45%,葡甘聚糖含量下降9.02%,魔芋低聚糖的含量为7.56%.     

魔芋葡甘聚糖的剪切流变特性研究

KGM溶胶属典型的假塑性流体。通过研究魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)溶胶粘度(η)和剪切应力分别与剪切速率的相关性,表明KGM的剪切流变特性呈明显的非线性变化规律,符合幂定律(τ=KD~n),进一步得出了粘性系数K和流动指数n随浓度和温度的变化趋势,其关系曲线可分别用幂函数和二次多项式拟合。目的是求得K和n的非线性变化曲线,为KGM在食品工业中的合理应用和其质量评价提供可靠依据。     

影响魔芋葡甘聚糖吸附香兰素的因素研究

为探讨魔芋葡甘聚糖吸附香兰素的基本特征,以魔芋葡甘聚糖溶液浓度、pH值、温度和时间为试验因素,进行单因素试验,对结果进行方差分析。结果表明,随着魔芋葡甘聚糖浓度增大,香兰素吸附量呈增大趋势;随pH值升高,吸附量增加;温度越高,吸附量越低;随时间的延长,吸附量逐渐减少;魔芋葡甘聚糖吸附香兰素的工艺条件为：合适的魔芋葡甘聚糖与香兰素配比,魔芋葡甘聚糖溶液pH=9．0-11．0,常温下吸附,吸附时间10min。     

乙醇/水溶液中魔芋葡甘聚糖流变性能研究

初步研究了魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)在不同乙醇浓度的乙醇/水溶液中的流变性能,运用粘度法分析了KGM溶胶的溶胀速率、峰值粘度及其稳定性与乙醇浓度的相关性.结果表明,KGM的流变性能与乙醇浓度存在明显的依赖关系,当乙醇浓度=11%时产生突变.KGM溶胶的溶胀时间与稳定性随乙醇浓度增加而逐渐延长;其最大溶胀速率和峰值粘度随乙醇浓度的增加而减小.这些规律均为KGM在流体中的实际应用提供了参考依据.     

脱乙酰魔芋葡甘聚糖对马铃薯淀粉糊化及流变性质的影响

以马铃薯淀粉为原料,向其中添加脱乙酰度分别为20%、45%、70%、90%的魔芋葡甘聚糖,研究复合体系的糊化及流变性质。结果表明随着魔芋葡甘聚糖脱乙酰度增加,复合体系的糊化温度略向高温移动,从66.0 ℃增加至66.5 ℃,糊化焓值从10.1 J/g下降至8.9 J/g。静态流变学实验表明,脱乙酰魔芋葡甘聚糖-马铃薯淀粉体系为假塑性非牛顿流体,呈现明显剪切稀化现象。Power-law方程拟合发现,随着魔芋葡甘聚糖脱乙酰程度增大,复合体系稠度系数k值从128.8上升至694.4,流动特性指数n值从0.4711下降至0.3879。动态流变学实验表明,当魔芋葡甘聚糖脱乙酰度从20%增加至90%,复合体系凝胶强度的An值从236.7增加至2468.9。说明高脱乙酰度魔芋葡甘聚糖对马铃薯淀粉凝胶强度贡献明显。     

硬脂酸-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖酯的微波法制备工艺及其性能研究

魔芋葡甘聚糖通过微波加热引入亲水的羧甲基基团及疏水的硬脂酸基团进行复合改性,从而改善其理化性质,扩大其应用范围。采用单因素试验研究硬脂酸甲脂及氢氧化钠的用量、微波反应时间和温度对硬脂酸-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖酯取代度的影响,在此基础上通过四元二次通用旋转组合设计确定最佳工艺参数并研究所得产物的理化性质。得出最佳改性条件:硬脂酸甲脂用量在14.0%~14.4%,NaOH用量5.85%~6.36%,反应温度85.9~87.5℃,反应时间10.1~10.4 min条件下,硬脂酸取代度在0.020以上有95%的可能;相比羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖,产品的黏度有所提高,抗碱性能力增强,乳化能力提高且稳定,是一种优良的乳化剂。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖的酯化及其产物特性

为提高魔芋葡甘聚糖性能,扩大其应用范围,用六偏磷酸钠与魔芋葡甘聚糖进行酯化反应. 采用红外光谱测得其产物的结构表征,并研究了其性能.结果表明:酯化改性的最佳条件为:m(六偏磷酸钠)∶m(葡甘聚糖)=1∶8,温度 55 ℃,pH值 2,时间 1.5 h.在此条件下,产物的粘度、溶胶稳定性、冻融稳定性、透明度均有改善,产物适用于冷冻食品等行业.     

没食子酸（TNC）对魔芋葡甘聚糖干法改性的研究

用ＴＮＣ试剂对魔芋葡甘聚糖进行干法改性。反应最佳条件为：ＴＮＣ：魔芋精粉（Ｗ／Ｗ）＝０．６０：１０．０;反应温度４０～５０℃;反应时间３ｈ;ｐＨ为４．５。与未改性的相比,其成膜性、稳定性均有明显改善,粘度提高了１～２倍,且有相当的抑菌效果。改性魔芋葡甘聚糖用红外、紫外光谱进行结构分析和保鲜涂膜对比实验,结果表明;干法改性的魔芋葡甘聚糖的保鲜性能优于湿法改性和未改性的、且苹果优于柑桔。它可作为保鲜剂。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖与黄原胶复配凝胶的协同作用及其流变特性

研究魔芋葡甘聚糖与黄原胶复配凝胶的协同作用及其流变特性。研究表明,魔芋葡甘聚糖与黄原胶复配比低于3∶7时,随魔芋葡甘聚糖含量的增加,复配凝胶的储能模量G′和凝胶强度逐渐增大;当魔芋葡甘聚糖与黄原胶复配比高于3∶7时,随魔芋葡甘聚糖含量的增加复配凝胶的储能模量G′逐渐减小,凝胶强度逐渐减弱,且不同复配比的复配凝胶的变化趋势不随总质量分数而变化;当魔芋葡甘聚糖与黄原胶复配比在3∶7时的协同作用最大,凝胶强度最强。通过对不同复配比的复配凝胶在线性黏弹区内的稳态储能模量Gc′与临界应变值随总质量分数变化的曲线进行拟合,发现两者随总质量分数的变化符合power-law模型Gc′∝Cn,γc∝Cn′,魔芋葡甘聚糖与黄原胶复配比在1∶9～4∶6之间,幂律系数n随魔芋葡甘聚糖含量的增加而减小,说明在此复配比范围黄原胶对复配凝胶起主导作用;当两者复配比高于4∶6时n值随魔芋葡甘聚糖含量的增加而增加,说明魔芋葡甘聚糖对复配凝胶起主导作用;n’值均为负值且始终随魔芋葡甘聚糖含量的增加而增大,说明总质量分数越高复配凝胶的临界应变值越小,凝胶的韧性越弱;魔芋葡甘聚糖含量越高复配凝胶的临界应变值受总质量分数的影响越小。温度扫描试验表明,不同复配比的复配凝胶在加热过程中表现出相同的趋势,即随着温度的升高G′逐渐降低,在60℃左右达到平衡;冷却过程中复配凝胶的凝胶化开始,温度随黄原胶含量的增加而升高。蠕变试验表明,复配凝胶的瞬时弹性系数E1在两者复配比为5∶5时达到最大值,其它复配比条件下随魔芋葡甘聚糖含量的增加而减小,延迟弹性系数E2和黏性系数η1均在魔芋葡甘聚糖与黄原胶复配比等于3∶7时达到最大值。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press