一种攻击Digimarc水印的新算法

近年来,数字水印技术开始广泛用于电子产品的版权保护,大量的数字水印方案被提了出来。在数字水印技术的开发方面,Digimarc公司是一个领导者。Digimarc水印技术为保护版权提供了一种强有力的工具。论文提出了一种新的针对Digimarc数字水印的攻击算法,该算法能够在保证电子产品质量的前提下很容易地删除Digimarc水印。实验结果表明这种算法非常有效。     

Development of a new technology product evaluation model for assessing commercialization opportunities using Delphi method and fuzzy AHP approach

As the number of new products developed by new technologies has increased, the importance of the commercialization of new technology products has become crucial to manufactures in the successful delivery of valuable new products and services. This study classified success factors for commercialization of new products and analyzed which factors should be primarily considered. Based on the literature review and Delphi method, we identified four decision areas and further prioritized the sixteen factors under a hierarchy model structured by fuzzy AHP (analytic hierarchy process) approach. The FAHP is conducted by 111 R&D and business experts working at the world’s major players in machinery industry; using the priorities of success factors derived by FAHP, we devise an example of commercialization assessment model. The paper drives the assessment initiatives of the new product development in manufactures and provides them with practical implications about the commercialization of new technology product.     

Normalized Cuts Revisited: A Reformulation for Segmentation with Linear Grouping Constraints

Indisputably Normalized Cuts is one of the most popular segmentation algorithms in pattern recognition and computer vision. It has been applied to a wide range of segmentation tasks with great success. A number of extensions to this approach have also been proposed, including ones that can deal with multiple classes or that can incorporate a priori information in the form of grouping constraints. However, what is common for all these methods is that they are noticeably limited in the type of constraints that can be incorporated and can only address segmentation problems on a very specific form. In this paper, we present a reformulation of Normalized Cut segmentation that in a unified way can handle linear equality constraints for an arbitrary number of classes. This is done by restating the problem and showing how linear constraints can be enforced exactly in the optimization scheme through duality. This allows us to add group priors, for example, that certain pixels should belong to a given class. In addition, it provides a principled way to perform multi-class segmentation for tasks like interactive segmentation. The method has been tested on real data showing good performance and improvements compared to standard normalized cuts.     

Disassembly sequence structure graphs: An optimal approach for multiple-target selective disassembly sequence planning

Modern green products must be easy to disassemble. Specific target components must be accessed and removed for repair, reuse, recycling, or remanufacturing. Prior studies describe various methods for removing selective targets from a product. However, solution quality, model complexity, and searching time have not been considered thoroughly. The goal of this study is to improve solution quality, minimize model complexity, and reduce searching time. To achieve the goal, this study introduces a new ‘disassembly sequence structure graph’ (DSSG) model for multiple-target selective disassembly sequence planning, an approach for creating DSSGs, and methods for searching DSSGs. The DSSG model contains a minimum set of parts that must be removed to remove selected targets, with an order and direction for removing each part. The approach uses expert rules to choose parts, part order, and part disassembly directions, based upon physical constraints. The searching methods use rules to remove all parts, in order, from the DSSG. The DSSG approach is an optimal approach. The approach creates a high quality minimum-size model, in minimum time. The approach finds high quality, practical, realistic, physically feasible solutions, in minimum time. The solutions are optimized for number of removed parts, part order, part disassembly directions, and reorientations. The solutions remove parts in practical order. The solutions remove parts in realistic directions. The solutions consider contact, motion, and fastener constraints. The study also presents eight new design rules. The study results can be used to improve the product design process, increase product life-cycle quality, and reduce product environmental impact.     

Some issues of designing genetic algorithms for traveling salesman problems

This paper demonstrates that a robust genetic algorithm for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) should preserve and add good edges efficiently, and at the same time, maintain the population diversity well. We analyzed the strengths and limitations of several well-known genetic operators for TSPs by the experiments. To evaluate these factors, we propose a new genetic algorithm integrating two genetic operators and a heterogeneous pairing selection. The former can preserve and add good edges efficiently and the later will be able to keep the population diversity. The proposed approach was evaluated on 15 well-known TSPs whose numbers of cities range from 101 to 13509. Experimental results indicated that our approach, somewhat slower, performs very robustly and is very competitive with other approaches in our best surveys. We believe that a genetic algorithm can be a stable approach for TSPs if its operators can preserve and add edges efficiently and it maintains population diversity.     

基于JSP技术的网上购物系统

本系统是基于JSP动态网页技术开发的网上购物系统.所开发的基于JSP技术的网上购物系统具有前台用尸操作和后台管理两大模块,前台主要功能包括用户注册、产品订购、购物车查看、订单生成、订单查询、留言查看和留言发布等,后台由管理员使用,主要包括商品添加、订单处理、用户信息管理、添加链接、公告信息添加等.对在线购物方面,用户可查询自己需要的商品,选好商品后加入购物车,确定要买的商品后,可去收银台结帐,生成订单,这样就完成了整个购物流程.基于JSP技术的网上购物系统属于电子商务系统,应用B/S开发模型,其后台应用SQL Server 2000数据库,前台应用ISP开发语言.在JDK和TOMCAT等工具的应用下可方便地对本系统进行测试.在系统设计中应时刻注意系统妥全性,因为电子商务的安全性是非常重要的,必须给用户提供安全性的保证.     

Wirtschaftsinformatik zwischen Wissenschaft und Unternehmertum

One of the major success indicators for applied research sciences is the rate of transfer from research into practice. Only if concrete and economically successful products are derived from research results, such sciences can induce an impact. However, this process of innovation mandatorily needs entrepreneurship. Within the domain of business information systems, the two German enterprises SAP AG and IDS Scheer AG demonstrate that linking research and innovation is the key to lasting success in the information technology markets. German industry has significant disadvantages on the cost of human resources. Therefore it can be only successful with products that incorporate a high degree of innovation and that are consequently highly priced. But the invention of such products needs scientific research as a source of inspiration. Germany has a highly developed infrastructure of research facilities and organizations. However, they need to be better coordinated and aligned with business needs. Vice versa, enterprises need to actively approach the scientific community in order to clearly formulate their demand. Such a strategy needs changes on all sides. To achieve a change in the domain of science, it is necessary to change the profile of leading researchers, such as full professors. They should incorporate attributes of an entrepreneur and be profiled more as a research manager that tries to anticipate future needs and to develop its unit in terms of research subjects as well as personnel and financial resources. Consequently, the process of application, selection and review of leading researchers should be more oriented on processes that are common in enterprises. E. g. external head-hunters can be involved in the searching and assessing process in order to get the best qualified person for the research vacancy. Also enterprises need to change their attitude towards scientific research. In order to foster this process, executives could be invited to advisory and supervisory boards of research organisations. Furthermore, those executives must be proactively informed about the research activities and results in order to attract their interest and to show potentials for a transfer into products. There is still a long way in the hunt for innovation leadership and all these suggestions can only be a starting point.     

Critical issues for e‐learning delivery: what may seem obvious is not always put into practice

Abstract The successful adoption of information and communication technology to enhance learning can be very challenging, requiring a complex blend of technological, pedagogical and organizational components, which may at times require the resolution of contradictory demands and conflicting needs. The research reported in this paper investigated and analysed critical success factors (CSFs) that are required to deliver e‐learning within higher education (HE) courses and programmes. The research design adopted a critical research approach, instantiated by focus group discussions with e‐learning experts drawn from administrative, educational, technology and research domains. The findings revealed that staffing issues, pedagogically sound delivery models and training of both tutors and students cannot be treated as trivial issues and are critical to the success of e‐learning. Furthermore, this research also shows that there is a strong relationship between these factors and inspirational institutional leadership. The findings also suggest that in order to assure the success of e‐learning, this leadership should guarantee the presence of institutional enablers. It is hoped that the CSFs, described and discussed in depth in this paper, will provide a suitable theoretical foundation to underpin the successful delivery of e‐learning within HE.     

Organizational information management strategies

Abstract. Information technology is a key factor in competitiveness. Business managers increasingly have to make decisions in this field. Their involvement in planning and decision making should be active and genuine. There are numerous methods to support information systems planning and implementation. This study focuses on the organizational approach to generating plans. An interactive framework for evolutionary information systems planning is presented together with the results of applying this framework in six organizations. The author has been working with these organizations very intensively, using an action research approach. The main emphasis is on the success of the organizational method of creating information management strategies. The main finding is that an interactive way of generating strategies is not enough. The role of internal 'project champions' in both planning and implementation is extremely important. Outside facilitators cannot replace their contribution.     

Combining ontologies to automatically generate temporal perspectives of geospatial domains

This paper describes an approach for automatically combining geospatial and temporal ontologies such that a geospatial domain can be analyzed over multiple temporal granularities. Terms from a geospatial ontology are combined with terms from a temporal ontology to form cross products that provide an integrated spatiotemporal framework. This framework is multi-granular, highlighting elements from the geospatial ontology at different domain times. We show how pairs of ontologies represented in Protégé can be used as the input for deriving cross products and how the results of this technique can be used as a basis for querying and retrieving new perspectives on geospatial domains. Visualizations of cross product spaces highlight the geospatial–temporal combinations of terms as well as the different relations that link these terms and improve the understanding of the structure of the spatiotemporal framework. Methods for filtering terms from the cross products are also investigated in order to prune the resulting frameworks and remove irrelevant or unnecessary terms.     

Curling and clumping fur represented by texture layers

Fur is present in most mammals which are common characters in both movies and video-games, and it is important to model and render fur both realistically and quickly. When the objective is real-time performance, fur is usually represented by texture layers (or 3D textures), which limits the dynamic characteristics of fur when compared with methods that use an explicit representation for each fur strand. This paper proposes a method for animating and shaping fur in real-time, adding curling and clumping effects to the existing real-time fur rendering methods on the GPU. Besides fur bending using a mass-spring strand model embedded in the fur texture, we add small scale displacements to layers to represent curls which are suitable for vertex shader implementation, and we also use a fragment shader to compute intra-layer offsets to create fur clumps. With our method, it becomes easy to dynamically add and remove fur curls and clumps, as can be seen in real fur as a result of fur getting wet and drying up.     

An auction-based approach to control automated warehouses using smart vehicles

In modern automated warehouses smart vehicles are becoming popular, allowing flexible adaptation to changing requirements. Thus, encouraged by their considerable abilities, this paper proposes an auction-based approach for the control of automated warehouse systems with smart vehicles to provide modularity, near-realtime capabilities, scalability, robustness and services orientation to the whole system. In particular, the approach focuses on the mission assignment problem. Moreover, to overcome the difficulties in design and development of the employed approach and to size and configure the system to be controlled, a hybrid model with an automatic model synthesis procedure to dynamically add/remove resources is presented.     

非交互式Petri网可覆盖性验证的高效实现

近年来,基于Petri网可覆盖性的验证技术已经成功地应用于并发程序的验证与分析中.然而,由于Petri网的可覆盖性问题复杂度太高,这类技术在应用时有较大的局限性,对于输入规模较大的问题常常会出现超时的情况.而Petri网的一个子系统——非交互式Petri网,其可覆盖性和可达性复杂性均是NP完备的,同时表达力又可以作为某类并发程序的验证模型.设计并实现了可以高效验证非交互式Petri网可覆盖性的工具CFPCV.采用基于约束的方法,从模型中提取约束,并使用Z3 SMT求解器对约束进行求解,同时,通过子网可标记方法对候选解进行验证,从而保证每组解都是正确解.通过实验分析了该工具的成功率、迭代次数以及运行效率,发现该算法不仅验证成功率高,而且性能非常优异.     

A location-based fog computing optimization of energy management in smart buildings: DEVS modeling and design of connected objects

Nowadays, smart buildings rely on Internet of things (IoT) technology derived from the cloud and fog computing paradigms to coordinate and collaborate between connected objects. Fog is characterized by low latency with a wider spread and geographically distributed nodes to support mobility, real-time interaction, and location-based services. To provide optimum quality of user life in modern buildings, we rely on a holistic Framework, designed in a way that decreases latency and improves energy saving and services efficiency with different capabilities. Discrete EVent system Specification (DEVS) is a formalism used to describe simulation models in a modular way. In this work, the sub-models of connected objects in the building are accurately and independently designed, and after installing them together, we easily get an integrated model which is subject to the fog computing Framework. Simulation results show that this new approach significantly, improves energy efficiency of buildings and reduces latency. Additionally, with DEVS, we can easily add or remove sub-models to or from the overall model, allowing us to continually improve our designs.     

Management of new technologies in production and logistics

The increase of a company's competitiveness can be compared with the acceleration of a train. In this idea the product is represented by the tractive power of the locomotive and the production system by the waggons. Until now, a powerful locomotive was considered to be the most important condition of success, which means an excellent product, leading all waggons: production, logistics and organization. Worlwide, it can be observed that even feeble locomotives (products) with easily running waggons are overtaking powerful locomotives with heavily running waggons. This requires a concentration on the speed of the whole train, taking all influencing parameters into account. The enterprise's investment strategy demonstrates an almost equal percentage of its investable funds, namely about 5% of the return for research and development and about 6% for new technologies. The share of new technologies in production is increased from 62 to 68%.The strategic potential of new technologies in production and logistics can be judged by their effects on critical factors for success like costs, quality, flexibility and time. The achievable advantages in competition depend on the level of experience and on the duration of protection against imitation, as well as on the turnover and market shares of the products involved.To align an enterprise with the critical factors of success, the exclusive use of new technologies for automation is not sufficient. The combination of productive factors has to be rearranged frequently. Existing organizational structures, potential of employees, systems of logistics and technologies of production have to be improved considering these circumstances. They should be integratively controlled in a long-term strategy through the systematic management of technology.     

Web-based modular interface geometries with constraints in assembly models

The use of a modular technique in modeling for assembly can improve design efficiency and reduce the cost of product development. This paper presents an approach to an assembly model that was built using modular interface geometries. This paper proposes a novel, hybrid modular design strategy instead of the traditional, top-down design process. The curve-joint method is used as a simplified process for converting a 3D solid model to a skeleton model with interface geometries in modeling for assembly. This research builds assembly interface geometries with their constraints in the assembly model instead of using information about individual assembly parts for the product. These interface geometries are easy to share, and they deliver the design requirements properly. They also ensure that minimal efforts will be required in the design change process. By implementing this method, the constraints of the features in modular assembly parts can be transferred to interface geometries. Designers can easily add, replace, and delete design parts in the modular product. Module interaction for application programmed interface (MIAPI) is developed using HTML and JavaScript. The module structure of products can be verified via the web-based Internet in VRML format. These simplified assembly models that have fewer constraints allow design project managers to simulate the functioning of the product in the modularized design before the prototype is built. By using the assembly models, customers can easily choose various modules to assemble the exact products they are seeking via the Internet process. A desk lamp model is used as the example for implementation to validate the feasibility of this research.     

Unveiling the hidden bride: deep annotation for mapping and migrating legacy data to the Semantic Web

The success of the Semantic Web crucially depends on the easy creation, integration, and use of semantic data. For this purpose, we consider an integration scenario that defies core assumptions of current metadata construction methods. We describe a framework of metadata creation where Web pages are generated from a database and the database owner is cooperatively participating in the Semantic Web. This leads us to the deep annotation of the database—directly by annotation of the logical database schema or indirectly by annotation of the Web presentation generated from the database contents. From this annotation, one may execute data mapping and/or migration steps, and thus prepare the data for use in the Semantic Web. We consider deep annotation as particularly valid because: (i) dynamic Web pages generated from databases outnumber static Web pages, (ii) deep annotation may be a very intuitive way to create semantic data from a database, and (iii) data from databases should remain where it can be handled most efficiently—in its databases. Interested users can then query this data directly or choose to materialize the data as RDF files.