芥子碱类保护剂辐射保护效应及其机理的研究——一个有实际意义的进展

作者之一曾经研究了油菜等七种十字花科植物提取液予处理大麦和小麦萌芽种子,均能减轻X射线对生长的抑制作用,从中提取纯化得到其有效成分为芥子碱[顾瑞琦,植物生理学报9,307,(1983)],最近又研究了进口的芥子酸~*试剂,其保护效应更加显著。为了研究其保护机理又协同另一作者用ESR分别研究了下述二元体系芥子碱-胸腺嘧啶(1:10),芥子碱-dTMP(1:10),芥子酸-dTMP(1:10)的辐射保护机理。由于芥子碱与咖啡酸同属肉桂酸的衍生物,其77K辐照并测定的ESR波谱也明显显示辐射作用下电子从靶分子向芥子碱或芥子酸的长程转移     

合成芥子酸硫酯衍生物的辐射防护机理研究

为了寻找更有效的辐射损伤防护药,改变已知辐射防护剂芥子碱结构,经3,4,5—三甲氧基苯丙烯酸酰氯和二乙胺基代乙硫醇在碱催化下缩合,新合成了辐射防护药芥子酸硫酯衍生物:3.4,5—三甲氧基苯丙烯酸二乙胺基代乙硫醇酯盐酸盐。用ESR波谱研究表明:其保护机理是电子从靶分子脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷酸(dTMP)及脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)向硫酯保护剂的长程转移。三甲氧基代苯丙烯酸硫醇酯是“潜在硫醇”类新型辐射防护剂,区别于文献熟知的硫代磺酸盐,硫代磷酸酯及硫代乙酸等其他代谢中能释放自由巯基的衍生物,预计芥子酸硫酯类衍生物有较小的毒性,对辐射损伤有防治功能;经小鼠整体抗辐射初步试验:~(60)Coγ射线7.5Gy辐照,用1.5mg/鼠照前预防及照后立即治疗后,预防组及治疗组动物30天中存活率分别比对照组动物提高20％和40％。芥子酸硫酯衍生物不仅对辐射损伤有防护效果,而且还具有增强机体辐射损伤的修复功能。由此推断:芥子酸硫酯类防护药不仅具有抗氧化剂和自由基清除的能力而那样起保护作用,还能通过电子转移保护DNA靶分子并能增强机体的修复能力;本文还报导了新防护药硫酯的质谱、红外及核磁共振光谱。     

氯化胆碱在对小麦的辐射保护作用中无效

前一工作报道存在于十字花科植物中的芥子碱对小麦和元麦有辐射保护作用。芥子碱的水解产物为芥子酸和胆碱。为了探索芥子碱辐射保护作用的有效成分,本文用氯化胆碱预处理小麦萌发种子后用X射线辐照。6天后的生长表明氯化胆碱对小麦萌发种子没有辐射保护作用。     

芥子碱对DNA及其组份电荷转移保护机理的ESR研究

为了探讨对DNA及其组份的电荷转移保护机理,继咖啡酸之后研究了另一个羟基肉桂酸衍生物——芥子碱的保护效应。芥子碱也属于苯基取代不饱和羧酸而且它的电子亲和势与咖啡酸非常接近,但其电离电位(ε_(HOMO):-11.27eV)却明显低于咖啡酸(ε_(HOMO):-11.74eV),因此芥子碱应对DNA呈现更强的保护效应。例如,当DNA—芥子碱二元体系中芥子碱的克分子比明显低于DNA—咖啡酸中咖啡酸的克分子比时低温辐照并测定的ESR波谱以及室温退火后测定的ESR波谱均呈现很强的芥子碱信号,未发现以胸腺嘧啶五位自由基的特征的任何痕迹,说明芥子碱对DNA的保护效应比咖啡酸强。     

芥子酸及其衍生物辐射保护DNA的电子自旋共振研究

将低温获取的电子自旋共振波谱与DNA组分及羟基肉桂酸衍生物的前线轨道能量相关联，依据自旋自DAN向芥子酸及其衍生物的转移效率与核苷酸和后者摩尔比的线性关系揭示混合堆集物中电荷长程传递的证据。     

芥子碱对小鼠辐照后外周血象变化的影响

以芥子碱溶液于辐照前２４ｈ和辐照后３０ｄ内饲喂经Ｘ射线全身辐照的小鼠，剂量为５．８Ｇｙ，剂量率１．１５Ｇｙ／ｍｉｎ。小鼠外周血象指标的观察结果表明，芥子碱能够显著缓解照后小鼠外周血中血小板和白细胞的减少。辐照后饲喂芥子碱能够显著促进外周血中血小板水平的恢复。芥子碱对辐照后血红蛋白的变化没有显著影响。     

羟基肉桂酸衍生物清除超氧阴离子自由基研究

采用脉冲辐解技术，利用竞争动力学方法测定了中性条件下３种羟基肉桂酸衍生物（咖啡酸、阿魏酸和芥子酸）与超氧阴离子自由基的反应速率常数，结合稳态分析，探讨了相应的反应机理。     

氚标记芥子酸乙二胺盐的制备

芥子酸乙二胺盐,是一有效的辐射损伤防护药。为研究此药在动物体内的分布、代谢及作用机理,我们用在氚化溶液中非均相催化同位素交换法,制备了氚标记的芥子酸乙二胺盐。     

伽马射线辐照技术制备石墨烯基功能材料的研究进展

综述了近年来利用伽马射线辐照技术在石墨烯及其衍生物的修饰改性、结构设计及功能应用等方面的研究进展,重点介绍了在液相体系和固相体系中,利用伽马射线辐照诱发的不同化学效应制备石墨烯及功能材料的研究工作,并展望了伽马射线辐照技术在石墨烯基材料研究与应用的发展前景。     

富勒烯单大环多胺衍生物对辐射引起小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用研究

以X射线照射为自由基生成诱因建立了自由基损伤的线粒体模型,考察了具有潜在促排作用的富勒烯单大环多胺衍生物(CA)对射线引起的肝线粒体损伤的保护作用。实验结果表明,辐照可产生很强的自由基,使线粒体氧化受损,表现为线粒体肿胀,发生脂质过氧化反应,产生脂质过氧化物——丙二醛等物质,加入富勒烯单大环多胺衍生物可明显减少受损伤的线粒体肿胀及脂质过氧化物的形成,从而维护线粒体结构和功能的完整性。     

Quantitative analysis of saindha salt using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and cross-validation with ICP-MS

Saindha salt is considered to be more advantageous than the other edible salts for the patients suffering from diabetes,blood pressure and kidney diseases.To explore the constituent elements of this salt,laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) has been exploited for its qualitative and quantitative analysis.The third harmonic(355 nm) of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser has been used to produce the saindha salt plasma and the time integrated optical emission spectra were registered using a set of six miniature spectrometers covering the spectral range of 230-805 nm.The spectroscopic analysis of the emission spectra predominately revealed numerous neutral or singly ionized emission lines of Ca,Mg,Na,K,Fe,Sr,Si,Li and Al.The laser produced plasma was characterized by calculating the electron temperature from the Boltzmann plots and the electron number density from the Stark broadened line profile as a function of laser irradiance and distance from the target sample.The relative concentration of the constituent elements was extracted by the integrated line intensities of the strongest spectral line of each element using the self-calibration-LIBS(SC-LIBS) and one-line calibration free-LIBS(OLCF-LIBS) methods.For cross-validation,the LIBS results have been compared with that obtained from the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy(ICP-MS) showing good agreement.     

Quantitative analysis of uranium in electrorecovery salt of pyroprocessing using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

The amounts of nuclear materials in the Li Cl-KCl salt in pyroprocessing have to be analyzed to prevent the diversion of the nuclear material. An alternative method to the chemical analysis has been pursued, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is one candidate. In the present work, an in situ and quantitative analysis method of electro-recovery(ER) salt was proposed and demonstrated by using LIBS combined with dipstick sampling. Two types of simulated salt samples were prepared: ER salt sample and salt obtained from the dipstick sampling, and pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG) laser with a wavelength of 532 nm was focused on the salt to generate plasma. The plasma emission was measured by using an Echelle spectrometer with a resolution of 0.01 nm in conjunction with an Intensified Charge-Coupled Detector camera. The U and other rare earth peaks in the spectra were identified. The best Limit of Detection and Root Mean Square Error of Calibration of U were 38 ppm and 0.0203 wt%,respectively. Our work shows that the U in the pyroprocessing ER salt can be monitored with LIBS.     

高温原位氟化熔盐红外吸收光谱装置研制

钍基熔盐堆是第四代核能系统的候选堆型之一,熔盐由于优异的传热性能与中子特性,被作为冷却剂和燃料盐载体在堆内运行,其微观结构对其物理化学性质有重大影响,因此,研究熔盐结构对熔盐制备净化、腐蚀控制以及熔盐堆的设计、建造和安全运行都有重要的指导作用。红外吸收光谱(Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy,IR)是研究熔盐结构的有力工具之一,但标准仪器无法实现高温(500oC)熔盐的测量。本研究在解决了样品加热、环境气氛控制以及腐蚀等难题后,研制了一套适用于高温氟化熔盐实验的高温原位红外吸收光谱装置。该装置中,加热炉为左右两开式,可以直接放进标准红外光谱仪样品仓内;样品池为组装式,主体是能够耐氟化熔盐腐蚀的镍基哈氏合金,窗片为单晶Si C或金刚石;样品池整体呈倒"T"型,上端密封盖带有进气口和出气口,可实现抽真空或通惰性气体的操作。该装置可以实现25-600oC温度范围测量,波段范围覆盖近红外和中红外(14 700-400 cm~(-1))。通过使用常温水和高温亚硝酸钠的红外光谱实验对该装置的可靠性进行了验证。利用该装置,我们成功地获得了高温氟锂铍(FLi Be)熔盐的红外吸收光谱。     

Recovery of minor actinides from spent molten salt waste and decontamination of molten salt waste

Recovery of minor actinides from spent molten salt is one of the important issues. Decontamination of spent molten salt waste is also the problem to be solved for establishment of pyrochemical reprocessing. The decontamination method of spent molten salt waste with recovery of minor actinides has been proposed. Our proposed process is based on the hydrometallurgical process. This process consists of the following processes. First, the spent molten salt waste is dissolved in aqueous solution. Next, the minor actinides are recovered by chromatographic techniques using the pyridine resin in the methanolic hydrochloric acid solution. In the last process, the spent molten salt waste is decontaminated by the cation-exchange chromatography. In the present paper, the adsorption behavior of minor actinides, rare earth elements, alkaline earth elements, and alkali metal elements on pyridine resin is reported. The demonstration experiment of the recovery of the minor actinides from simulant spent molten salt waste is also reported.     

从辐照过的钍中分离镤的研究

研究了以１－苯基－３甲基－４－苯甲酰基吡唑啉酮－５（ＰＭＢＰ）和三异辛胺（ＴＩＯＡ）的为萃取剂，盐酸－氢氟酸溶液为反萃剂，从中子辐照过的钍分离纯化镤的一个快速，有效的流程，对流程的一些主要步骤中的分离条件作了研究，以钍的裂变产物为多重示踪剂检验了该流程，得到了主要杂持元素的去法因子，给出了镤的回收率。     

锕系元素-异羟肟酸配合物的研究——Ⅰ.异羟肟酸铀酰配合物的合成及其性质

文章报道了四种异羟肟酸及其铀酰配合物的合成方法。元素分析确定了新配合物的组成,pH滴定法测定了这些配合物的稳定常数,并通过X射线衍射、热重分析、摩尔电导,红外光谱.紫外光谱,核磁共振谱及荧光光谱等,研究了配合物的结构和性质。     

氦气、水和熔盐冷却的混合堆中子学性能研究

氦气、水、熔盐(Flibe)在强磁场中流动不存在严重的MHD问题,因此适合在基于磁约束的聚变-裂变混合堆中作为冷却剂.针对氦气、水、Flibe这3种冷却剂对混合堆包层中子学性能的影响进行研究,分析包层中能谱特点及燃料增殖特性.通过燃耗计算,研究氚增殖率(TBR)、能量倍增因子(M)、keff等随运行时间的变化.中子学输运采用三维蒙特卡罗程序MCNP.计算结果表明,不同的冷却剂对混合堆系统中子能谱影响很大:氦冷系统的能谱最硬,主要发生快中子裂变,氚增殖效果最好;水冷系统的能谱最软,产能最多,但需提高TBR;Flibe冷系统的能谱较硬,产能最少.