基于证据理论的煤矿工人事故倾向预测研究

构建煤矿工人事故倾向预测的层次结构模型。应用证据理论的建模方法,从生理机能、心理机能、认知机能三个方面,对煤矿工人的事故倾向进行预测,并通过实例进行阐述。该方法可以有效地预测煤矿工人的事故倾向,进而为煤矿企业员工选拔和日常管理提供参考依据。     

起重机械作业职业适性心理指标正常值范围的研究

为提供针对性安全教育的依据,达到安全生产、降低事故的目的,采用多种检测仪器对安徽省合肥、淮南、安庆３个城市６００名安全起重机械作业人员进行了职业适性测试,以期建立各工种职业适性心理指标正常值范围。测试结果如下：①起重机械作业人员操纵机能在２５岁以下、２５～２９岁、３０～３４岁、４０岁以上４个年龄组男女性别间均存在统计学差异,眼、手协调性操作时间５个年龄组男女性别间存在差异,误操作次数３５～３９岁和４０岁以上男女性别间存在差异;②检测指标有明显的年龄差异,其上升或下降的年龄在３５～３９岁和４０岁以上年龄组,多出现在４０岁以上年龄组。     

基于不同标注方式医学图谱的眼动实验研究

目的探讨两种不同标注方式医学图谱(文字标注和数字引注)对阅读效率、方式的影响,及其影响因素。方法通过眼动技术和满意度测量来考察阅读和眼动指标。结果 (1)标注方式对图谱阅读指标有影响,反应时间和满意度均存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。(2)标注方式对图谱眼动指标有影响,注视持续时间、注视次数、眼跳幅度、眼跳次数均存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。(3)标注方式对眼动轨迹有影响,文字标注类图谱眼动轨迹较散,数字引注类较集中。结论文字标注类图谱阅读效率较高,满意度较差,阅读目的性不明显;数字引注类图谱阅读效率较低,满意度较高,阅读目的性明显。     

特定作业环境下作业姿势的研究

针对某厂实际生产过程中的铆接工序,研究了作业环境对作业姿势的限制,提出了考虑人因的作业规划,设计了3种人体作业姿势方案.利用人因工程学原则,分别对每种姿势进行了可行性分析;利用人因软件对各方案进行了视觉分析、手的操作范围分析和人体负荷计算.在对各方案综合分析评价的基础上,结合实际生产过程中的设备情况,确定了该力工环境下最优的作业姿势.     

煤矿工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患的干预效果评估

目的评估煤矿工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)健康教育的效果,为制定预防WMSDs的策略、措施提供理论依据。方法干预的538名煤矿工人群体,在时间段2 a内无任何其他同类干预的情况下,分别于2009年10月和2011年7月对该群体横断面整群抽样,并分析干预前后煤矿工人对WMSDs的认知和态度的变化,以及WMSDs患病率的改变。结果干预后与干预前相比,工人在WMSDs的认知和态度方面皆有改善(P<0.05)。任意部位WMSDs的年患病率在干预前、干预3个月后以及干预后21个月分别为78.3%,64.1%和73.7%(P<0.05)。其中,掘进区工人腰部WMSDs的年患病率下降明显,分别为70.8%、35.0%和54.5%(P<0.05)。煤矿工人根据干预措施采纳程度不同分为"全部采纳"组和"几乎无采纳"组,两组在主观回答WMSDs的防治效果上是不同的(P<0.05)。结论干预措施对掘进区工人腰部WMSDs患病率降低效果明显。在煤矿行业实施针对性的职业健康教育,使工人对WMSDs的"知和信"两方面都有改善,并能长期降低工人任意部位WMSDs的年患病率。因此,在我国针对煤矿行业WMSDs采取健康教育是一种经济有效的干预措施,应长期推广。     

刍议煤矿采掘作业中粉尘污染及治理

煤矿井下粉尘污染既是一个劳动保护问题,也是一个环境保护问题。文章根据煤矿井下采掘粉尘的特性及其危害和对井下空气污染的状况,详细分析了煤矿井下的主要尘源和尘量分布。提出针对井下采掘各产尘源的治理措施。并对煤矿井下的防尘管理做了科学的展望。通过对粉尘污染的治理,改善煤矿工人的作业环境,实现清洁生产,降低矿工职业病发病率,提高煤矿生产效益和经济效益。     

小井眼开窗侧钻及偏心钻头扩眼技术在国外某油田的应用

随着对油气资源开发力度的不断深入,国外某油田在生产过程中出现了一批低产、报废及关停井,直接影响油气采收率。小井眼开窗侧钻技术具有单井费用低、规模要求小等优势,是老油田盘活低产井、停产井、报废井的重要手段。中海油服对国外某油田首次完成FQ-19S井6-5/8"尾管开窗侧钻定向井作业。该文以FQ-19S井为例,针对小井眼开窗容易卡钻、井眼轨迹控制难度大及下入4.5"尾管阻卡风险高等技术难点,采取小井眼开窗工艺、定向段轨迹控制、偏心钻头扩眼及固井工艺等技术措施,有效避免了复杂情况的发生,降低了同类井作业风险,证明了小井眼应用具有一定的推广价值。     

产品造型设计决策过程中的眼动机制研究

目的不同专业背景用户在设计决策中往往会出现冲突和差异,为进一步理清该差异产生的生理机制,对产品设计决策过程中的眼动轨迹进行研究。方法采用眼动追踪方法,选取重要眼动指标,以学生专业背景和设计作品完成程度为自变量,通过卡方分析和重复测量方差,对设计决策过程中的眼动机制进行研究。专业差异会对产品决策过程的眼动轨迹产生显著影响,作品完成程度同样对眼动相关指标有显著影响,且与专业背景具有交互作用。结论不同专业背景的用户在产品决策时的关注点不同,是造成决策冲突的重要原因,从眼动追踪的角度对这一现象提供了新的解释依据。     

大学生网页浏览的眼动行为及影响因素研究

本文研究大学生浏览网页的眼动行为及影响因素,为网页设计提供借鉴。共34名大学生参加了实验。被试随机浏览六幅静态网页,每幅浏览时间10 s,利用眼动仪记录其眼动行为,指标为注视点时间和区域分布。结果表明:被试整体的注视点时间分布稳定,注视点时间集中在60m s~400m s之间;被试在浏览网页时存在明显的区域偏好,其偏好顺序为中-左上-右上与左下-右下;男性被试的平均注视点时间比女性被试要短;不同类型网页的注视点平均时间有显著差异。     

浅析煤矿安全生产的天敌——违章指挥

文中从数据上对今年来发生的煤矿事故进行简要分析,总结出违章指挥才是安全生产真正的隐患,并指出违章指挥存在的形式、造成的危害以及防治措施,呼吁煤矿职工正确行使权利,自觉抵制违章指挥,从而杜绝违章作业,实现安全生产。     

Investigating gig workers’ commitment to crowdsourced logistics platforms: Fair employment and social exchange perspectives

Crowdsourced logistics is developing rapidly during and post COVID-19. As key workers of crowdsourced logistics, gig workers' commitment is essential for the sustainable development of gig platforms. Drawing from the social exchange paradigm and organisational identification, this study explores how the five principles of Fairwork provided by crowdsourced logistics platforms (i.e., fair representation, fair management, fair conditions, fair contracts, fair pay) contribute to gig workers' organisational identification, which subsequently influences career satisfaction and career commitment. The study gathered 177 responses from gig workers in Singapore in July 2022. The structural equation modelling findings suggest that factors such as fair conditions, fair pay, fair representation, fair management, and fair contracts have substantial impacts on organisational identification. Moreover, the link between organisational identification and career commitment is partially mediated by career satisfaction. Overall, this study enriches the literature by proposing a suitable theoretical model to explain gig workers' commitment to crowdsourced logistics platforms. Moreover, the empirical results provide implications on the understanding of gig workers’ concerns for gig platforms, as well as policy suggestions for the maintenance of gig workers in the future.     

煤矿工人异常心理、工作倦怠与事故倾性研究

为探讨煤矿工人的异常心理、工作倦怠与事故倾向之间的关系,采用SCL-90量表、工作倦怠量表和事故倾向(受伤次数)问卷,对1 500名煤矿工人进行心理测评和调查。结果说明,煤矿工人的异常心理与事故倾向、工作倦怠与事故倾向、异常心理与工作倦怠均呈正相关,且影响煤矿工人异常心理的重要因素是工作倦怠、受伤次数和工龄。因此,煤矿安全生产管理中应重视工人的心理健康和工作倦怠问题。     

Quality Control Measurement of an Engineering Productivity Index

In the business community, it has become critical that companies know how productive their engineers are. Organizations find it very difficult to measure the productivity of their knowledge workers (e.g., engineers) because their work output is cognitive. Because the nature of the work is “thinking” or “knowledge application,” which brings important ideas and breakthroughs to organizations, this challenging task must be undertaken. Quality control (QC) charts were used to measure cognitive indexes of a group of knowledge workers, working engineers. These statistical process control charts measured previously developed cognitive indexes. The QC chart components were created from a representative group of working engineers, and then another sample of engineers were tracked over time for out-of-control run patterns. The results indicate that the cognitive behavior index would show out-of-control patterns for low productivity engineers. Substantial performance improvements are possible for engineers, resulting in cost savings from reduced negative turnover and lowered productivity giving better returns on engineering salaries.     

Proceedings Reviews

Abstract:

Coordination has been regarded as a critical factor of construction projects, but it is usually not well understood. It is common that time and money are spent on coordination, yet the performance is not as expected. This article studies the coordination needs and supply of construction projects. First, coordination needs were derived from work uncertainty and equivocality (U&;E), and supply was offered by different methods engineers use to coordinate. Then ten subway construction projects were investigated. A questionnaire was modified to quantify the project U&;E, and a time sheet designed to collect contractor engineers' work time allocated in nine coordination methods. Finally, how actual coordination time distribution met the needs and their relationships with performance were analyzed. The results indicate that the project performance is not related to the level of U&;E. In the nine coordination methods of the studied projects, site visit took up the most time (23%), followed by correspondence (20.5%) and meetings (13%). Projects with good performance applied adequate oral or written coordination mainly based on work equivocality.     

通道式微混合器的设计及性能

利用计算流体力学和数字图像处理技术,研究"Y"型通道式微混合器的结构及混合性能,分析了混合器结构尺寸和流动条件对混合过程的影响.数值模拟结果表明,在混合通道入口夹角为60°、通道宽度为200μm、注入速度为0.02 m/s的流动条件下,可以取得比较满意的混合效果.利用数值模拟对比了扭曲通道混合器、导流块和直通道结构对混合过程的影响,结果表明使用导流块可以显著提高混合效果.依照模拟计算结果,设计并用MEMS工艺制作了双侧壁有内肋块的通道式微混合器,并进行了流体混合实验,观测了混合过程.拍摄混合实验图像,对比标准浓度-图像灰度关系曲线后识别出拍摄点混合指数.识别计算的结果也证实了所设计混合器性能上的优越性.最后对实验结果误差进行了分析,说明了误差来源并给出了相应的改进措施.     

The Hatra ballista: a secret weapon of the past?

The mechanics and experimental work concerned with ancient catapults powered by torsion springs is described. Mathematical models are proposed both for the earlier Greek palintone, or stone thrower, and a supposedly more powerful machine based on the conjectured form of a notable find in the ruins of Hatra, a town in Iraq sacked in AD 241. For each of these machines an energy method is formulated together with differential equations governing their performance. Using a moment function derived in earlier work and allowing for internal friction, we solve the equations by numerical integration, assuming rigid straight arms and an inextensible sling. The ranges of projectiles launched from these machines are predicted, and the results are compared with observed ranges produced from physical models. Good agreement with experiment is found, confirming the superiority of the Hatra machine which is also more mechanically efficient. Comparison with some results of other workers on the bow is appropriate. In the course of this study it is found that the previously derived nonlinear relation between moment and angular displacement of a torsion spring gives much closer agreement between theory and experiment than a linear relation that was conjectured earlier.     

Understanding the advisor–advisee relationship via scholarly data analysis

Advisor–advisee relationship is important in academic networks due to its universality and necessity. Despite the increasing desire to analyze the career of newcomers, however, the outcomes of different collaboration patterns between advisors and advisees remain unknown. The purpose of this paper is to find out the correlation between advisors’ academic characteristics and advisees’ academic performance in Computer Science. Employing both quantitative and qualitative analysis, we find that with the increase of advisors’ academic age, advisees’ performance experiences an initial growth, follows a sustaining stage, and finally ends up with a declining trend. We also discover the phenomenon that accomplished advisors can bring up skilled advisees. We explore the conclusion from two aspects: (1) Advisees mentored by advisors with high academic level have better academic performance than the rest; (2) Advisors with high academic level can raise their advisees’ h-index ranking. This work provides new insights on promoting our understanding of the relationship between advisors’ academic characteristics and advisees’ performance, as well as on advisor choosing.     

含半不稳定边臂配体的钛配合物催化丙交酯聚合

聚乳酸类材料作为可生物降解性材料具有广阔的应用前景。设计、合成了6种含半不稳定边臂的希夫碱配体L1—L6,并与钛酸四异丙酯络合合成相应的6种配合物C1—C6,配合物的结构和化学组成经元素分析、红外测试确定。将其作为催化剂催化丙交酯开环聚合,以催化剂C1为考察对象,系统研究了催化剂用量、温度、时间对聚合反应的影响,发现当单体与催化剂配比为2 000,温度为160℃,反应24h时,聚合产率最高,达90.35%,聚合物分子量达8.41×104。在上述优化条件下,比较了催化剂C1—C6的活性,结果表明催化剂活性按以下顺序递减:C6C4C3C1C2C5,同时,催化剂中心金属钛原子周围位阻相对稍小,配体中含配位能力较弱的半不稳定O边臂均有利于提高催化剂的活性。     

The impact of the amount of work in process on the use of cross-training

Cross-training is becoming increasingly important to firms in order to cope with the more stringent performance requirements they are faced with in today's market. However, many firms put considerable effort into cross-training their workers only to find out that their workers favour the familiar tasks and hardly use and maintain the newly acquired skills. In this paper we explore the hypothesis that reducing the amount of work in process in a constant work in process (CONWIP) controlled job shop with worker preferences forces workers to make a more balanced use of the skills they possess. We test this hypothesis by means of a simulation study with the level of cross-training as moderating variable. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the control and limitation of the amount of work in process breaks the pattern of workers remaining at their preferred machines and constrains the workers to use and maintain their other skills more.     

Digital skills and extrinsic rewards in late career

Using data from a large-scale Annual Social Survey of Israel's CBS, the current study investigates the correlation between digital skills and extrinsic rewards among late career employees (ages 45 and older) in the Israeli context. Applying signaling theory, we conceptualize digital skills as signals of competence and suitability to the firm among older workers who have been employed a relatively short period of time in their current workplace. Using warranting theory we conceptualize digital skills as warrants among older workers who have been employed in their position for a longer period but nevertheless wish to demonstrate ongoing productivity. Digital skills were positively correlated with income among both groups of late career employees. These skills were also positively associated with exclusive fringe benefits from the workplace (i.e., company car, cellphone from work, and stocks or shares in the workplace) only among those who worked 5 years and more in the current workplace. The correlation between digital skills and standard benefits from the workplace (employer's payments to pension plan, study fund etc.) was insignificant among both groups of late employees.