InP材料直接键合技术

研究了InP/InP的直接键合技术,给出了详细的InP/InP键合样品的电特性随健合工艺条件变化的数据,在低于650℃的键合温度下实现了InP/InP大面积的均匀直接键合,获得了与单晶InP衬底相同的电特性和机械强度.在器件的键合实验中也获得了成功,在InGaAsP/InP多量子阱激光器结构的外延面上键合p-InP衬底后制作的激光器激射特性良好.     

键合法制备硅基1.55μm InP-InGaAsP量子阱激光器

在硅基上成功地制备出了1.55μm InP-InGaAsP量子阱激光器.设计并生长了适合于键合的量子阱激光器结构材料,通过直接键合技术,将Si衬底与InP-InGaAsP外延片键合到一起.剥离去掉InP衬底后,在5～6μm的薄膜上制备出20μm条形边发射激光器.室温下,阈值电流160mA(电流密度为2.7kA/cm2),功率可达10mW以上(在约350mA电流下),实现了1.55μm长波长边发射激光器与Si的集成.目前,该结果国际上还未见报道.     

键合法制备硅基1.55μm InP-InGaAsP量子阱激光器

在硅基上成功地制备出了1.55μm InP-InGaAsP量子阱激光器.设计并生长了适合于键合的量子阱激光器结构材料,通过直接键合技术,将Si衬底与InP-InGaAsP外延片键合到一起.剥离去掉InP衬底后,在5～6μm的薄膜上制备出20μm条形边发射激光器.室温下,阈值电流160mA(电流密度为2.7kA/cm2),功率可达10mW以上(在约350mA电流下),实现了1.55μm长波长边发射激光器与Si的集成.目前,该结果国际上还未见报道.     

硅基键合InP-InGaAsP量子阱连续激光器的研制

采用键合技术在Si基上制备了InP-InGaAsP量子阱激光器,实现了电注入室温连续工作.采用低温直接键合的方法,将Si衬底和InP-InGaAsP外延片键合在一起,并制成条宽6μm的脊波导边发射激光器.室温连续工作的1.55μm激光器阈值电流为48mA,对应的阈值电流密度和微分电阻分别为2.13kA/cm2和5.8Ω,在约220mA时输出光功率达15mW.     

硅基键合InP-InGaAsP量子阱连续激光器的研制

采用键合技术在Si基上制备了InP-InGaAsP量子阱激光器,实现了电注入室温连续工作.采用低温直接键合的方法,将Si衬底和InP-InGaAsP外延片键合在一起,并制成条宽6μm的脊波导边发射激光器.室温连续工作的1.55μm激光器阈值电流为48mA,对应的阈值电流密度和微分电阻分别为2.13kA/cm2和5.8Ω,在约220mA时输出光功率达15mW.     

基于硫化物表面处理的InP/GaAs低温晶片键合

提出一种新的基于硫化物表面处理的InP/GaAs低温晶片键合技术.在360℃的退火温度下,获得了1.2MPa的键合强度.基于这种低温键合技术,可将外延生长在InP衬底上的In0.53Ga0.47As/InP多量子阱(MQW)键合并转移到GaAs衬底上.X射线衍射表明量子阱的结构未受键合过程的影响.光致发光谱分析表明键合后量子阱的晶体质量略有改善.电流电压特性的测试表明n-InP/n-InP的键合界面具有良好的导电特性;在n-InP/n-GaAs 的键合界面存在着电荷势垒,这主要是由于键合界面存在GaAs氧化物薄层所致.     

基于硫化物表面处理的InP/GaAs低温晶片键合

提出一种新的基于硫化物表面处理的InP/GaAs低温晶片键合技术．在360℃的退火温度下，获得了1.2MPa的键合强度．基于这种低温键合技术，可将外延生长在InP衬底上的In0.53Ga0.47As/InP多量子阱（MQW）键合并转移到GaAs衬底上．X射线衍射表明量子阱的结构未受键合过程的影响．光致发光谱分析表明键合后量子阱的晶体质量略有改善．电流电压特性的测试表明n-InP/n-InP的键合界面具有良好的导电特性；在n-InP/n-GaAs的键合界面存在着电荷势垒，这主要是由于键合界面存在GaAs氧化物薄层所致．     

基于Au/Au直接键合的高亮度ODRLED

提出利用Au/Au直接键合制作高亮度全方位反光镜(ODR)LED的新工艺。工艺采用Si做转移衬底,氧化铟锡(ITO)做窗口层和缓冲层,在0.35mPa压力,260°C的低温下实现Au/Au固相直接键合。直接键合后,Al-GaInP有源区与Si衬底结合牢固完整,保证了全方位反光镜的性能。在正向电流20mA下,键合ODR结构LED的正向压降是常规吸收衬底LED的80%,光输出功率和流明效率是常规吸收衬底LED的1.5倍和2.1倍。     

晶片键合在AlGaInP发光二极管中的应用

(AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P高亮度发光二极管是在GaAs衬底上匹配外延的，它的外量子效率受限于吸收光线的GaAs衬底。LED晶片键合技术可以把LED外延片和GaP透明衬底、金属镜面衬底或蓝宝石衬底结合以提高出光效率。本文对上述三种晶片键合的器件制备过程和器件特点进行了描述。     

InP/GaAs材料和器件的直接键合

采用三步法在GaAs衬底上实现InP材料的键合,通过X-射线光电子谱(XPS)对样品键合界面进行化学价态和深度分布分析.结果表明,键合温度小于450℃时,样品界面主要由三维氢键网络组成;大于450℃时界面处发生互扩散,Ⅴ族元素主要在界面处富集,而Ⅲ族元素具有较深的扩散.因此提出界面层以InGaAs、InGaP为主,这种界面化学态的变化对样品的Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性和键合强度都具有实质意义的影响,同时由于异质结带阶的存在,要获得良好的电学性质和强度,键合温度并不是越高越好,而是存在一个最佳温度.最后,在GaAs衬底上成功地键合了InGaAs/InP光电探测器.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.