大米淀粉-脂质复合物的制备工艺的研究

为确定加热搅拌法制备大米淀粉-脂质复合物的最佳工艺条件,以不同种大米为原料,以复合指数为参考指标,研究了大米淀粉-脂质复合物的制备工艺中不同大米原料、脂肪酸用量、反应温度、搅拌时间对复合物的影响。通过单因素及正交试验确定了最佳制备工艺条件为:原料使用桂朝大米、脂肪酸用量4%、反应温度90℃、搅拌时间30 min。     

高压均质制备玉米淀粉-脂质复合物及其性质研究

研究一种利用高压均质技术制备玉米淀粉-脂质复合物的工艺,并对其热特性质进行研究。以玉米淀粉和脂肪酸为原料,对工艺中脂肪酸种类及添加量、高压均质压力、高压均质次数和糊化预处理温度等因素进行单因素试验,在此基础上进行正交优化。试验确定脂肪酸种类为硬脂酸,得到最佳制备工艺条件为:硬脂酸添加量0.5%,高压均质压力100 MPa,高压均质次数3次,糊化预处理温度95℃。玉米淀粉-脂质复合物的复合指数达72%。     

棕榈酸-玉米淀粉复合物的制备及糊化性质研究

实验优化了一种制备玉米淀粉复合物的工艺,并对其糊化性质进行研究。实验以玉米淀粉和脂肪酸为原料,对工艺中脂肪酸种类及添加量、反应温度、反应时间等4个因素进行单因素实验,在此基础上进行正交优化。实验确定脂肪酸种类为棕榈酸,得到最佳制备工艺条件为脂肪酸添加量为0.5%,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为35min,玉米淀粉复合物的复合指数达到71%。     

淀粉链/支比和脂肪酸链长对淀粉-脂肪酸复合物结晶结构的影响

为研究淀粉和脂肪酸分子结构对淀粉-脂肪酸复合行为的影响,以不同链/支比玉米淀粉和不同链长脂肪酸为复合对象,采用紫外分光光度计和X-射线衍射仪分别测定了不同复合条件、脂肪酸链长及淀粉链/支比对淀粉-脂肪酸复合指数(CI)及淀粉结晶结构的影响。实验结果表明,随着反应时间的延长、反应温度的升高,淀粉-脂肪酸的CI值呈先上升后下降趋势,反应温度80℃时达到44.67%,反应时间30 min时达到30.45%;随着脂肪酸添加量的增加,淀粉-脂肪酸的CI值达到最大值(46.01%)后趋于平衡。脂肪酸碳链越长,淀粉-脂肪酸的CI值越大,同时形成更加完全的V型结晶结构;随着直链淀粉含量的增加,CI值也呈上升趋势,复合物中保留更完整的淀粉结晶结构。以上淀粉-脂肪酸复合过程中结晶结构的形成特点可为淀粉-脂肪酸复合物在健康食品开发应用提供参考。     

红豆淀粉-脂质复合物结构及体外消化性质

将红豆淀粉与棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸4 种脂肪酸复合,采用微波处理淀粉后,使用水浴加热方法制备红豆淀粉-脂质复合物,利用扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱及X射线衍射探讨复合物的结构变化,并测定复合物的体外消化特性。结果表明,在扫描电子显微镜下观察,与对照红豆淀粉相比,红豆淀粉-脂质复合物的体积增大,表面凹凸不平。差示扫描量热分析结果表明红豆淀粉只有单一峰,而复合物有3 个峰,证明复合物是由I型和II型复合物共同构成;糊化起始温度、峰值温度、结束温度均升高,说明加入脂肪酸抑制了淀粉的糊化;热焓随着脂肪酸碳链长度及不饱和度的增加而增大,热焓的增加可能与抗性淀粉的形成有关。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析结果表明复合物形成,氢键的增加可能使抗性淀粉含量增多。复合物产生了V型结晶结构的衍射角,晶体特性发生改变,证明了复合物的存在,添加棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸形成复合物的特征峰强度明显高于添加亚油酸形成复合物的特征峰强度,随着V型特征峰强度的增加,抗性淀粉含量增多。复合物的快速消化淀粉质量分数降低、缓慢消化淀粉及抗性淀粉质量分数升高,抗消化性随着脂肪酸碳链长度的增加及不饱和度的增加而降低。4 种脂肪酸对红豆淀粉结构及体外消化影响不同,其中,以棕榈酸的影响效果最为显著。本实验可为淀粉-脂质复合物的结构性质及其在抗性淀粉的应用提供参考依据。     

大米淀粉-甘油单棕榈酸酯复合物的制备及其老化性质研究

目的 为了减缓大米淀粉在加工过程中的老化,延长大米淀粉制品的货架期,制备具有抗老化效果的大米淀粉-甘油单棕榈酸酯复合物。方法 以复合指数为评价指标,通过单因素及响应面试验对复合物制备工艺中甘油单棕榈酸酯添加量、复合温度和复合时间进行优化,对大米淀粉及最优条件下制备的大米淀粉-甘油单棕榈酸酯复合物的溶解度、膨胀度、冻融稳定性和糊化特性进行了测定。结果 试验得到的最佳制备工艺参数为：甘油单棕榈酸酯添加量5%、复合温度80 ℃、复合时间30 min。同时与大米淀粉相比,大米淀粉-甘油单棕榈酸酯复合物的溶解度、膨胀度、冻融稳定性、糊化特征参数均呈下降趋势,其中冻融后复合物的析水率下降了35.62%。 X衍射结果表明,复合物的晶型由A型向V型转变。结论 大米淀粉-甘油单棕榈酸酯复合在一定程度上可延缓淀粉老化。     

脂肪酸对大米淀粉热特性及质构品质影响的研究

为了解脂肪酸加入大米淀粉后对淀粉的热特性及质构品质的影响,以桂朝大米为原料,用加热糊化的办法将硬脂酸和油酸两种脂肪酸与其复合,制成大米淀粉——脂质复合物,研究不同脂肪酸添加量对大米淀粉的热性质和质构品质的影响。通过DSC和质构仪发现:脂肪酸的添加使淀粉的糊化温度降低,弹性和咀嚼度值变大,硬度和黏附性值减小,改善了大米淀粉的热性质和质构品质;且当添加量为4%时,效果最佳。     

锥栗直链淀粉-脂肪酸复合物的溶胀、酶解与糊特性

研究了锥栗直链淀粉与己酸、葵酸、硬脂酸复合物的溶胀、酶解与糊特性。试验结果表明:锥栗直链淀粉-脂肪酸复合物的形成能降低其溶解度与膨胀度;在同一温度下制备的锥栗直链淀粉-脂肪酸复合物的溶解度和膨胀度均随脂肪酸链的增长而降低,在不同温度下制备同种脂肪酸与锥栗直链淀粉的复合物,其溶解度与膨胀度则随制备温度升高而下降;与锥栗直链淀粉比,锥栗直链淀粉-脂肪酸复合物的抗酶解性、抗老化性、抗剪切性、冻融稳定性和凝沉稳定性均随复合率升高而增强。     

锥栗直链淀粉-脂肪酸复合物的结构特性

以自制锥栗直链淀粉为原料,利用DMSO水溶法在3种不同结晶温度下(30、60、90℃)制备己酸、葵酸、硬脂酸的直链淀粉-脂肪酸复合物,并对其结构特性进行了研究。试验结果表明:与锥栗直链淀粉比较,锥栗直链淀粉-脂肪酸复合物的吸水率、碘亲合力、蓝值、微晶比例与结晶度都下降;就己酸、葵酸、硬脂酸而言,较长的链长或较高的温度均有利于复合物的形成与稳定;锥栗直链淀粉-脂肪酸复合物属于典型的V型晶体,且它们的微晶比例、结晶度与脂肪酸性质有关,同一温度下制备的不同脂肪酸复合物,其微晶比例与结晶度均随脂肪酸碳链增长而降低;同种脂肪酸与锥栗直链淀粉形成的复合物,其微晶比例与结晶度则随复合物形成温度升高而降低。     

锥栗直链淀粉-脂肪酸复合物的热特性

以自制锥栗直链淀粉为原料,利用DMSO水溶法分别在60℃和90℃的结晶温度下制备己酸、葵酸、硬脂酸的直链淀粉-脂肪酸复合物,并对其热特性进行了研究。结果表明:与锥栗直链淀粉相比,各种锥栗直链淀粉-脂肪酸复合物的糊化温度与糊化焓、热裂解温度与裂解焓均有不同程度的升高,而其回生焓与回生度、凝固点与玻璃化转变温度却变低,且前者随其复合率的增大而增高,而后者随其复合率的增高而降低。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the