抗氧化剂对胡麻油煎炸品质的影响

以胡麻油为原料,通过添加丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、维生素C和没食子酸丙酯(PG)3种抗氧化剂,测定油炸后胡麻油酸价、过氧化值、碘值的变化,研究抗氧化剂对胡麻油煎炸品质的影响.结果表明:抗氧化剂种类及含量对胡麻油煎炸过程中酸价、过氧化值、碘值均有影响.以胡麻油质量为基准,最优抗氧化剂配方为BHA添加量0.015％、维生素...     

亚麻籽油和棕榈液油煎炸油条过程中的品质变化

为了获得亚麻籽油的最适煎炸条件,在（180±5） ℃下,以GB 2716—2018中规定极性化合物含量达到27%为煎炸终点,对亚麻籽油和棕榈液油在油条连续煎炸过程中理化指标进行检测和比较,同时对油条进行感官评定。结果表明：在连续煎炸油条过程中,两种植物油的酸值、总氧化值、极性化合物及聚合物含量均随着煎炸时间的延长而不断增加,但在4 h以内,亚麻籽油极性化合物含量较低;亚麻籽油的极性化合物含量在煎炸13 h后达到27.78%,而棕榈液油的极性化合物含量在煎炸18 h后达到27.27%;相较于棕榈液油,在油条煎炸过程中,亚麻籽油中多不饱和脂肪酸含量不断减少,尤其是α-亚麻酸下降幅度更大;亚麻籽油140 ℃下的氧化诱导期均在1 h以内,远低于棕榈液油;油条感官评定表明棕榈液油更适宜于油条煎炸。研究表明亚麻籽油适合短时（<4 h）高温煎炸,不建议长时间深度煎炸。     

进口精炼棕榈液油密度差异对计重的影响

植物油密度是计算植物油质量的重要参数,运用数理统计方法,研究了进口精炼棕榈液油装货港计量密度与实验室计量密度差异对植物油计重的影响。结果表明：一些进口精炼棕榈液油装货港计量密度与实验室计量密度存在显著差异,在相同温度下其装货港计量密度比实验室计量密度高出0.3%以上,导致实到货物质量比船方计量质量短缺0.3%以上。针对密度虚高引起的进口植物油短重现象,提出了改进措施与建议。     

蔗糖酯对超级棕榈液油储藏过程中耐寒性的影响

为改善油脂储藏过程中的耐寒性,利用添加不同类型且不同量的蔗糖酯对超级棕榈液油在20℃储藏过程中其耐寒性的变化进行研究.耐寒性以样品在20℃储藏过程中的5℃冷冻试验时间、透明度和20℃储藏黏度的变化进行评判.结果表明:长碳链饱和脂肪酸棕榈酸和硬脂酸型蔗糖酯显著缩短了超级棕榈液油的5℃冷冻试验时间,长碳链不饱和脂肪酸油酸型蔗糖酯可明显延长超级棕榈液油的5℃冷冻试验时间(P＜0.05),而中碳链脂肪酸月桂酸型蔗糖酯和混合脂肪酸(棕榈酸、硬脂酸和油酸)型蔗糖酯也可延长超级棕榈液油的5℃冷冻试验时间,但其同时引起储藏过程中超级棕榈液油透明度的明显下降(P＜0.05);不同类型蔗糖酯对超级棕榈液油20℃恒温储藏过程中的黏度无显著影响(P＞0.05).     

棕榈液油在调和油中应用研究

将熔点18℃棕榈液油分别与大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油和葵花籽油进行调配,得出不同季节条件下最佳调配比例;结果表明,棕榈液油作为一种调和油原料油,在春、夏、秋季均能应用于食用调和油。     

大豆卵磷脂对超级棕榈液油氧化稳定性的影响

分析了不同比例大豆卵磷脂加入到超级棕榈液油中油脂过氧化值的变化情况,以期研究大豆卵磷脂在超级棕榈液油中的抗氧化性能。采用Schaal烘箱加速氧化法研究了大豆卵磷脂对超级棕榈液油过氧化值的影响;根据Arrhenius经验公式,推测其保质期;并利用Rancimat法测试氧化诱导期。研究表明:大豆卵磷脂对超级棕榈液油的抗氧化能力有剂量效应关系,随着大豆卵磷脂浓度的增加,体系反应活化能增加,氧化反应速率降低,与空白油样相比,添加1.00%大豆卵磷脂,其体系的反应活化能增加5.84 k J/mol。根据推测的公式计算出20℃下,体系初始过氧化值为1 meq/kg时的保质期,添加1.00%大豆卵磷脂,超级棕榈液油的保质期可以增加7个月。根据诱导期计算抗氧化系数,其值介于1~2之间,说明大豆卵磷脂具有较好的抗氧化能力,是一种优良的天然抗氧化剂。      

日照口岸进口棕榈液油有毒有害物质风险分析及对策

目的 保障我国进口棕榈油的卫生安全,保证棕榈油的公平贸易.方法 检测2005年2006年6月从日照口岸进口的110批次、32万吨棕榈液油中有毒有害物质的含量,分析检测结果.结果 进口棕榈液油的主要卫生问题是铅和游离脂肪酸超标.马来西亚产棕榈液油铅含量明显高于印度尼西亚产的.结论 进口棕榈液油有毒有害物质检验重点在一定时期内应放在重金属和化学毒物两个方面.     

茶多酚棕榈酸酯对棕榈油抗冻性和煎炸稳定性的影响

为了对棕榈煎炸油的开发提供参考,以不同茶多酚棕榈酸酯(抗氧化剂)添加量的分提18℃棕榈油为煎炸油,通过10℃和15℃冷冻试验中煎炸油(茶多酚棕榈酸酯含量分别为0、50、80、100、150、200、300 mg/kg)晶体微量析出时间和发朦时间的变化,以及180℃下薯条煎炸过程中煎炸油酸值、p-茴香胺值、总氧化值、色泽、脂肪酸组成、极性组分含量和3-氯丙醇酯含量的变化,分析了茶多酚棕榈酸酯对棕榈油抗冻性和煎炸稳定性的影响。结果表明：棕榈油的发朦时间与抗氧化剂的添加量整体呈阶梯增长的关系,尤其在15℃条件下,其抗冻性在茶多酚棕榈酸酯含量为50 mg/kg和150 mg/kg时明显增强;煎炸油的酸值、p-茴香胺值、总氧化值、脂肪酸组成、极性组分含量与茶多酚棕榈酸酯添加量无相关性;添加茶多酚棕榈酸酯的棕榈油在煎炸后的色泽均比空白组深;3-氯丙醇酯在煎炸初期降解剧烈,后期降解缓慢,最终趋于平缓,与抗氧化剂的添加量无相关性。总之,向棕榈油中添加茶多酚棕榈酸酯可以明显提高其抗冻性,茶多酚棕榈酸酯含量为50 mg/kg或150 mg/kg时,其抗冻性改进效果最为明显,但是并不能有效提升煎炸油的煎炸稳...     

大豆油调和不同熔点棕榈液油的冷藏试验

为了制备适应不同储存温度的豆油-棕榈液油调和油,以大豆油与不同熔点棕榈液油为原料,采用冷藏试验方法优化抑晶剂种类、用量和调和油配方。结果表明,羟基硬脂精是效果最佳的抑晶剂,其最佳添加量为0.025%;调和油1(豆油70%+10℃棕榈油30% +羟基硬脂精0.025%)在0℃环境下储存可保持16h以上澄清透亮,在5℃条件可保持72h以上澄清透亮;调和油2(豆油70%+18℃棕榈油30%+羟基硬脂精0.025%)在10℃环境下可保持30h以上澄清透亮;调和油3(豆油60%+18℃棕榈油40%+羟基硬脂精0.025%)在15℃环境下可保持20h以上澄清透亮;调和油4(豆油60%+24℃棕榈油40%+羟基硬脂精0.025%)在20℃环境下可保持10h以上澄清透亮。     

边滤对棕榈油煎炸品质的影响

分析了过滤过程中添加滤油粉对棕榈油煎炸品质的影响。实验表明,滤油粉可使深度煎炸的油脂透光率明显升高,能在一定程度上延长棕榈油的氧化稳定时间;在煎炸过程中适当使用滤油粉,可在一定程度上延长棕榈油的使用时间;但滤油粉不能使深度煎炸的棕榈油品质发生显著的改变。     

Comparison of the stability of palm olein and a palm olein/canola oil blend during deep‐fat frying of chicken nuggets and French fries

Stability of palm olein (PO) and a blend 50% palm olein/50% canola oil (POC) during deep‐fat frying at 180 °C of French fries (FF) or chicken nuggets (CN) was studied through the determination of physical and chemical parameters in the fresh and used oils. Degradation at the end of the study resulted in total polar compounds of 12–13.5% for PO and 11.5–14.5% for POC and viscosity of 65–123.3 cP for PO and 63–72.8 cP for POC. Lower peroxide values (5.33–6.32) were obtained for the blend (PO had 5.21–8.55). Food type affected colour parameters and p‐anisidine value of the oils. For CN, the lowest fat content and higher hardness were obtained when they were fried in PO. CN caused a faster deterioration in the oils, in comparison with FF, especially in POC. Gas chromatography allowed to observe differences in fatty acids composition for both used oils.     

Physicochemical characteristics of soybean oil, palm kernel olein, and their binary blends

Soybean oil (SBO), palm kernel olein (PKO) and their binary blends (containing 5–40% PKO) were studied for their physicochemical characteristics. Decreases in band absorbencies of the resultant Fourier transform infrared spectra were observed in regions attributable to vibrations of the functional groups of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly the =C–H cis stretching at 3009 cm⁻¹and –C=C cis stretching at 1657 cm⁻¹. The solid fat content was measurable in the blends containing 15–40% PKO at 5 and 10 °C, ranging within 4–20% and 2–13%, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry melting curve for SBO exhibited more complex transition peaks, suggesting a     polymorphic transformation when compared with PKO with a simpler     . Blending of SBO with PKO reduced the complexity caused by the polymorphic transformation, featuring the endotherms that only related to the β' fat crystals.     

隔膜压滤机在棕榈油干法分提中的应用

隔膜压滤机用于棕榈油分提过程的固液分离,在过滤完成后,通过压缩介质(水或空气等)依靠隔膜对滤饼压榨、挤干.采用隔膜压滤机,棕榈硬脂硬度提高、棕榈液油得率增加,分离效果好.过滤过程应用自动化控制,操作方便、产品质量稳定.     

Frying of potato chips in a blend of canola oil and palm olein: changes in levels of individual fatty acids and tocols

The changes occurring in the levels of nutritionally relevant oil components were assessed during repeated frying of potato chips in a blend of palm olein and canola oil (1:1 w/w). The blend suffered minimal reductions in omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. There was no significant difference between the fatty acid composition of the oil extracted from the product and that of the frying medium, in all three cases. The blend also contained a significant amount of tocols which add a nutritional value to the oil. The concentration of the tocols was satisfactorily retained over the period of oil usage, in contrast to the significant loses observed in the case of the individual oils. The blend also performed well when assessed by changes in total polar compounds, free fatty acids, p‐anisidine value. When fried in used oil, the product oil content increased progressively with oil usage time. This study shows that blended frying oils can combine good stability and nutritional quality.     

Acceptability of diets containing olive oil fried sardines (Sardina pilchardus) in the prevention of dietary hypercholesterolaemia in rats

Garlic (Allium sativum L) bulb explants produced undifferentiated white globular callus when grown on MS medium having 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D) and Kinetin (Kn). Such callus when grown on medium having indole-3-yl-acetic acid (IAA) and/or Kn developed into the differentiating callus which had comparatively more allicin than that of undifferentiated callus. The effect of sucrose, NH/NO ratios and hormone concentrations on growth and allicin development in the callus was investigated. There was a significant increase in allicin development in callus when grown for up to 4 weeks on medium (a) having sucrose at 3% and 5% levels; (b) having NH and NO ratios at 2:1 and 1;1; and (c) with Kn alone at a concentration of 0.5 mg litre^?1, which produced a tenfold increase in allicin content.     

棕榈油在面制品煎炸过程中极性组分产生的集总动力学研究

旨在为植物油复杂反应体系的动力学研究提供新的思路,以棕榈油为研究对象,以面制品为煎炸物,在140、150、160、180℃下进行连续煎炸模拟试验,测定不同煎炸温度下不同煎炸时间煎炸油中极性组分含量,并通过集总的方法建立极性组分含量与煎炸温度和煎炸时间的动力学模型。结果表明：在140、150、160℃下煎炸36 h均没有达到煎炸油废弃点,而180℃下煎炸24 h即到达废弃点;棕榈油煎炸生成极性组分的过程为零级反应,反应活化能为35.98 kJ/mol,极性组分含量随煎炸时间延长线性增长;通过建立的模型预测不同温度下棕榈油煎炸的极限煎炸时间,预测结果与模拟试验结果相符。综上,通过集总的方法所建立的棕榈油煎炸生成极性组分的动力学模型可靠,所使用的集总动力学的研究方法可以引用至其他植物油的煎炸反应体系中。