双水相萃取法分离纯化α-淀粉酶的研究

采用聚乙二醇(PEG)/硫酸铵双水相体系,对双水相萃取法分离纯化α-淀粉酶进行了研究,探讨了PEG分子量、PEG浓度和(NH4)2SO4浓度对α-淀粉酶的分配系数、酶活回收率和相体积比的影响。实验表明,由PEG40021%～22%(W/W)和(NH4)2SO414%～17%(W/W)所组成的双水相体系,在室温下对α-淀粉酶的酶活回收率可达94.84%,分配系数可达17.10。     

双水相体系萃取超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的研究

采用PEG/硫酸铵双水相体系对啤酒酵母中SOD进行萃取研究。以酶的纯化倍数和回收率为指标,探讨了无机盐种类、PEG分子量、PEG浓度、硫酸铵浓度以及pH对SOD萃取效果的影响。结果表明:PEG4000浓度为14%,硫酸铵浓度为24%,pH 7.5时,下相中SOD回收率达73.4%,纯化倍数达1.76。回收率较PEG/磷酸钾盐缓冲液体系高了37.97%,纯化倍数较PEG/磷酸钾盐缓冲液体系高了21.38%。     

聚乙二醇/硫酸铵双水相体系萃取葡萄糖氧化酶的研究

采用聚乙二醇/硫酸铵[PEG/(NH4)2SO4]双水相体系对葡萄糖氧化酶的萃取进行了研究。以双水相系统的上、下相的酶活、比酶活、相比R、分配系数K和萃取率Y等为参数,探讨了PEG质量分数、不同PEG浓度和不同硫酸铵浓度对葡萄糖氧化酶在PEG/(NH4)2SO4双水相系统中分配行为的影响。实验结果表明:葡萄糖氧化酶在25%的PEG4000和10%硫酸铵的双水相体系中可获得较高的萃取率达81.11%,分配系数为0.134。     

不同来源脂肪酶催化餐厨废油水解实验研究

研究不同来源的脂肪酶催化餐厨废油水解反应制备脂肪酸,通过单因素实验考察了酶用量对酶解率的影响,在此基础上采用正交实验对水解工艺参数酶用量、水解温度、油水比和水解时间进行优化。结果表明:猪胰脂肪酶L3621和假丝酵母脂肪酶LS20在适宜条件下均可实现餐厨废油的高效酶催化水解;L3621最佳水解条件为酶用量700 U/g、水解温度45℃、油水比1∶1.2、水解时间36 h,在此条件下酶解率达94.30%;LS20最佳水解条件为酶用量600 U/g、水解温度40℃、油水比1∶1、水解时间36 h,在此条件下酶解率达96.84%。     

新型液态固定化脂肪酶制备及其稳定性的研究

传统的固态固定化脂肪酶存在载体易破碎、制备成本高等问题,制约了其工业应用。利用前期开发的三液相体系中相作为脂肪酶液态固定化载体,研究了不同种类的成相物质、成相物质的比例以及不同种类的脂肪酶对液态固定化酶回收率的影响。同时考察了该液态固定化载体固定脂肪酶的稳定性。结果表明:正己烷/PEG400/Na_2SO_4三液相体系中相为更优的液态固定化酶载体;最优的制备条件为PEG400比例20%、Na_2SO_4比例14%,此条件下AY30脂肪酶的回收率可达98%以上,其他类型脂肪酶中相回收率均大于90%;该液态固定化载体在30℃的环境下能有效保持脂肪酶的催化活性,保护效果在不同温度下均明显优于传统水-有机溶剂体系;同时,脂肪酶在此液态固定化载体中的保藏稳定性也优于水环境,低温保藏2周后仍能保留约78. 4%的酶活力,体现出较好的保藏稳定性。     

冷、热榨对紫苏油酸价及不饱和脂肪酸含量的影响

通过碱水解,将紫苏油甘油三酸酯转化为游离脂肪酸,利用反相高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器法,采 用梯度洗脱的方式,测定冷、热榨紫苏油甘油三酸酯中的脂肪酸含量。结果表明,两种紫苏油甘油三酸酯中脂肪酸 的含量差异较大。冷榨紫苏油中亚麻酸、亚油酸含量显著高于热榨紫苏油,而油酸、棕榈酸含量略低。冷榨紫苏油 中5 种脂肪酸的含量高达95.09%,而热榨油含量仅为87.89%。5 种脂肪酸的回收率为99.70%～101.11%,相对标准 偏差介于0.44%～3.66%之间。     

聚乙二醇/硫酸铵双水相体系萃取大豆脂肪氧合酶的研究

采用聚乙二醇(PEG)/硫酸铵[(NH4)2SO4]双水相体系对大豆中脂肪氧合酶进行分离萃取研究;通过综合考察酶分配系数、相比和回收率,探讨了(NH4)2SO4、PEG2000、Na Cl浓度以及p H对脂肪氧合酶萃取的影响,并通过正交实验进一步优化实验条件,结果表明在单一因素下的最佳工艺条件为:(NH4)2SO415%(wt%)、PEG2000 13%(wt%)、Na Cl 1%(wt%)、p H5.8;正交实验优选出的最佳工艺条件为:(NH4)2SO417%(wt%)、PEG2000 13%(wt%)、p H5.2,可获得酶的分配系数最高可达9.710,萃取率为87.6%。     

碱性蛋白酶水解蓝圆鲹条件的优化

以水解度为优化的指标,利用单因素试验考察酶解温度、pH值、反应时间等因素对鱼蛋白水解的影响,利用中心组合试验方法优化酶的添加量和蛋白质浓度.结果表明:碱性蛋白酶水解蓝圆鲹的最佳条件为每克蛋白加酶量4 320U、蛋白质浓度1.57%、水解温度55℃、反应体系pH值7.5、酶解时间6 h,在此条件下,水解体系的氨基酸态氮含量达1.30 g/L,水解度为51.88%,总氮回收率为97.07%,挥发性盐基氮含量为0.030 g/L,氨基酸态氮、水解度和总氮回收率的RSD值均小于2%.     

响应面分析法优化麦麸酯酶双水相萃取的条件

研究采用聚乙二醇/硫酸铵双水相体系萃取麦麸酯酶,通过单因素实验考察不同PEG分子量、PEG浓度、无机盐种类、无机盐浓度、pH和离子强度对麦麸酯酶总蛋白分配系数、酶活回收率、纯化倍数的影响,并通过响应面分析法优化了萃取条件。结果表明最佳萃取条件为:PEG1000质量浓度为21%、(NH4)2SO4质量浓度为18%、pH4.4。回归方程预测双水相萃取纯化倍数可达到2.9208,三次验证实验的平均纯化倍数为2.9190,与预测值相对误差为0.06%。     

双水相萃取纤维素酶的研究

对PEG(聚乙二醇)/(NH_4)_2SO_4(硫酸铵)双水相提取纤维素酶进行了研究,考察了PEG分子量、PEG和(NH_4)_2SO_4质量分数、pH、温度等因素对纤维素酶分配系数和回收率的影响。结果表明:双水相最佳提取条件为PEG4000 20%,(NH_4)_2SO_425%,pH 4.5,温度45℃,在此条件下纤维素酶分配系数可达到23.94,回收率为91.68%。     

棕榈油大豆油为原料调和油冷冻性能研究

对碘值60棕榈油与大豆油调和而成调和油在0℃、10℃、20℃三种温度条件下进行冷冻性能研究。在0℃情况下,即使棕榈油含量仅10%,也会很快混浊和结冻;在10℃情况下,含20%棕榈油的棕榈油大豆油调和油可保持15天以上澄清透明;在20℃情况下,含40%棕榈油的棕榈油大豆油调和油可保持25天以上而澄清透明。     

棕榈液油在调和油中应用研究

将熔点18℃棕榈液油分别与大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油和葵花籽油进行调配,得出不同季节条件下最佳调配比例;结果表明,棕榈液油作为一种调和油原料油,在春、夏、秋季均能应用于食用调和油。     

营养平衡调和油的配制及营养成分的测定

为解决单一食用油中营养组分缺陷问题,以大豆油、橄榄油、鱼油和亚麻籽油为基料油,测定其酸值、过氧化值、水分及挥发物含量和脂肪酸组成,然后按照中国营养学会关于脂肪酸推荐摄入量的要求,依据不同基料油的脂肪酸组成计算其配比并配制调和油,最后测定调和油的营养成分。结果表明：大豆油、橄榄油、亚麻籽油、鱼油的酸值、过氧化值、水分及挥发物含量均符合相关国家标准,4种油脂配制调和油的最适配比为45%、45%、8%、2%;调和油中主要微量营养成分及其含量为角鲨烯2.18 mg/kg、β-胡萝卜素0.474 mg/kg、α-生育酚73.6 mg/kg、β-生育酚0.6 mg/kg、γ-生育酚132.0 mg/kg、δ-生育酚20.4 mg/kg、总甾醇5 700 mg/kg。所得调和油符合中国营养学会关于脂肪酸推荐摄入量的要求,是一种营养平衡调和油。     

橄榄油氧化过程中风味化合物变化

橄榄油具有良好保健功能,是较为理想食用油脂;但在贮存过程中也存在氧化变质现象;橄榄油氧化将产生对人体有毒、有害副产物,其独特风味发生劣化,产生难以接受气味。该文详细介绍橄榄油氧化机理,总结引起橄榄油风味改变的醛、酮、醇、短链脂肪酸等氧化产物。     

Vegetable Oils Replace Pork Backfat for Low-Fat Frankfurters

Low-fat frankfurters (10% fat, 12.5% protein) with olive, corn, sunflower or soybean oils, compared to control (29.1% animal fat, 10.4% protein) had 67% lower total fat, 40–45% lower saturated fatty acids, 50–53% lower calories, reduced cholesterol and 20% higher meat protein. Although they had darker red color they were 6–7.2% lower in processing yield and had higher purge accumulation, were firmer and less juicy. The type oil had no effect (P>0.05) on these characteristics but affected fatty acid composition. Frankfurters with olive oil had 41.8% higher monounsaturated fatty acids and those with seed oils 5–7 times higher polyunsaturated fatty acids. Soybean oil increased lin-olenic acid content and negatively affected overall acceptability and shelf-life.     

取油锤改进应用技术探讨

介绍了取油锤的特点及其改进,通过改进方便了取油锤的使用。     

Microencapsulation of Oils: A Comprehensive Review of Benefits,Techniques, and Applications

Microencapsulation is a process of building a functional barrier between the core and wall material to avoid chemical and physical reactions and to maintain the biological, functional, and physicochemical properties of core materials. Microencapsulation of marine, vegetable, and essential oils has been conducted and commercialized by employing different methods including emulsification, spray‐drying, coaxial electrospray system, freeze‐drying, coacervation, in situ polymerization, melt‐extrusion, supercritical fluid technology, and fluidized‐bed‐coating. Spray‐drying and coacervation are the most commonly used techniques for the microencapsulation of oils. The choice of an appropriate microencapsulation technique and wall material depends upon the end use of the product and the processing conditions involved. Microencapsulation has the ability to enhance the oxidative stability, thermostability, shelf‐life, and biological activity of oils. In addition, it can also be helpful in controlling the volatility and release properties of essential oils. Microencapsulated marine, vegetable, and essential oils have found broad applications in various fields. This review describes the recognized benefits and functional properties of various oils, microencapsulation techniques, and application of encapsulated oils in various food, pharmaceutical, and even textile products. Moreover, this review may provide information to researchers working in the field of food, pharmacy, agronomy, engineering, and nutrition who are interested in microencapsulation of oils.     

国内外食用油脂加工技术发展

近年来,世界油脂加工技术发展非常迅速,预处理和制炼油新技术、新装备、新产品不断出现,正日益受到人们重视。该文主要从提高油/粕质量、降低能耗和废弃物排放、提高生产效率和开发新产品等方面出发,阐述世界油脂加工技术创新发展现状。     

一种适合于煎炸的调和油实验研究

选用一级棉籽油和棕榈油为原料,制成熔点较低的调和油,经实验证明,可以代替大豆油,用于普通煎炸操作。     

Effect of blending and lipase catalyzed interesterification reaction on the cholesterol lowering properties of palm oil with rice bran oil in rats

The effect of feeding blended and interesterified oils containing palm oil (PO) and rice bran oil (RBO) on serum and liver lipids was evaluated in rats. The PO and RBO were blended to contain saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the proportion of 1:1.5:1. The blended oil was subjected to transesterification reaction using immobilized lipase, lipozyme IM‐RM. Rats were fed a diet containing blended or interesterified oils for 8 weeks. Rats fed PO showed significantly higher levels of cholesterol in serum and liver as compared to those given RBO, blended oil of PO with RBO or interesterified oil. Rats fed blended oils showed a significant decrease in serum cholesterol by 51% compared to rats fed PO. Feeding interesterified oil to rats resulted in decrease in serum cholesterol by 56% compared to rats fed PO, which was 10% lower compared to that observed in rats given blended oil. The present study indicated that a combination of PO with RBO can significantly lower serum lipids in rats as compared to those given diet containing PO alone.