连续流动分析仪测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的方法研究

采用SKALAR SAN++型连续流动分析仪测定水中的阴离子表面活性剂,通过对仪器测定方法的线性相关性、检出限、精密度、准确度和回收率进行分析研究,结果表明连续流动分析仪测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的各项技术指标均满足水质监测分析质量要求。     

环境中阴离子表面活性剂检测方法研究进展

概述了阴离子表面活性剂给水环境带来的危害,深入分析了目前阴离子表面活性剂的主要测定方法以及各优缺点,并对今后检测方法的改进方向进行了介绍,指出联用技术将成为未来水环境中阴离子表面活性剂检测的主要技术。     

阴离子表面活性剂(AS)的测定方法研究

阴离子表面活性剂(AS)能改变两相间的表面张力,具有润湿、起泡、洗涤的作用。阴离子表面活性剂(AS)随着生活废水排放到环境中会导致水质恶化,进而对水生生物和环境造成危害,阴离子表面活性剂已成为水体污染的监测指标之一。笔者介绍了近年来阴离子表面活性剂的测定方法,如共振光散射法、流动注射分析法、色谱法、紫外分光光度法、可见分光光度法、荧光光度法和联用法,并对今后阴离子表面活性剂检测方法的研究方向提出了建议。     

表面活性剂/EDTA复配去除废水中铅离子研究

研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和非离子表面活性剂OP-10对水中铅离子的去除作用,以及SDBS与螯合剂(EDTA-2Na)复配对水中铅离子的去除作用,并探讨了p H值、铅离子起始浓度等因素对铅离子去除率的影响。结果表明,阴离子表面活性剂对铅离子的去除率高于非离子表面活性剂;当与螯合剂复配后,其对铅离子的去除效果显著增加。研究还发现,p H值升高、铅离子起始浓度越低,铅离子的去除效果越好。     

表面活性剂/EDTA复配去除废水中铅离子研究

研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和非离子表面活性剂OP-10对水中铅离子的去除作用,以及SDBS与螯合剂(EDTA-2Na)复配对水中铅离子的去除作用,并探讨了p H值、铅离子起始浓度等因素对铅离子去除率的影响。结果表明,阴离子表面活性剂对铅离子的去除率高于非离子表面活性剂;当与螯合剂复配后,其对铅离子的去除效果显著增加。研究还发现,p H值升高、铅离子起始浓度越低,铅离子的去除效果越好。     

有机硅表面活性剂的研究进展及在纺织、染整等领域的应用

该文对有机硅表面活性剂的结构特征和性能做了简要的介绍,同时按照有机硅表面活性剂在水中电离情况分为阳离子、阴离子、非离子和两性有机硅表面活性剂,并对各自的研究进展和应用做了介绍。     

连续流动注射分析法分析水中阴离子表面活性剂

简述阴离子表面活性剂的定义和危害,列举常用的实验室分析方法,重点介绍连续流动注射分析法分析水中阴离子表面活性剂原理、注意事项和存在问题。     

不同类型表面活性剂对JP-1蛋白酶性能影响的研究

考察了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(K12)、非离子表面活性剂烷基糖苷(APG)和两性表面活性剂甜菜碱应用于制革浸水工序中对JP-1蛋白酶性能的影响.结果表明,阴离子表面活性剂较非离子、两性表面活性剂更适合与JP-1蛋白酶应用于制革浸水中.K12与JP-1蛋白酶配合应用于制革浸水中,对生皮的蛋白质具有很好的去除作用,可明显缩短浸水时间,提高浸水效果.当K12的质量浓度为2.5 g/L时,与JP-1蛋白酶配合浸水效果最好.     

亚甲蓝分光光度法测定阴离子表面活性剂含量的方法改进研究

对水中阴离子表面活性剂的测定方法做了一些改进,只需要一次萃取,即向样品中一次性加入亚甲蓝10 mL及三氯甲烷10 mL,激烈振摇1 min,静置分层,然后再测其吸光度。结果表明,改进的方法,它与国标方法的线性回归无显著性差异(t=0.912,P>0.05),具有简便良好的准确度和精密度,简化了操作步骤,提高了工作效率。     

亚甲蓝分光光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂测定方法探讨

对亚甲蓝分光光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂含量方法进行探讨。探讨方向围绕液液萃取分离技术,结合国家标准检测方法,改进方法为单级萃取、盐析、一次洗涤。实验结果表明,此方法能够高效、快速检测水中阴离子表面活性剂的含量,且精密度、准确度均符合地表水、生活饮用水检测的要求。     

阴离子洗涤剂检测方法干扰排除研究

由于城市污水中悬浮物比较多,对阴离子洗涤剂检测测定会产生干扰。本文通过实验用中速定性滤纸过滤水样、加异丙醇消泡、用玻璃棉或脱脂棉过滤氯仿层等不同手段对比去除干扰效果,并提出比较有效的方法。结果表明在城市生活污水水质检测中,用亚甲蓝法测定阴离子表面活性剂时,遇到微颗粒悬浮物的情况,应该优先使用脱脂棉过滤悬浮物附带的干扰。     

Continuous Flow Methylene Blue Active Substances Method for the Determination of Anionic Surfactants in River Water and Biodegradation Test Samples

Anionic surfactants are commonly determined with the use of the methylene blue active substances (MBAS) standard method, which is time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. Therefore, new methods for determination of anionic surfactants are needed. In this study, the standard MBAS method for determination of anionic surfactants was modified and adjusted to work in a continuous flow system combined with spectrophotometric measurement. The developed method was found to be satisfactory in terms of sensitivity and precision, with a short time of analysis. The quantification limit for anionic surfactants was at 16 μg L^?1, with a relative standard deviation of 1.3 % for a model sample and 3.8 % for a river water sample. The results obtained for environmental samples were comparable to those obtained by using the standard MBAS method; however, the developed continuous flow method is faster, more sensitive and consumes smaller doses of chemical reagents.     

阴离子型Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能研究进展

综述了一系列阴离子型Gemini表面活性剂(包括磺酸盐型、硫酸酯盐型、羧酸盐型及磷酸酯盐型)的合成方法,并介绍了其表面活性、水溶性、协同效应、增溶作用、抗盐能力等理化性能,对今后阴离子型Gemini表面活性剂的研究提出了一些看法.     

Effect of surfactant compounding on the wettability of talcum powder

Talcum powder is one of the leading causes of pneumoconiosis, adding compound surfactants to the dust removal process can significantly increase the effectiveness of the dust removal. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the effect of compound surfactants on the wettability of talcum powder. This paper focuses on the ability of compound surfactants to increase the wettability of talcum powder surface by using Materials Studio 8.0. The simulation results were analyzed from the water adsorbed amount, interaction energy, and water molecule concentration profile. Combined with the experimental data of contact angle, the optimal surfactant compounding method was obtained. The simulation results revealed that stable adsorption structures can be formed by the compound of anionic and nonionic surfactants, which can reduce the electrostatic repulsion between anionic surfactants effectively and promote the directional arrangement of nonionic surfactants on the talcum powder surface. When the molar ratio of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Polysorbate 80 was 0.4:0.6, the amount of absorbed water reached 113, which is better than monomers and other compound surfactants. The contact angle experiment results indicated a consistent variation law with the simulation results. The contact angle decreased from 68.48° to 19.84° using the compounding method mentioned above, which has the optimum wetting effect among the four compounding methods. The research results will provide a reference for the application of compound surfactants in talcum powder dustproof work.     

Studies on the water resistance of acrylic emulsion pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs)

Four different types of acrylic emulsion pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) with the same composition of their constituent co-polymers but stabilized by four different anionic surfactants, two conventional low-molecular-weight surfactants (a sodium salt and an ammonium salt) and two anionic monomers (a sodium salt and an ammonium salt) were prepared. The adhesion properties of the four types of PSA tapes coated onto PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) sheets were determined with the national standard methods of China. Water absorption and water solubility of PSA films were determined by the gravimetric method. The peel-strength retention of PSA tapes after immersion in water was compared. The results showed that both the adhesion properties and the water resistance of the acrylic PSAs stabilized by anionic monomers were better than that of the acrylic PSAs stabilized by low-molecular-weight surfactants, and the ammonium surfactants were better than the sodium surfactants. These differences were mainly caused by the different migration ability of the four surfactants in the PSA layers and their different hydrophilic nature, as explained in terms of surfactant content at the surfaces of PSA layers with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).     

串联式压电传感器测定水中阴离子表面活性剂

基于阴离子表面活性剂与季铵盐反应前后电导的改变和压电传感器能响应溶液电导率的性质,建立了串联式压电传感器测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的新方法。在５００μｇ氯化十六烷基吡啶存在下,十二烷基磺酸钠的浓度在３．６×１０－７～５．７×１０－５ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１范围内与压电传感器的频移值呈线性关系,相关系数为０．９９８９,检测下限为１．７×１０－７ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１。用此法测定了环境水样中的阴离子表面活性剂,其加标回收率为９４．４％～１００．２％,相对标准偏差小于４．９％     

离子液体表面活性剂的合成与应用(Ⅱ)——离子液体表面活性剂的合成

按照离子液体表面活性剂的种类,分别介绍了不同类型离子液体表面活性剂的合成方法。阳离子型离子液体表面活性剂可以采用直接季铵化法、复分解法和离子交换法合成;阴离子型离子液体表面活性剂是采用传统阴离子表面活性剂与离子液体在有机溶剂或水/有机溶剂中复分解反应完成的;两性离子液体表面活性剂通常采用直接季铵化法合成;双子和Bola型离子液体表面活性剂与传统双子和Bola型表面活性剂的合成方法相似;微波和超声等新的辅助合成方法将明显促进离子液体表面活性剂的合成。     

分光光度法测定水中微量阴离子表面活性剂

在用HCl溶液调节pH=12.0的NaOH溶液中,5-甲基-2-[3-(4-苯基-2-噻唑基)三氮烯基]苯磺酸(MPTTBSA)与氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)形成离子缔合物MPTTBSA-CPC。在该溶液中加入阴离子表面活性剂时,能定量置换出离子缔合物中的MPTTBSA,使缔合物在最大吸收波长556 nm处的吸光度下降,阴离子表面活性剂的浓度与溶液的褪色程度呈良好线性关系,从而建立了阴离子表面活性剂光度测定法。实验结果表明,十二烷基磺酸钠(SLS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的表观摩尔吸光系数分别为1.24×104 L·mol-1·cm-1和1.07×104 L·mol-1·cm-1,在0～2.5×10-5 mol·L-1范围内服从比尔定律。该方法应用于生活污水中微量阴离子表面活性剂(以SLS计)的测定,结果与亚甲基蓝法测定结果基本一致。     

油水界面上阴/阳离子型复配表面活性剂体系的分子动力学模拟

采油过程中阴/阳离子型表面活性剂复配使用可显著增强驱油效果,对其微观机理的深入研究有助于驱油用表面活性剂的结构优化设计及使用。采用分子动力学方法研究了不同摩尔比的阴离子表面活性剂聚醚羧酸钠(PECNa)和阳离子表面活性剂十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(OTAC)复配体系在油水界面上的分子行为和物理性质。结果表明,复配体系比单种表面活性剂体系更有利于降低油水界面张力。不同复配比体系中,两种表面活性剂头基相反电荷间的吸引作用使表面活性剂之间对各自反离子的静电吸引作用减弱,且等摩尔比体系尤为明显。阴离子表面活性剂的亲水头基对阳离子表面活性剂亲水头基形成的水化层内水分子的结构取向无显著影响,反之亦然。通过调节两种离子型表面活性剂的复配比例,可调整油水界面吸附层微观结构,有望降低油水界面张力,提高采收率。