粉煤灰滤料对水中Ni^2＋的吸附研究

通过静态吸附试验,研究了粉煤灰滤料对水中Ni^2＋的吸附作用,探讨了吸附剂投加量、吸附时间、溶液pH值以及初始浓度对Ni^2＋吸附效果的影响,拟合了吸附等温线。结果表明,当粉煤灰滤料投加量为30g／L,溶液初始浓度为10mg／L,pH=7时,在30℃、180r／min的转速条件下振荡90min,Ni^2＋的去除率可达到95．2％。经过拟合,粉煤灰滤料对水中Ni^2＋的吸附符合Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温模型。     

硫脲改性壳聚糖对水中Cr(Ⅵ)与Ni~(2+)的吸附性能研究

以壳聚糖和硫脲为原料,经环氧氯丙烷交联,制得硫脲改性壳聚糖颗粒,通过吸附实验考察了pH、吸附时间对Cr(Ⅵ)、Ni2+吸附的影响。结果表明,硫脲壳聚糖颗粒对Ni2+吸附的最佳pH为6,对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的最佳pH为1,最佳吸附t为2h。利用准一级反应动力学模型和准二级反应动力学模型对实验数据进行拟合,并分别采用Freundlich模型、Langmuir模型对吸附等温线进行拟合。结果表明,吸附符合准二级动力学模型,以化学吸附为主。吸附等温线用Langmuir模型拟合结果最好。在初始质量浓度80mg/L,θ为25℃时,Ni2+,Cr(Ⅵ)的饱和吸附量可达40.98mg/g和33.33mg/g。     

粉煤灰合成沸石对混合重金属离子的吸附研究

利用粉煤灰合成沸石吸附混合重金属离子Cu^2＋、Ni^2＋、Pb^2＋、Zn^2＋,考察初始浓度对沸石吸附4种混合重金属离子的吸附效果影响。结果表明：初始浓度对沸石吸附重金属离子的效果影响显著,当混合重金属离子初始浓度不同时,沸石对其去除率也不同。当初始浓度为50mg／L与100mg／L时,重金属离子去除顺序为Cu〉Pb〉Ni〉Zn。当初始浓度提高为200mg／L与300mg／L时,去除顺序变为Cu≈Pb〉Zn〉Ni。沸石对Pb^2＋与Cu^2＋两种重金属离子的吸附性能较强,而对Zn^2＋与Ni^2＋两种重金属离子的吸附能力较弱。     

CoFe2O4-PPy@CS磁性纳米材料制备及吸附研究

用聚吡咯(PPy)和壳聚糖(CS)功能化CoFe2O4,制得CoFe2O4-PPy@CS磁性纳米复合材料。对所得材料的形貌和结构进行表征,并研究了不同环境参数对复合材料吸附Cu^2+、孔雀石绿(MG)和甲基蓝(MB)的影响。结果表明,复合材料吸附Cu^2+和MG(MB)的适宜pH分别为5~7、5~9;随着时间的延长,对Cu^2+、MG、MB的吸附量均逐渐增加,MB的吸附速率要明显快于Cu^2+和MG,并于120 min左右达到吸附平衡,而Cu^2+和MG则需要更长的平衡时间。对Cu^2+的吸附符合Langmuir等温线模型,对MG的吸附符合Freundlich等温线模型,且2种吸附等温线模型均能较好地拟合对MB的吸附过程,最大吸附量分别可达48.3、246.0、233.8 mg/g。三者的吸附动力学均遵循准2级动力学反应模型。     

生物膜载体吸附剂对Zn2+的吸附

本文对生物膜吸附Zn^2＋的行为进行了准一级动力学方程和Elovich模型方程的拟合，对实验测定的吸附等温线用Langmuir与Freundlich吸附模型进行拟合；考察了pH值及温度对生物膜吸附Zn^2＋的影响。结果表明，Zn^2＋在生物膜载体吸附剂上的吸附动力学过程与Elovich方程有较好的拟合度，R^2=0．99994。单一等温吸附过程与Langmuir方程具有较好的拟合度，R^2=0．99785；pH=6～8，室温25℃对Zn^2＋分有较高的去除率。     

胞外聚合物对水中Cu2+的吸附研究

以胞外聚合物作为生物吸附剂,对水中微量Cu^2＋的生物吸附特性进行研究,分析了原始pH值、胞外聚合物投加量、吸附时间对Cu^2＋吸附去除率的影响.研究结果表明：当初始Cu^2＋的质量浓度为10mg/L时,吸附最佳原始pH值范围为2～5,胞外聚合物的投加量为16mg/g,吸附时间为40min.Cu^2＋的吸附过程可分为3个阶段：①8 min的快速吸附阶段;②8～40 min达表观一级动力学吸附阶段;③吸附-解吸平衡阶段.Cu^2＋吸附等温线与Freundilich方程拟合良好.     

腐殖酸树脂处理含Zn^2＋、Ni^2＋废水的研究

利用泥炭为原料制备出腐殖酸树脂,在动态条件下,研究了腐殖酸树脂对重金属离子Zn^2＋、Ni^2＋的吸附效果及吸附条件。结果表明,在20℃,流速为4mL／min,pH值为5．0～7．0,含Zn^2＋、Ni^2＋浓度分别为70mg／L的废水经过腐殖酸树脂处理,Zn“、Ni。’去除率可达98％以上,且处理后的废水pH值近中性。含Zn^2＋、Ni^2＋浓度分别为32．5mg／L和29．4mg／L,pH值为5．9的电镀废水经腐殖酸树脂处理后,废水中Zn^2＋、Ni^2＋含量明显低于国家排放标准。     

壳聚糖对化学镀镍废液中Ni^2＋吸附

研究了用壳聚糖吸附化学镀镍废液中Ni^2＋的最佳条件及其脱附和再生方法，以及镀液中络合剂等其他组分对吸附率的影响。结果表明，壳聚糖对化学镀镍废液中的Ni^2＋具有较好的吸附能力，pH是影响吸附的主要因素。在室温、pH=5．0时，Ni^2＋质量浓度为4．6952g／L的化学镀镍废液被0．9390g壳聚糖吸附2h后，Ni^2＋的去除率达72．25％。     

裙带菜吸附重金属镍离子的研究

摘要：采用多细胞藻类裙带菜对重金属镍离子进行吸附，研究溶液的pH值，初始Ni^2 浓度，裙带菜的粒度、处理温度及不同生长时期等因素对Ni^2 的吸附特性的影响。得到最佳pH值4-6及最大吸附量0．7591mmol／g，并用Langmuir和Freundlich方程对裙带菜的吸附等温线进行了拟合。     

氨基化改性壳聚糖磁性树脂的原位制备及其对UO_2~(2+)的吸附性能

利用NaOH/Fe~(2+)反应体系生成Fe(OH)_2,同时通入低浓度O_2使Fe(OH)_2氧化成Fe_3O_4,在壳聚糖基质内部均匀生成磁性物质;并利用三聚磷酸钠交联,原位制备氨基化改性磁性壳聚糖树脂(TETA-MCR)。考察了不同pH、吸附时间、初始浓度及温度对TETA-MCR吸附UO_2~(2+)性能的影响。FT-IR分析表明氨基是UO_2~(2+)主要吸附位,通过配位络合吸附UO_2~(2+)。吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型,并且为自发吸热过程。吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,298 K时最大吸附容量达166.6 mg UO_2~(2+)×g~(-1)。TETA-MCR对UO_2~(2+)吸附具有吸附容量较高、易于磁分离、可重复使用的优点,可作为UO_2~(2+)分离的新型磁性吸附剂。     

高聚物萃取分离光度法测定Pb2+

利用非挥发性水溶性高聚物的水溶液在无机盐存在下可分成两相的特点,讨论了Pb2+、Cd2+、Co2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Ni2+、Zn2+混合液中Pb2+的分离和测定条件,实现了Cd2+、Co2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Ni2+、Zn2+与Pb2+的定量分离和测定,结果表明方法简便、可靠、快速,在Pb2+含量0～4.0μg/mL范围内有良好的线性关系.回收率在95%～105%.     

改型斜发沸石在Na+-Ca2+-Mg2+和NH4+-Ca2+-Mg2+水溶液体系中的离子交换平衡

研究了Na+-Ca2+-Mg2+与钠型斜发沸石和NH4+-Ca2+-Mg2+与铵型斜发沸石的离子交换平衡,分别测定出2个体系的离子交换平衡数据,并利用三维坐标绘制出三元离子交换平衡等温面,计算出改型沸石对体系中离子的分离因数. 结果表明,在Na+-Ca2+-Mg2+溶液体系中,Na+的分离因数>10,Ca2+的在0.4~10之间,Mg2+的小于0.4,斜发沸石离子交换顺序为Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+,且温度升高Ca2+和Mg2+的交换能力增强,而低温则有利于沸石对Na+的选择;在NH4+-Ca2+-Mg2+溶液体系中,NH4+的分离因数>15,Ca2+的在0.2~1.5之间,Mg2+的小于0.2,斜发沸石离子交换顺序为NH4+>Ca2+>Mg2+,且温度升高Ca2+和Mg2+的交换能力增强,NH4+的选择性降低.     

十二烷基磺酸根插层Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+)/Co~(2+)-Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+) LDHs及其结构研究

应用水热技术制备了二元Ni2+-Fe3+-CO23- LDHs和三元Co2+-Ni2+-Fe3+-CO32- LDHs,以十二烷基磺酸根离子作为插层客体,通过离子交换反应在酸性溶液中实现了十二烷基磺酸根插层Ni2+-Fe3+ LDHs和Co2+-Ni2+-Fe3+-LDHs。十二烷基磺酸根在Ni2+-Fe3+LDHs层间出现了2种空间导向和排列:即十二烷基磺酸根以单层垂直方向排布和以双层垂直方向排布在层间;十二烷基磺酸根在三元组分Co2+-Ni2+-Fe3+-LDHs层间只有一种空间排列方式,即十二烷基磺酸根以单层垂直方向排布于Co2+-Ni2+-Fe3+-LDHs层间。     

Electronic Structure and Properties of the O2+2, SO2+ and S2+2 Diatomic Dications

Multiply charged ions show novel energetic features which can potentially have useful photophysical properties. In order to investigate these interesting type systems, energy interaction curves for the ground and excited electronic states of O²⁺₂, SO²⁺, and S²⁺₂ have been generated by the ab initio complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field (CAS-MCSCF) method. The calculations were carried out in a triple-zeta sp plus double-zeta d Gaussian function basis set using compact effective potentials to replace the core electrons. In order to gauge the accuracy of the results, analogous calculations were carried out on the valence isoelectronic N₂ and NO⁺ systems for which experimental information is available for comparison of geometric and spectroscopic properties. Diverse high energy spectroscopy experiments on O²⁺₂ are interpreted and reconciled using the calculated ground and excited state energy interaction curves. Special attention is paid to the ₃Σ₊^u state, whose location and character have been particularly puzzling. Almost all the dication molecular states studied show the characteristic avoided crossing of diabatic states which gives a trapped equilibrium structure and a barrier to dissociation. These features make the dication kinetically stable, but thermodynamically unstable with an exothermic dissociation energy. The spectroscopy experiments on O²⁺₂ show that these states are experimentally attainable.     

粉煤灰及膨润土对Ni^2＋，Zn^2＋，Cd^2＋，Pb^2＋的吸附研究

研究了粉煤灰和膨润土对溶液中有毒重金属离子Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Pb~(2 )、Cd~(2 )的吸附能力。动态吸附试验显示,吸附过程是快速的。试验结果表明:粉煤灰对Zn~(2 )的吸附能力和膨润土相当,对Ni~(2 )、Cd~(2 )的吸附能力均大于膨润土。平衡吸附模型说明在高浓度下,Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Pd~(2 )在粉煤灰中,Ni~(2 )、Pd~(2 )在膨润土中的吸附符合Langmuir模式。试验还表明:随着吸附剂中Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Pb~(2 )、Cd含量增加,粉煤灰和膨润土对Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Pb~(2 )、Cd~(2 )的吸附百分率下降。     

The Formation of CrO2+2 in the Reaction of Cr2+ + O2 in Aqueous Acid Solutions

The reduction rate of Cr³⁺ by e_aq was determined, k₈ = 1.7 × 10¹⁰ M^?1 s^?1. The reaction of Cr²⁺ with O₂ was studied, k₂ = 1.6 × 10⁸ M^?1 s^?1. The spectrum of CrO²⁺₂ was obtained both with the pulse radiolysis method and by mixing Cr²⁺ with excess of O₂. It was shown that CrO²⁺₂ decays slowly to yield HCrO^?₄. The results suggest that the reaction of Cr²⁺ with O₂ is a two electron transfer process.     

Replacing Mg2+ by Fe2+ for RNA-Cleaving DNAzymes

It has been proposed that Mg²⁺ and Fe²⁺ are very similar in interacting with ribozymes and some protein-based enzymes, but their activities with DNAzymes have yet to be studied. Here, the activity of Fe²⁺ as cofactor for a few RNA-cleaving DNAzymes is investigated. 17E is a well-studied DNAzyme that is active in the presence of many different divalent metal ions; it is highly active with Fe²⁺ with an apparent K_d of 29.7±2.3 μm and a k_obs of 1.12±0.11 min⁻¹ in the presence of 1 mm Fe²⁺ at pH 7.5. Fe²⁺ has 21-fold higher activity than Mg²⁺. Six different DNAzymes are then tested, and only the DNAzymes active with Mg²⁺ (17E, 8–17, and E5) are active with Fe²⁺. Fe²⁺ has 25 and one- to twofold higher activity than Mg²⁺ for the 8–17 and E5 DNAzymes, respectively. In pH>7 buffer and in presence of air, 1 mm Fe²⁺ results in a nonspecific degradation of the DNA strand due to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cleavage reactions in anoxic environment and antioxidant ascorbate can be used to overcome the effect of oxidation. The findings provide insights for potential DNAzyme catalysis in the early Earth, and they further support the similarity between Mg²⁺ and Fe²⁺ in enzyme catalysis.     

改性海泡石对废水中Pb2+、Hg2+、Cd2+ 吸附性能的研究

用盐酸溶液对海泡石进行处理和在450℃灼烧,制备出改性海泡石。在动态条件下,研究了改性海泡石对重金属离子Pb2+、Hg2+、Cd2+的吸附效果及吸附条件。同时探讨了改性海泡石对重金属离子Pb2+、Hg2+、Cd2+的吸附机理。含Pb2+、Hg2+、Cd2+的冶金废水经改性海泡石吸附后,重金属离子含量显著低于国家排放标准。     

Removal of Zn2+ from the ternary system Zn2+ -Na+ -H+ by cation-exchange resin column

Very dilute solutions containing zinc sulphate, sodium and sulphuric acid were passed down a column of Zeo-Karb 225 cation-exchange resin, and the volume at which zinc first appeared in the effluent (breakthrough volume), together with the volume at which the concentration of zinc in the effluent became equal to its concentration in the influent (equivalent volume), were determined.