Homotopy-based analytical approximation to nonlinear short-crested waves in a fluid of finite depth

A nonlinear short-crested wave system, consisting of two progressive waves propagating at an oblique angle to each other in a fluid of finite depth, is investigated by means of an analytical approach named the homotopy analysis method(HAM). Highly convergent series solutions are explicitly derived for the velocity potential and the surface wave elevation. We find that, at every value of water depth, there is little difference between the kinetic energy and the potential energy for nonlinear waves. The nonlinear short-crested waves with a larger angle of incidence always contain the more potential wave energy. With the aid of the HAM, we obtain the dispersion relation for nonlinear short-crested waves. Furthermore, it is shown that the wave elevation tends to be smoothened at the crest and be sharpened at the trough as the water depth increases, and the wave pressure crests and troughs become steeper with increasing incident wave steepness.     

局部开孔防波堤对斜向波反射的理论分析和试验研究

本文通过理论分析和试验研究相结合的方法，探讨了斜向规则波与局部开孔防波堤的相互作用。流体运动的计算域被分成两个子域，一个区位于开孔沉箱结构物外侧，另一个区位于结构物内。在每个子区域内，应用分离变量法和特征函数展开法以求得相应的速度势，在速度势的特征展开中考虑了非传播模态波。理论计算与试验结果对比表明，二者符合较好。基于对不同因素影响的分析，给出了斜向规则波在局部开孔结构前反射率的简化计算公式，在工程设计中可用于预估类似条件下结构物前的波浪反射率。     

WAVE DIFFRACTION ON ARC-SHAPED BOTTOM-MOUNTED BREAKWATERS

1. INTRODUCTION Various types of breakwaters are common coastal structures to shelter harbors and s mall crafts fromthe direct attack of waves . Of these , the arc-shaped bottom-mounted breakwater is com- mon. This type of breakwaters , whose horizontal section is an arc shape ,is usually situated on the seabed and extended to above the water surface . Many researchers have performed a variety of studies on the wave diffraction performance of many kinds of breakwaters . Penney and Price …     

WAVE INTERACTION WITH PERFORATED CAISSON BREAKWATERS

The reflection coefficient of perforated caissons and the total horizontal forces acting on them were experimentally and numerically analyzed and discussed when wave propagates normally. To consider the viscosity effect of fluid and nonlinear action of waves on structures, the VOF (Volume Of Fluid) method combined with the k-ε turbulence model was used to simulate the interaction between waves and structures. Governing equations were solved with the finite difference method. Through 2D experimental study in the wave flume, the empirical relationship between the reflection coefficient of perforated caissons and the main affecting factors were obtained from the experimental data using the least square method. Also the correlation between the ratio of the total horizontal force acting on perforated caisson and the force acting on solid caisson and the main affecting factors were regressed from the experimental data.     

施工期台风浪作用下沉箱碰撞破坏分析

以“莎莉嘉”台风引起施工期沉箱碰撞破坏为背景,研究台风浪作用下施工期沉箱碰撞破坏模式及机理。提出基于台风浪作用下沉箱碰撞反应分析两步走的数值模拟方法,该方法利用高精度流体模拟软件Flow-3D的造波技术模拟台风引起的波浪传播过程,并与沉箱结构作用获取沉箱波浪力时程曲线;建立沉箱精细化有限元模型,将上述波浪力时程曲线施加于沉箱结构,利用LS-DYNA显式求解器分析沉箱结构的碰撞反应。应用该方法对“莎莉嘉”台风引起施工期沉箱碰撞破坏进行分析,结果表明:数值模拟的沉箱结构在不同波浪方向作用下发生不同角度的碰撞会导致不同的沉箱碰撞破坏模式,波浪作用方向与沉箱前后壁夹角为60°时,沉箱碰撞破坏模式与“莎莉嘉”台风作用期间的现场情况吻合较好。     

非一致地震动输入下高面板坝地震反应特性

为研究地震波非一致输入对三维高面板坝动力反应的影响,采用波场分离的思路将人工动力边界处的总波场分解为无局部场地效应影响的自由场和局部场地效应引起的散射场,借助黏弹性边界建立地震波在自由场作用下地震动非一致输入,实现考虑地基辐射阻尼和地震波行波效应的地震动输入。对我国西南地区某高面板坝进行非一致地震动反应分析,研究P波和SV波作用下坝体结构的动力反应规律。结果表明:当P波非一致输入时,随着入射角度的增加,竖向加速度和动位移极值逐渐减小,水平向加速度和动位移极值逐渐增大;SV波非一致输入时,地震动反应规律与P波入射时相反。入射角度对地震波的行波效应以及坝顶加速度反应谱幅值等都有较显著的影响。     

AN OPTIMIZATION OF EIGENFUNCTION EXPANSION METHOD FOR THE INTERACTION OF WATER WAVES WITH AN ELASTIC PLATE

The hydroelastic interaction of an incident wave with a semi-infinite horizontal elastic plate floating on a homogenous fluid of finite depth is analyzed using the eigenfunction expansion method. The fluid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible and the wave amplitudes are assumed to be small. A two-dimensional problem is formulated within the framework of linear potential theory. The fluid domain is divided into two regions, namely an open water region and a plate-covered region. In this paper, the orthogonality property of eigenfunctions in the open water region is used to obtain the set of simultaneous equations for the expansion coefficients of the velocity potentials and the edge conditions are included as a part of the equation system. The results indicate that the thickness and the density of plate have almost no influence on the reflection and transmission coefficients. Numerical analysis shows that the method proposed here is effective and has higher convergence than the previous results.     

基于SWASH模型的近岸波浪传播变形数值模拟

SWASH模型是一种新型的非静压时域波浪模拟。为了探讨SWASH模型对于解决近岸波浪传播变形问题的适用性,在对其控制方程、边界条件、数值解法等进行介绍的基础上,采用该模型分别模拟了正向规则波、斜向规则波和斜向不规则波入射条件下L形防波堤附近水域的波浪场和波生流场,并与物理试验结果进行对比。结果表明,SWASH模型较好地复演了波浪在近岸区域所发生的浅水变形、折射、破碎,以及堤前反射、堤内绕射等物理现象,波高沿断面的定量分布与试验结果吻合良好,同时较好地模拟了不同波况下防波堤附近水域的波生流场,说明该模型适用于复杂岸线和地形条件下波浪传播变形的数值模拟。     

高进水塔地震波斜波入射有限元分析

在水工结构抗震动力分析中,反应谱和时程分析都是基于地震波垂直入射来考虑地震荷载的影响,而实际地震波的传播方向往往是斜波入射。斜入射地震波会引起地面运动的非一致变化,从而对结构产生很大的影响。基于波动理论和黏弹性人工边界波动输入方法,采用有限元模拟地震波斜波入射,并比较在45°斜波入射情况下进水塔与基岩接触的上游建基面、塔背回填混凝土与塔身接触位置等关键部位的顺水流向和竖向加速度、位移、应力时程曲线,结果表明,采用黏弹性人工边界等效荷载方法可以实现地震波斜入射的输入,计算结果与理论分析结果一致。     

斜向和多向波浪的破碎指标研究

该文通过水池物理模型实验,研究了在1:15的斜坡条件下斜向和多向波浪中破碎的特点。根据波浪类型和岸坡条件将破碎指标分为四类,总结了每一类破碎指标公式的通用形式和系数。对实验中正向和斜向规则波、正向和斜向不规则波、正向和多向不规则波的破碎指标进行了比较和分析。研究结果表明:同等条件下,斜向波的破碎指标较正向波偏大,基于不规则波有效波高的破碎指标小于规则波的,而多向波在波高较大时的破碎波高与正向不规则波相比偏小。     

REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION OF WATER WAVES BY POROUS VERTICAL PLATES

The reflection and transmission of small amplitude surface waves by two verticalporous plates with spacing L fixed in the middle of an infinitely long channel of constant depthare studied.Analytical solutions in closed forms are obtained for the surface wave profiles.It isfound that,when the spacing L is a quarter-wavelength plus a multiple of the half-wavelength ofthe incident wave,not only the reflected wave amplitude but also the transmitted wave amplitudereduce to minima.On the other hand,when the spacing L is a multiple of the half-wavelengthof the incident wave,both the reflected wave amplitude and the transmitted wave amplitude havethe maximum values.For these two special cases,the energy dissipation caused by the twoporous plates and the water between them are also discussed.     

Free-surface long wave propagation over linear and parabolic transition shelves

Long-period waves pose a threat to coastal communities as they propagate from deep ocean to shallow coastal waters. At the coastline, such waves have a greater height and longer period in comparison with local storm waves, and can cause severe inundation and damage. In this study, we considered linear long waves in a two-dimensional (vertical-horizontal) domain propagating towards a shoreline over a shallowing shelf. New solutions to the linear shallow water equations were found, through the separation of variables, for two forms of transition shelf morphology: deep water and shallow coastal water horizontal shelves connected by linear and parabolic transition, respectively. Expressions for the transmission and reflection coefficients are presented for each case. The analytical solutions were used to test the results from a novel computational scheme, which was then applied to extending the existing results relating to the reflected and transmitted components of an incident wave. The solutions and computational package provide new tools for coastal managers to formulate improved defence and risk-mitigation strategies.     

ANALYTICAL RESEARCH ON THE WAVE DIFFRACTION OF ARC-SHAPED FLOATING BREAKWATERS

1. INTRODUCTIONBreakwaters are generally constructed for thedissipation and reflection of incident wave energyin order to decrease the wave height to protect thecoast against the erosion and to decrease the forceacting on the coastal structures . Compared…     

An experimental study of impact loading on deck of shore-connecting jetties exposed to oblique waves and current

The impact pressure from waves is an important issue to be considered in the design of coastal structures. In this paper, the waves acting on the deck of a shore-connecting jetty on a slope exposed to oblique waves and in the presence of current are examined based on laboratory experiments. The impact pressures are measured on a 1：50 scale model of a jetty head with down-standing beams and berthing members. The relations of the impact pressure with the incident wave angle and the current velocity are examined. It is shown that the impact pressure is sensitive to the wave angle and the current velocity. A computational model for the impact load on the deck of shore-connecting jetties exposed to oblique waves and current is developed.     

Wave radiation and diffraction by a floating rectangular structure with an opening at its bottom in oblique seas

The radiation and the diffraction of linear waves by a rectangular structure with an opening at its bottom floating in oblique seas of finite depth are investigated. Analytical expressions for the radiated potentials and the diffracted potential are obtained by use of the method of separation of variables and the eigenfunction expansion method, with the unknown coefficients being determined by the boundary conditions and the matching requirement on the interface. The hydrodynamic coefficients and the wave excitation forces are verified using the symmetry properties of coupled hydrodynamic coefficients and one specific example investigated previously. By use of the present analytical-numerical solution, the influences of the angle of incidence, the width of the opening on the wave forces and the hydrodynamic coefficients are investigated. It is also found that in the oblique sea the external excitation frequency that can lead to the resonance of a rectangular tank depends on the wave direction and the wave number of the incident wave.     

斜向随机波对直立堤作用的试验研究

通过斜向随机波对直立堤作用的试验，研究了作用在直立堤上的单位堤长波浪力随波浪入射角的变化．讨论了波浪力沿堤长的纵向分布，以及单元堤长对波浪力纵向折减的影响．给出了波浪力纵向分布系数和折减系数与相对堤长的关系式．     

Surf-zone dynamics derived from basin-scale experiments

Surf-zone hydrodynamics forced by oblique wave shoaling and breaking on beach slopes were investigated. The results showed that in wave-basin experiments with incident angles in the range of 15°–30°, wave breaking was initiated at a breaker coefficient of around 0.67, which was significantly less than that predicted from empirical relations based on normally incident waves for a given beach slope and deep-water wave steepness. The measurements also showed that subsequent saturated breaking occurred at a breaker coefficient of around 0.47 that was independent of beach slope in the range of 1:10 to 1:100. This result is likely applicable to both oblique and normally incident waves. It is shown that the measured wave heights and longshore velocity profiles in wave-basin studies can be reasonably well predicted by theory with proper adjustments to the process parameters. Best-match formulations were identified for quantifying bottom friction, eddy viscosity, and energy loss due to surface rollers.     

多层水平板衰减波浪的影响因素分析

基于线性波浪理论,进行多层水平板对波浪的反射和透射作用研究。通过分解速度势为对称势和反对称势,结合特征函数展开法,在考虑水平板厚度的条件下由匹配条件确定速度势展开式中的待定系数,进而得到结构对波浪的反射系数和透射系数。所得结果与现有相关的理论解、数值解以及试验结果吻合较好。对相对水深、相对宽度、相对厚度以及水平板层数等对结构衰减波浪的影响进行了深入探讨和分析,给出了反射系数和透射系数随上述参数的变化规律。     

改进的非线性波传播数值模型的验证和应用

基于吸收入射边界上反射波的方法,并通过将统一边界条件表达式推广到适应不规则波的情况,改进了非线性波传播的数值模型.将利用模型的线性版本(略去非线性项)所计算得到的台阶地形上波浪的反射和透射系数与相应的解析解进行了定量比较.在斜坡地形上数值模拟了不规则波的传播,并将数值结果和物理模型实验值进行了比较.在下游边界分别为开边界和全反射边界的等水深的水槽内数值模拟了不规则波的传播变形,讨论了非线性作用的影响.在侧边界和下游边界均为全反射的固壁边界、二维的等水深水域内,数值模拟了波浪斜向入射时所产生的波浪变形.计算结果表明,对上述各种算例,改进后的非线性波传播数值模型均能进行有效地数值模拟.     

孤立波作用下组合型港池共振响应的数值研究

港池受到孤立波入射时会在港池内激发多种模态的共振响应。为进一步研究不同平面布置形式港池的响应特性和共振规律,建立不同内外港池长度和连接位置的组合型港池,采用基于Boussinesq方程的波浪数值模型MIKE 21-BW模拟了孤立波作用下组合型港池的共振响应,对数值模拟的结果进行频谱分析和波幅分布测定并与现有理论值比较。结果表明,孤立波正向入射组合型港池激发的主要响应模态的频率和与其长度相等的细长港池的理论固有频率接近,各主要共振模态的振幅与内外港池的长度和两港池口门的距离有密切关系;波浪入射方向和港池内边界反射条件的改变对狭长组合型港池中形成的各共振模态的形状影响不大,但是增大港池宽度会使港池内激发明显的横向共振。最后提出了消减港湾共振的平面布置形式,可为实际工程设计提供指导。