峰峰集团推行低碳循环经济创建绿色生态矿山的实践

峰峰集团以资源循环高效利用为核心,打造了煤—焦—化、煤—电、煤层气—发电等循环经济产业链;通过采用优化设计、保水开采、煤矸石综合利用、地源水源热泵技术等先进技术,坚持科技创新,大力实施工程、结构、管理节能减排,创建了绿色生态矿山新模式。     

大型露天磷矿开采工艺探讨

根据大型风化露天磷矿矿石赋存条件,通过对间断开采工艺、半连续开采工艺、连续开采工艺的技术经济比较,推荐采用轮斗挖掘机—带式输送机—排土机设备组合的连续开采工艺。采用连续开采工艺,实现了矿山连续生产,且成本相对较低。     

浅析现阶段重油开采技术的应用

随着重油开采越来越受到重视,重油开采技术也取得了很大进展,形成了以出砂冷采、水平井冷采、蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱等主要开采技术。本文分析了现阶段国内外常用的重油开采技术的开采机理、优缺点、存在问题等,对各种开采技术的矿场应用进行了阐述,并展望了重油开采技术发展。     

稠油开采技术的发展趋势

本研究根据稠油开采的实际,在分析稠油特点和开采难点的基础上,对于稠油开采技术展开了研讨,提供了稠油冷开采技术、SAGD技术、复合开采技术等稠油开采技术的要点,并对稠油开采技术进行了展望,希望能够从技术的角度上提高稠油开采的效率,降低稠油开采的成本,将稠油开采技术提升到一个新的水平,形成石油开采和加工的重要基础,对石油事业和社会发展起到物质支持与技术保障的作用。     

煤矿绿色开采技术研究

随着煤矿开采规模的逐渐增大,所造成的污染问题越来越严重,推行绿色开采技术迫在眉睫。本文分析了伯方煤矿开采所造成的污染问题和推行绿色开采技术的必要性,研究了保水开采技术、减沉开采技术、煤与瓦斯共采技术、煤矸石再利用技术、煤炭地下气化技术等几种绿色开采技术,旨在为绿色开采技术的推行贡献力量。     

表面活性剂在油田中的应用

<正> 在石油开采中,为了提高采收率,降低成本,合理开采和保护资源,要大量采用表面活性剂。这是因为在钻井、采油和长输过程中,处处都要遇到油—水、油—气、油—岩石—粘土—水等许多界面问题,因而表面     

煤矿开采技术向智能绿色开采方向的转型对策

为解决传统煤矿开采技术造成的土地资源破坏、水资源污染、地质结构破坏、空气污染等问题,以煤矿开采为基础,对保水开采技术、分层注浆开采技术、煤矿巷道支护技术、矸石回填利用技术、膏体充填技术、有毒有害气体与粉尘净化技术、煤炭地下气化技术进行了分析,通过应用绿色开采技术,可以有效解决环境污染问题,为实现煤矿绿色开采奠定基础,以期能够为相关人员提供参考。     

新疆油田稠油开采技术应用综述

我国稠油资源比较丰富,稠油开采技术的应用已经处于一个新的阶段。热力采油方法应用十分普遍,但对塔河以及轮古潜山稠油等部分深层稠油并不适合。稠油冷采技术通常包括稠油出砂冷采,化学降粘开采等。另外也有使用地震方法进行稠油开采的实验。通常由于油藏埋深不同,稠油性质的差异,以及经济收益的高低,开采技术都有可行性和适用范围。国内外在深层稠油开采技术的研究方面,主要实验了注蒸汽工艺、火烧油层工艺、非混相驱技术、重油沥青的反相乳化技术、稠油地下改质技术等。本文简要介绍新疆油田稠油开采技术及新工艺。     

煤矿充填开采岩层控制理论与技术新进展

通过对充填采煤地质环境的静态描述、上覆岩层运动规律分析、开采效果的闭环控制,以及建立科学充填开采理论和技术体系等,明确了充填开采理论和技术研究发展方向。针对充填开采岩层控制理论、地质环境静态描述、覆岩及充填体动态监测、充填开采自动化和低成本充填材料等关键问题进行技术攻关,进一步提高研究的系统性,形成完整的充填开采矿压理论体系,并结合实验室试验和工程实践使充填开采成为一种成熟的采煤技术。     

煤层底板承压水体上带压开采的分析研究

阳泉矿区保安井田奥灰水水位标高为+520—+531m,15号煤层底板标高在+240—+370 m,其下部的奥陶系灰岩强含水层,水头压力大,对采煤的威胁严重。针对上述情况,在分析井田情况后,系统的阐述了突水系数的计算方法,介绍了可采、带压开采与危险开采的辨别标准,最后分析了3种带压开采的防水技术,这些工作可为今后带压开采的研究提供一定的借鉴。     

Evaluating Cell Disruption Strategies for Aqueous Lipid Extraction from Oleaginous Scenedesmus obliquus at High Solid Loadings

Among various renewable energy sources, the production of biofuels derived from algal lipids holds bright prospects. One of the major roadblocks in the successful commercialization of microalgal biofuels is the existing energy‐intensive lipid extraction. In the present investigation, an attempt is made to assess aqueous lipid extraction strategies from oleaginous Scenedesmus obliquus at a high solid loading of 15% (w/v). In this study, four surfactants and five enzymes are evaluated for cell disruption of S. obliquus. It is the first report citing cetyl pyridinium bromide as the most suitable cationic detergent for surfactant‐assisted extraction, with a lipid recovery as high as 31.4%. However, during the evaluation of enzyme‐based cell disruption, neutral protease emerges as the best biocatalyst resulting in a lipid recovery of ≈75%. Total lipid extraction is accomplished using a two solvent system comprising of water‐immiscible ethyl acetate, followed by chloroform addition. The study revalidates the fact that the biochemical composition of Scenedesmus sp. plays a vital role while identifying and formulating an efficient and green process for microalgal cell disruption for enhanced lipid extraction under aqueous conditions. Practical Applications: The results of the present study demonstrate that if the biochemical composition of any oleaginous algal cell wall is known, aqueous enzymatic lipid extraction can be employed rather than taking up the conventional route of drying followed by Soxhlet extraction. The combination of using the cheap sources of enzymes and water‐immiscible green solvents like ethyl acetate can be lucrative downstream procedures for the lipid recovery from wet algal biomass when compared to traditional procedures.     

A comparative study of lupeol extraction from a by-product of lupin processing by hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvents and their precursor components

A series of hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvents (HNADESs) have been employed to extract lupeol from lupin seed coat at 30 and 70°C. The extraction yields have been compared with those obtained with conventional organic solvents. In general, lupeol extraction yields (LEYs) obtained when using HNADES are somewhat smaller than those obtained if organic solvents are used. However, the nature of the HNADES mixtures as green solvents represents a superior performance in terms of sustainability of the extraction process. Additionally, an investigation has been carried out in order to compare the LEYs obtained when using the HNADES mixtures with those obtained if the isolated precursor compounds are employed at a temperature (70°C) where both HNADES and the corresponding precursor compounds are liquids. Surprisingly, LEYs for lupeol at 70°C were found to be, in some cases, slightly higher if the precursor compounds are used in comparison with the proper HNADES mixtures. It seems that the unique properties of the HNADES mixtures are not enough to perform better as extractants in comparison with the isolated precursor compounds at moderate temperatures, at least for the case of lupeol from lupin seed coat. Some hints are presented to explain these results. Practical Applications: The demand to use by-products, such as raw materials, to obtain potential bioactive compounds is gaining strong attention in the last years. The use of green solvents to extract these compounds is also envisaged to obtain substances in an environment-friendly way and with high sustainability for the economy and end-consumers. The main aim of this work is the extraction of lupeol from lupin seed coat by using on one side different hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvent (HNADES) mixtures, and on the other side by using the precursor compounds of the mixtures, in order to evaluate the efficiency of these green extraction solvents in the recovery of bioactive compounds with health benefits from waste material. Our results show that lupeol can be extracted both with the HNADES mixtures and with their precursor components at moderate temperatures with similar efficiency. This work questions the need of using HNADES as clean extraction solvents as the precursor compounds have themselves interesting extracting capacities.     

Artificial neural network modelling of supercritical fluid CO2 extraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) viscera

Common carp viscera, obtained from Tikveš Lake in Macedonia, was investigated as a possible source of polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. Supercritical fluid CO₂ extraction (SFE-CO₂) was employed for extraction of investigated bioactive components. The GC-FID analysis on the total extract obtained by supercritical fluid CO₂ extraction confirmed the assumption of presence of these bioactive components. A three layer artificial neural network was created for prediction and modelling of the extraction yield of polyunsaturated fatty acids from lyophilized viscera matrixes. Operating values of pressure, temperature, mass flow of CO₂ and extraction time were defined as input vectors to the ANN where PUFA extraction yield was considered as an output vector. Created ANN model provided adequate fitting of experimental data, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9968 for the entire data set. RSM-3D method was employed for mathematical modelling of the ANN output values as a function of operating variables and their interactions.     

微萃取器在多粘菌素B萃取工艺中的应用

利用微型化技术开发一种连续萃取多粘菌素B的工艺.通过对多级串联微萃取器萃取工艺中分散模块微孔尺寸、流体在微萃取器通道中的流速、串联级数和每级溶剂加量比例等关键控制参数的优化,取得了较好的实验结果.该工艺在萃取率、生产效率和溶剂消耗等方面较传统搅拌法萃取具有明显优势,操作用时短,重复性、稳定性、耐用性良好,且操作简单,可...     

Enhanced extraction of essential oil from Cinnamomum cassia bark by ultrasound assisted hydrodistillation

Cinnamon essential oil with many bioactivities is an important raw material for the production of various chemicals,and the conventional hydrodistillation(HD) for cinnamon oil extraction always require a longer extraction time. In this work, ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation extraction(UAHDE) technique was employed to enhance the extraction efficiency of essential oils from cinnamon barks. The parameters with significant effects on the essential oil extraction efficiency(ultrasound time, ultrasound power, extraction time, liquid–solid ratio) were optimized, and the proposed UAHDE was compared with the conventional HD extraction in terms of the extraction time, extraction yield, and physicochemical properties of extracted oils. Compared to the HD extraction, the UAHDE resulted in a shorter extraction time and a higher extraction yield. Using GC–MS analysis, the UAHDE provided more valuable essential oil with a high content of the vital trans-cinnamaldehyde compounds compared with the HD. Scanning electron micrograph(SEM) confirmed the efficiency of ultrasound irradiation for cinnamon oil extraction. In addition, the analysis of electric consumption and CO2 emission shows that the UAHDE process is a more economic and environment-friendly approach. Thus, UAHDE is an efficient and green technology for the cinnamon essential oil extraction, which could improve the quantity and quality of cinnamon oils.     

混合澄清槽内离子液体体系的三相流体动力学模拟

离子液体是近年来被广泛研究的新兴绿色溶剂,其在乏燃料后处理技术中具有潜在的工业应用前景。但由于缺乏对萃取反应器中离子液体流动特性的研究,制约了离子液体萃取体系的实际应用。本文以萃取工艺中广泛应用的混合澄清槽为对象,以去离子水及1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲磺酰)亚胺盐（[C₄mim][NTf₂]）分别作为水相及有机相,考虑上层空气对流动行为的影响,对其混合室进行计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics, CFD）模拟,考察不同转速、流比及温度下的有机相分布、压力场、湍动程度等。结果表明,模拟结果较好地符合实验结果,且最大误差小于6.3%;转速能直观地提升混合性能,但当超过500r/min后,继续提高转速将显著增大出口气量,从而可能对澄清室的分相性能提出更高要求;增大流比、升温均能提升350r/min转速下的有机、水相混合能力,升温还有效减小了桨力矩,但当温度超过303K时,继续升温对于桨力矩、有机相速度的改变不明显。因此,实际工艺条件建议结合升温与转速调节,在实现较好混合性能的同时,减少对澄清室分相性能的要求。本文在建立离子液体三相体系数值模拟方法的同时,为混合澄清槽的工况优化提供合理建议,并为离子液体萃取体系的深入研究提供了参考。     

Canola Oil with High Antioxidant Content Obtained by Combining Emerging Technologies: Microwave,Ultrasound, and a Green Solvent

In this work, the ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of canola oil from canola seeds pretreated with microwaves using ethanol 99% as solvent is studied. Different process parameters are evaluated, such as extraction time, temperature, solid:solvent ratio, and ultrasound amplitude, optimizing the process using response surface methodology. Under optimum conditions, the extraction time is decreased by up to 75% with respect to conventional extractions, obtaining an oil with a higher content of total tocopherols and canolol, and with oxidation indexes within the established standard limits. The addition of a microwave pretreatment to the UAE with ethanol 99% shows a synergic effect between both processes, improving the oil yield. The results obtained in this study show the potential of the use of UAE for the extraction of canola oil using a green solvent, reducing processing times, environmental pollution, and achieving an oil of high quality and antioxidant concentration. Practical Application: The industrial use of petroleum‐derived solvents such as hexane has problems concerning sustainability, environment, and safety. In recent years, the use of “green” solvents for the extraction of vegetable oils began to be studied; however, it is necessary to develop stages that allow improving the extraction process by increasing the yield, reducing the processing times, and optimizing the oil quality. In this sense, ultrasound allows to shorten the extraction times while microwave pretreatments applied to canola seeds generate an increase in the concentration of antioxidants in the oil, facilitating the implementation of a “green” process in the industrial production.     

基于绿色化学理念的基础化学实验教学研究

我们从绿色化学理念出发,对基础化学实验教学内容、教学手段和教学方法进行了改革创新,通过实验试剂和实验方法的选择以及微型化实验与网络虚拟仿真实验的实施,探索了基础化学实验绿色化的教学方法,构建了以人为本的绿色化实验教学理念。     

嗜水气单胞菌胞内聚3-羟基丁酸-3-羟基己酸酯（PHBHHx）提取方法的研究

以嗜水气单胞菌利用月桂酸发酵生产PHBHHx,比较多种溶剂对提取率和产品质量的影响,建立了嗜水气单胞菌胞内提取PHBHHx的新方法。本方法使用湿细胞提取,节省干燥细胞的能耗,仲丁醇无异味、毒性小、价格低廉,而且可以循环多次利用、对相对分子质量影响小,解决了工业生产上能耗高,生产成本高,溶剂回收难,安全隐患多,提取率不高、产品质量低等问题。用仲丁醇作溶剂,预处理细胞提取率提高13％,相对分子质量达83万,提取率达78％,产品纯度达99％以上。     

白玉兰叶提取物对A3钢在酸性介质中缓蚀性能的研究

为了开发A3钢在酸性介质中的绿色天然缓蚀剂,研究分别采用浸泡法、加热回流萃取法从白玉兰叶中提取天然缓蚀剂,并采用失重法、极化曲线法研究各种方法的提取物在室温下酸性介质中对A3钢的缓蚀性能。初步探讨植物型缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理。结果表明,两种方法所得植物缓蚀剂均属于混合型缓蚀剂,缓蚀效果基本相同,缓蚀率最高可达94.91%。