继电保护装置干扰防护若干措施

高压变电站、发电厂是具有高强度电磁场环境的特殊区域,容易对继电保护装置造成干扰,使保护误动或拒动,危及系统安全稳定运行。为此,介绍了现阶段广东省所采取的若干抗干扰措施,并对这些措施的原理及实现方法进行了简单的阐述。     

天波超视距雷达流星余迹瞬态干扰抑制方法

天波超视距雷达（OTHR）易受到流星余迹回波等强瞬态干扰的影响。目前对于流星余迹的抑制方法大多需预先抑制海、地杂波,复杂度高,实用性不强。实测数据统计表明,流星余迹与地海杂波信号的分形维区别较大,可利用其作为检测识别特征。本文提出了一种基于分形检测和预测恢复的流星余迹干扰抑制方法。该方法应用分形检测,提取信号的相似性特征,找到流星余迹干扰位置,再去掉相应干扰数据段,并通过线性预测算法恢复有效数据,达到干扰抑制的目的。该方法的优点是干扰检测前无需抑制海杂波,实用性强。仿真结果表明该方法能有效的检测干扰并抑制。     

改进的SAR图像干扰抑制算法

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像中出现干扰条纹是由电视、广播和各类通信系统辐射源的频率在系统带宽内,造成接受的信号中混有干扰信号。由于这些干扰通常具有高于系统背景噪声的功率电平,会对SAR造成不同的影响。在某些系统中SAR信号在距离频域沿着距离向相邻的点会具有一定的相关性。如果某些频谱值被干扰信号污染,则可以利用它周围的点估计出该频段的信息。基于这一想法,提出一种干扰抑制算法,能有效的估计出被干扰影响的频谱信息。当频谱中干扰信号所污染的频段的个数较多时,相比传统方法,这种方法能更为有效地估计出原始信号。     

直流输电系统对通信干扰的分析及措施

介绍了高压直流输电(HVDC)系统对通信干扰的机理,重点对换流器和输电线路无线电通信干扰的横向衰减与频谱特性、大气条件的影响等进行了较深入的研究,并结合实际高压直流输电工程,提出了具体的抑制干扰的措施。     

Numerically optimized hard pulse sequences for fast frequency selective excitation and inversion

Numerically optimized hard pulse sequences were developed providing a frequency selective response of the transverse and longitudinal magnetization for several applicationsin vivo. The sequences are based on pulse trains with binomial ratios of the pulse angles and constant time intervals between the pulses. These pulse trains were systematically optimized to obtain broad Larmor frequency ranges in which the magnetization is not markedly influenced by the pulse sequence. In addition, the sequences had to provide maximum transverse magnetization or complete inversion of the magnetization beside the suppression range. Such behaviour is needed for chemical shift selective imaging, pulsed magnetization transfer, and frequency selective spectroscopyin vivo. The phase of the magnetization response is shown and adequate rephasing conditions are discussed as well as the actual phase duration. Short optimized hard pulse sequences for water and fat-selective imaging provide lowT ₂-sensitivity of the resulting magnetization. The new optimized hard pulse sequences are suitable, if optimum suppression of signals at one single point in the Larmor frequency spectrum is less important than good suppression in a larger frequency range.     

Preprocessing of ionospheric echo Doppler spectra

The real-time information of the distant ionosphere can be acquired by using the Wuhan ionospheric oblique backscattering sounding system (WIOBSS), which adopts a discontinuous wave mechanism. After the characteristics of the ionospheric echo Doppler spectra were analyzed, the signal preprocessing was developed in this paper, which aimed at improving the Doppler spectra. The results indicate that the preprocessing not only makes the system acquire a higher ability of target detection but also suppresses the radio frequency interference by 6–7 dB. __________ Translated from Journal of Wuhan University (Natural Science), 2006, 52(1): 114–118 [译自: 武汉大学学报(理学版)]     

Efficient foldover suppression using SENSE

Parallel imaging techniques, which in principle represent procedures of unfolding a reduced dataset, are well known and well established in MR imaging. This paper presents a further application of one particular reconstruction method, the SENSE algorithm, considered from a different point of view to remove potential foldover in conventional images acquired with multiple receive coils. Based on the coil sensitivity information, a body coverage map in the excited plane is calculated. This is used together with the measured raw data in a SENSE-type reconstruction to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as well as to remove foldover reliably by unfolding the image to a larger field of view. The reconstruction is performed automatically, without any user interaction, and does not affect data acquisition. Based on phantom and in vivo studies, which retain high image quality after the removal, the potential and limits of this approach are discussed, also taking into account future scanner hardware that will support a large number of parallel receiver channels.Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank Romhild Hoogeveen from Philips Medical Systems in Best, Netherlands, for helpful discussions.     

电气控制系统电磁干扰及抑制策略

针对电气传动控制系统现场应用中电磁干扰问题的形成及其危害,并提出了相应的抗干扰策略。     

车载通信系统设备间互调干扰研究

在车载通信系统电磁兼容（EMC）测试中,车载电台间的互调干扰测试是很重要的内容.由于系统内的互调干扰相当严重,常常可以引起电台的通信信道完全阻塞.本文就是从系统电磁兼容的角度考虑,重点阐述了互调干扰的原理和测试方法,并给出了解决互调干扰问题的一些方法.     

ZDD—12型机转接电路中铃频信号串扰的原因分析

分析了ZDD - 12型电力线载波机在远动信号转接电路中时受串扰的原因 ,并提供了简便易行的解决方法     

Separating cyclostationary signals from spectrally overlapping interference

This paper studies an algorithm about separating spectrally overlapping signals using the cyclostationary properties of signals. On the basis of direct sequence spread system (DSSS), frequency shift filter is added into the receiver of the communication system. Although the structure of frequency shift filter is more complicated than the time-domain filter, it uses both time correlations and frequency spectrum correlations so it can achieve better performances on separating the overlapping signals. After the analysis of cyclostationary characteristic and frequency spectrum correlation, the structure of the frequency shift filter can be gained. Then, a self-adaptive algorithm is utilized for the purpose of achieving optimum multidimensional tap weights of frequency shift components. The simulation results indicate that this method can efficiently separate overlapping signals, and its error rate is lower than the time-domain filter or DSSS system by two orders of magnitude on the condition that high-power interference is added into the system. __________ Translated from Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2005, 35(3): 333–337 (in Chinese)     

火电厂热控系统抗干扰技术

对火力发电厂中热控系统干扰的产生及抑制进行了综合分析,并有针对性地提出了一些抗干扰的技术措施.     

窄带干扰对P波段InSAR干涉相位的影响分析

窄带干扰信号是P频段SAR回波中常见的一类射频干扰信号,它的存在会对该频段InSAR系统的干涉相位产生严重的影响.首先推导了SAR接收的窄带干扰信号的数学模型.基于该模型通过仿真分析了窄带干扰对P波段SAR图像和InSAR干涉相位的影响.结果表明,窄带干扰的存在,使SAR图像中出现较亮的干扰条带,在这些条带处,干涉条纹被完全破坏.此外,随着干信比的增加,InSAR的相干系数在下降,干涉相位标准差在增加.分析结果对P波段InSAR系统的设计具有重要意义.     

基于最大熵PDF估计的DSSS系统抗窄带干扰技术

为了抑制直接序列扩频(DSSS)系统中的强窄带干扰,提出了一种新的基于最大熵概率密度函数(PDF)估计的局部最优检测器(LOD).运用最大熵PDF估计来解析地表达LOD中观测噪声的PDF,并采用一种基于最小二乘法参数初始值设定的非线性Gauss-Newton算法来准确估计最大熵PDF中的拉格朗日系数.所采用的干扰抑制技术减少了LOD中观测噪声PDF估计不准确引入的误差,同时不需要任何训练数据和信号幅值信息.仿真结果表明:基于最大熵PDF估计的LOD干扰抑制技术能够强有力地抑制窄带干扰,复现直扩信号的三角相关特性.当输入干噪比为20dB时,经过此干扰抑制器后接收信号的干噪比改善量相对于线性自适应FIR滤波器和非线性自适应ACM滤波器分别有30 dB和26 dB的改善,同时信噪比损失量分别有3.1 dB和1.6 dB的改善,并且输入干噪比越大,干噪比改善量就越大.     

Post-processing water-fat imaging technique for fat suppression in a low-field MR imaging system,evaluation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of the phase difference-based post-processing water-fat imaging method for fat suppression at low-field in imaging of arthritic joints.Materials and methods: Thirty joints (wrist, 10; elbow, 10; knee, 10) in 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were imaged using a 0.23TMRI unit. Contrast-enhanced Tl-weighted (Tlw) three-dimensional (3D) gradient-echo (GRE) images with and without fat suppression along with short inversion time inversion-recovery (STIR) images were evaluated by two radiologists. Contrast-enhanced Tlw 3D GRE images and corresponding post-processed fat-suppressed images were scored for conspicuity and delineation of enhancing synovial hypertrophy. The uniformity of fat suppression was evaluated between Tlw 3D GRE fat-suppressed images and STIR images, and general image quality was estimated for all of the three techniques by consensus. For a quantitative analysis, the enhancing synovial hypertrophy-to-fat contrast-to-noise (CNR) values for the T1W 3D GRE images with and without fat suppression were measured. For comparison, synovial bright signal-to-fat CNR values for the STIR images were measured.Results: The post-processing water-fat imaging technique for fat suppression was successfully applied in all examinations. Conspicuity and delineation of enhancing tissue were superior in fat-suppressed Tlw 3D GRE images compared to non-fat-suppressed images (P < 0.0001). As expected, the enhancing synovial hypertrophy tissue-to-fat CNRs were significantly higher in fat-suppressed Tlw 3D GRE images compared to non-fat-suppressed images (P < 0.0001). General image quality was assessed to be best in non-fat-suppressed images, and the difference was significant compared to fat-suppressed images (P < 0.05) and STIR images (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The phase difference-based post-processing water-fat imaging technique for fat suppression can be successfully used at low-field, and it provides high-quality fat suppression images in imaging of arthritic joints.     

A keyhole echo planar hybrid imaging technique

A hybrid keyhole imaging method is presented which demonstrates theccombination of two distinctly different MR imaging techniques. In this work single shot EPI was used as a dynamic update scan for a conventional high resolution gradient echo acquisition. Problems associated with the integration of MR data from distinctly different imaging techniques are addressed. Illustration is provided by way of diffusion weighted imaging. This novel development requires further investigation which need not be limited to the hybridization of strictly Cartesian based scanning methods.     

基于自适应滤波的信号分离与窄带干扰抑制

变电站复杂的电磁环境有时会对变电站电气试验工作产生干扰。基于对干扰信号的分析,讨论了自适应滤波器的基本原理,围绕最小均方误差准则以及最小均方(LMS)算法,设计了一种自适应信号分离器,并基于自适应信号分离器研究了低频窄带干扰抑制,利用快速傅里叶分解(FFT)进行了频域分析,进而实现了窄带干扰抑制,研制了一种变电站用电磁环境净空间生成装置。实验仿真结果验证了所提设计的可行性和装置的有效性,南京地区220 kV以上变电站的现场试验表明,基于该方法研制的变电站用电磁净空间生成装置能可靠抑制干扰信号,有效提升试验效率。     

变电站刀闸操作产生电磁干扰及对保护影响的测量

该文对运行中500 kV变电站隔离刀闸操作过程中产生的电磁干扰及其对二次回路、保护影响进行了现场测量。本次测量使用数字存储示波器对干扰进行了记录。测量项目包括隔离刀闸切合母线在二次回路上产生电磁干扰的实际水平、特点等。对测量数据进行分析获得了电磁干扰的一些重要特征。为变电站电磁干扰分析以及保护防护研究提供了一些有意义的数据。     

ZPW2000系列移频信号谐波干扰处理方法研究

不平衡牵引电流与ZPW2000系列轨道电路移频信号存在共同传输通道,其中牵引回流和高次谐波成分都将对移频信号产生影响,当列车依靠CTCS-2级列车运行控制系统提供运行许可时,增加了安全运行风险。为有效去除高次谐波干扰,获取无绝缘轨道电路移频信息,设计了基于VMD与Hilbert变换相结合的移频信号处理方法。首先利用VMD将谐波干扰信号分解为若干不同频率段的IMF;然后对所有IMF求解中心频率,确定各谐波干扰频率,根据预测算法和相关性验证,确定当前无绝缘轨道电路所对应的本征模态函数;最后通过对该IMF进行Hilbert变换分析确定当前无绝缘轨道电路中移频信息。通过对仿真和实验室实测信号分析发现：该方法不但可以有效抑制模态混叠现象,使各谐波干扰成分从混合信号中准确的分离,而且能够准确求解出移频信息,为干扰条件下准确解调行车许可信号提供了借鉴意义。     

抑制PCB电磁辐射干扰的设计

针对现在PCB的多层化、器件的集成化、高速化,ΔI噪声成为共模辐射的主要来源。本文提出了如何采用阻尼电阻抑制PCB差模辐射;合理利用去耦电容器,应用多个电容并联的方式,并充分考虑PCB的层间电容,实现PCB共模辐射的抑制。