进口条件对旋风分离器性能影响研究

文中利用计算流体力学、连续相选用雷诺应力模型、离散相选用分散颗粒群轨迹模型,对不同进口速度（8 m/s、16 m/s、24 m/s和32 m/s）和进口角度（0°、2.5°、5°和10°）下旋风分离器内不同粒径（0～10μm）颗粒的气固两相流动特性和分离效率进行数值计算分析。研究发现,同一进口风速下,当粒径小于临界粒径时,分离效率相对较低且粒径大小对分离效率影响较小;当粒径大于临界粒径时,分离效率迅速增高至100%。对于小颗粒粒径,随着进口速度的增大,旋风分离器分离性能先增强后减弱。适当增加进口角度不仅能够提升小粒径颗粒的分离效率,还能减小旋风分离器的分离粒径。进口角度和进口速度对旋风分离器的分离性能影响较大。     

离心式污水泵叶轮磨损的数值模拟

针对离心污水泵内固液两相流动比较复杂的情况,用含沙水为工作介质,通过改变沙粒粒径和含沙水颗粒浓度的方法,对小粒径颗粒在离心污水泵内的流动进行了数值模拟。借助弄清内流场的速度、压力与颗粒分布,分析了粒径大小对泵内固体颗粒运动的影响和进口初始颗粒浓度对泵内压力和固相分布的影响,得出压力沿叶轮吸力面和压力面的分布规律以及固体颗粒沿叶片吸力面和压力面的分布规律,并在此基础上得出了离心污水泵叶轮的磨损特性。     

螺旋式旋风分离器气-固两相流的数值模拟

借助FLUENT软件包,采用RSM模型,对螺旋式旋风分离器内气-固两相流场进行模拟分析。结果表明：内部流场较稳定;切向、轴向速度具有类对称性,在分离区呈螺线结构特性;压力损失较小,对粒径小于5μm的颗粒具有一定的分离能力。     

旋流泵内颗粒分布特性及对泵性能的影响

基于Eulerian多相流模型和RNG κ-ε两方程湍流模型对旋流泵内的液固两相流场进行了数值模拟,获得了不同粒径、浓度时泵内的颗粒分布特性及对泵性能的影响。研究结果表明:固体颗粒进入泵内后主要集中于无叶腔内,无叶腔中的颗粒分布以泵轴为中心呈现一定的轴对称分布,随着粒径的增大,颗粒在无叶腔内壁面聚集的更加明显,随着浓度的增大,颗粒在无叶腔内的分布规律几乎没有变化,随着流量的增大,无叶腔中心部分颗粒浓度几乎不变的区域扩大;在叶轮内,叶片工作面附近的颗粒浓度要大于叶片背面的;随着粒径及浓度的增大旋流泵的效率会降低,随着粒径的增大泵的扬程会降低。     

应用PDA测量多重旋转气固两相流流场

采用相多普勒颗粒动态仪（ＰＤＡ）对复杂结构形成的多重旋转气固两以进行了试验研究,得出了旋流流场中气固两相地速度、端动能、颗粒粒径及浓度的分布规律。     

旋风分离器内颗粒浓度分布特性的数值分析

采用改进的雷诺应力模型和分散的颗粒随机轨道模型,并利用单元内颗粒源法对旋风分离器内的颗粒浓度分布进行数值模拟,与试验结果对比表明两者吻合较好,有较高的预报精度。数值模拟结果表明,旋风分离器外壁的颗粒浓度呈螺旋带状分布,且螺旋灰带以一定的频率上下窜动,在环形空间和灰斗的顶板下方存在顶灰环,且顶灰环不均匀,具有显著的非对称性;在分离空间下部排尘口附近有明显的颗粒返混,范围在排尘口上方约1.5 D (筒体直径)以内,排尘口上方的强旋流动对颗粒有显著的二次分离作用。讨论粒径(3～23 μm)、工作温度(20～ 1 000 ℃)、入口含尘浓度(0.03～10 kg/m3)和进气速度(12～30 m/s)对颗粒浓度分布特性的影响规律。     

水力旋流器细粒分离效率优化与数值模拟

水力旋流器内流体质点的切向速度、径向速度和轴向速度的分布规律及其流体动力学机理对于细粒分级粒径和效率具有决定性作用,并且受旋流器的结构参数、操作参数和物性参数等因素的影响。选用耐磨耐腐蚀的聚氨酯材料制造的不同规格固液分离水力旋流器,综合考虑分割粒径、处理流量、沉砂产率3项分离效率指标,通过多指标正交试验优化得到分离钙土的工作参数如下:旋流器直径50 mm,底流口直径10 mm,溢流口直径8 mm,并且在0.30 MPa给料压力下可达到分割粒径1.78μm,处理流量为2.39 m3/h的分离效率。同时针对优化后的旋流器工作参数,利用适用于旋流器湍流场的雷诺应力模型,运用FLUENT软件计算不同直径颗粒的亲水性固体在水动力中的速度场,得到分离介质的滞留时间为1.8×10 2s,反向轴速度最大可达3.08 m/s,最大切向速度半径为0.046 m,使得分离效率达到78.6%;从压力场的数值模拟结果看出,径向压强梯度从762.5 kPa/m增大到6 822.2 kPa/m,实现分割粒径达到1.78μm的效果。根据旋流器中压力场、速度场分布特征以及分离介质轨迹等数值模拟结果,提出延长分离介质的滞留时间、提高进料压力、降...     

固相粒径对深海采矿矿浆泵空化特性影响的规律

针对深海采矿矿浆泵空化现象,研究固相粒径对其空化特性的影响。根据空化核子理论、质能方程建立气液两相之间的质量转换方程,运用Fluent软件和Singhal et al的空化模型对在不同固相颗粒粒径工况下的深海采矿矿浆泵进行稳态全流道空化仿真研究。分析叶轮叶片背面压力和气相体积分布规律,对不同区间气相体积分数进行统计,计算出不同颗粒粒径下泵的空化余量和扬程。研究结果表明:随着固相颗粒的增大,叶轮叶片背面入口处的低压区面积逐渐扩展,泵的空化现象趋于严重,扬程下降。当粒径为25 mm时空化余量陡降至最低1.11m,空泡分布广泛,部分区域体积分数高达0.9;粒径从10 mm到25 mm的过程中扬程下降了8.67 m;继续增大粒径,泵的空化性能有所提升,空化余量稳定在3.5 m,但泵的扬程在空化和颗粒磨损共同作用下继续下降至65.3 m。     

大颗粒下螺旋离心泵内运动特性数值模拟与分析

以150×100LN-32型螺旋离心泵为模型,采用欧拉多流体、RNG k-ε模型对其内部进行三维数值模拟。对比不同颗粒粒径以及浓度情况下固液两相流场,分析了在大颗粒情况下,固体颗粒在螺旋离心泵内的运动情况。通过固相体积分数、压力以及速度分布,得出了大颗粒固液两相流在螺旋离心泵内的运动特性。并以此为参照,分析大颗粒情况下螺旋离心泵磨损情况。     

离心泵内低浓度固体颗粒运动的数值模拟

利用对颗粒在流场中的受力分析为基础的Eulerian - Lagrangian模型对离心式两相流泵内部稀相固体颗粒的运动情况进行了数值模拟.得出了不同粒径的颗粒在离心泵内运动的轨迹分布以及时间分布,并分析了颗粒粒径对其在泵内运动规律的影响,得出颗粒粒径在某一临界值上下时,颗粒在泵内分别有着大致相同的运动轨迹,为离心式两相流泵的设计及其性能的提高提供了一定的理论依据.     

基于CFD-PBM积分矩量法旋风分离器中颗粒聚团的数值模拟

为了得到颗粒聚团对旋风分离器分离性能的影响,在不同入口颗粒浓度与入口气速下研究其对分离效率的影响。采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)计算湍流流场,通过群体平衡模型(PBM)耦合CFD对颗粒相进行数值计算。研究结果表明:时间为2 s时,旋风分离器内的聚团作用已经趋于稳定,颗粒粒径在1.5μm到3μm范围的颗粒在旋风分离器内基本无法被捕集,而粒径大于5μm的颗粒其分离效率接近于100%;随着入口颗粒浓度的增加,总体分离效率增加,而增加入口气体速度,对分离效率的影响并不是很大。     

抛物线型旋流器分离特性的数值模拟和试验研究

针对水力旋流器易出现底流夹细的问题,提出并设计了一种抛物线型旋流器,利用模拟软件Fluent 14.5对比分析了传统型和抛物线型旋流器的内部流场和分离性能,并进行了试验研究。模拟结果表明,与传统旋流器相比,抛物线型旋流器内部流场更加稳定,有效避免了因流场紊乱造成的粗细颗粒混杂。进一步的试验研究显示,抛物线型旋流器底流中细颗粒的含量明显降低,分离粒度由30μm增加到49μm,陡度指数由0.13增加到0.2,表明旋流器的分离精度提高,底流夹细现象得到明显改善。     

Continuous separation of multiple size microparticles using alternating current dielectrophoresis in microfluidic device with acupuncture needle electrodes

The need to continuously separate multiple microparticles is required for the recent development of lab-on-chip technology. Dielectrophoresis(DEP)-based separation device is extensively used in kinds of microfluidic applications. However, such conventional DEP-based device is relatively complicated and difficult for fabrication. A concise microfluidic device is presented for effective continuous separation of multiple size particle mixtures. A pair of acupuncture needle electrodes are creatively employed and embedded in a PDMS(poly-dimethylsiloxane) hurdle for generating non-uniform electric field thereby achieving a continuous DEP separation. The separation mechanism is that the incoming particle samples with different sizes experience different negative DEP(n DEP) forces and then they can be transported into different downstream outlets. The DEP characterizations of particles are calculated, and their trajectories are numerically predicted by considering the combined action of the incoming laminar flow and the n DEP force field for guiding the separation experiments. The device performance is verified by successfully separating a three-sized particle mixture, including polystyrene microspheres with diameters of 3 μm, 10 μm and 25 μm. The separation purity is below 70% when the flow rate ratio is less than 3.5 or more than 5.1, while the separation purity can be up to more than 90% when the flow rate ratio is between 3.5 and 5.1 and meanwhile ensure the voltage output falls in between 120 V and 150 V. Such simple DEP-based separation device has extensive applications in future microfluidic systems.     

基于固体颗粒尺寸分布的微孔滤膜堵塞机理分析

滤膜堵塞法是一种半定量的油液污染度检测方法,研究固体颗粒尺寸分布与滤膜堵塞机理的关系有助于该检测方法的定量化。利用AC细粉尘及煤粉配制了8种不同尺寸分布的悬浮溶液,选择了10 μm、15 μm两种不同尺寸的微孔滤膜,对其堵塞机理与溶液中固体颗粒尺寸分布的关系进行试验研究。基于膜孔尺寸将颗粒划分为可通过颗粒、敏感颗粒、架桥颗粒及易挡孔颗粒,将溶液恒压下通过微孔滤膜的流量衰减曲线与经典堵塞模型的堵塞指数相结合,分析不同类型颗粒在膜孔堵塞中的作用以及不同颗粒尺寸分布对应的滤膜堵塞机理。分析结果表明,微孔滤膜堵塞机理与溶液尺寸分布规律相对应,与膜孔尺寸的选择无关;溶液中的敏感颗粒越多,对滤膜的初始堵塞会越严重,越易形成滤饼;对于可通过小颗粒较多、敏感颗粒和架桥颗粒适量、易挡孔颗粒较少这种液压系统中常见的颗粒尺寸分布规律,微孔滤膜的堵塞以标准堵塞-滤饼过滤为主要机理。首次从颗粒尺寸分布的角度分析微米级滤膜堵塞机理,分析结果有助于建立滤膜通量与固体污染颗粒尺寸分布之间的关系,从而提高滤膜堵塞法的油液污染度检测精度。     

CFD-DPTM-VOF numerical simulation of particle motion and entrainment under the action of single and double bubbles

In this paper, the three-phase flow, particle motion and entrainment process under the action of single and double bubbles were simulated through the use of computational fluid dynamics-deterministic particle track model-volume of fluid (CFD-DPTM-VOF). First, the physical model was established and the gas-liquid was regarded as a continuous phase. The gas-liquid flow was modeled as turbulent, described by the RNG k-ε model. The volume of fluid (VOF) was used for establishing the gas-liquid interface. Particles were regarded as a discrete phase. DPTM were used for tracking particle motion. Second, the simulation results were compared with the experimental results based on the analysis of grid independence. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. Third, the influence of bubble motion on particle distribution and entrainment was revealed through simulation and analysis. The entrainment law of 10, 50, 100, and 500 μm particles were described qualitatively and quantitatively. Numerical results showed that the vortex region formed by the rising bubbles had a notable entrainment effect on the 10, 50, and 100 μm particles, which caused the bottom of the bubbles to form upward velocity. The 10 μm particles were mostly suspended in the liquid pool, while the 500 μm particles were mostly unaffected by bubble entrainment and mainly concentrated at the bottom of the liquid pool. In addition, the height of entrainment and number of entrainment particles decreased as particle size increased under the action of single and double bubbles. Our findings indicate that, compared with single bubble, double bubbles have two entrainment processes, and particles can be carried to a higher height with an increased number of entrained particles at the same time. The work lays a foundation for further explorations on the gas-liquid-solid flows and possible industry applications.     

直流式旋风分离器参数优化仿真与试验

为了在产品方案设计阶段验证直流式旋风分离器性能,利用罗辛-拉姆特函数对试验粉尘(ISO 12103-A4)粒径分布进行拟合。利用Fluent软件对直流式旋风分离器进行性能仿真,为满足分离效率不低于85%,降低流阻的需求,利用Optislang软件对旋风分离器结构参数进行优化,结果表明:粉尘平均粒径为42.27 μm,粒径分布指数1.126;分离器入口粉尘浓度由1%增至5%,分离效率不变,流阻由31.09 kPa增大至31.45 kPa;旋流叶片螺距对流阻敏感度为99.7%,对分离效率敏感度为94.3%,旋流叶片长度对流阻不敏感但对分离效率有5.8%的敏感度;通过匹配旋流叶片螺距及叶片长度,实现流阻由31.09 kPa降到12.12 kPa,分离效率仅降低4.01%。
     

液压油箱用固液旋流分离器分离效率影响规律

颗粒物污染是影响移动装备液压元件及系统性能的主要原因之一,液压油箱考虑去除杂质功能会增加其设计容积,不利于液压系统轻量化设计。应用离心分离的原理,使不同密度的介质在高速旋转的流场中进行分级筛选,可快速去除液压油中大颗粒污染物,提高液压系统可靠性,提升过滤器使用寿命。由于旋流分离器中流场的流动形式复杂,预测旋流分离器内部的流场特性、颗粒运动轨迹十分困难。因此,研究旋流分离器流场流动规律和污染物旋流分离机理,可以为液压系统污染物分离和去除提供理论基础。针对固液旋流分离器的流场分布规律和污染物分离效率的影响规律展开研究。根据旋流分离理论设计了固液旋流分离器结构,分析旋流分离器不同直径和长度下,固液旋流分离器轴向速度、切向速度的分布规律,通过粒子图像测速法对仿真结果进行试验验证,得到结构参数对分离效率的影响规律。结果表明,当中心的轴向速度为负值、壁面附近的轴向速度为正值时,切向速度越大,越有利于分离液压油中的颗粒。该研究结果可对液压油箱用固液旋流分离器的结构设计提供理论指导。     

Particle size effects on the slurry erosion of aluminium alloy (AA 6063)

The effect of particle size on erosion wear of aluminium alloy (AA 6063) has been investigated in a slurry pot tester. Eight different sized quartz particles with mean size varying between 37.5 and 655 μm have been used. The wear specimens are rotated inside the pot at 3 m/s velocity with orientation angle of 30° and 90° in a sand–water mixture of 20% concentration (by weight). It is seen that the erosion wear increases with increase in mean particle size. Two distinct mechanisms are noticed for mean particle size above 200 μm and below this size for the range of parameters under this investigation. It seems that a threshold kinetic energy of impacting particle may exist, which results in change in the wear rate at a particular particle size. The threshold kinetic energy for different operating conditions has been determined and its relation with the change in erosion mechanism is discussed.     

Characterizing cavitation erosion particles by analysis of SEM images

Wear particles produced by vibratory cavitation erosion on stationary-aluminum Al-99.999 were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), forming a database for further analysis. The particle morphology features were first clarified based on the characteristic stages of the vibratory erosion rate-time pattern. Next, size, area, perimeter and shape factors (elongation and roundness) were determined for eroded particles, using image analysis software. In incubation period, the particles have distinctive characteristics which differed from that for the subsequent periods. These characteristics include the value of longitudinal ratio and roundness factor, limit size range and morphological features such as lamella shape, folding, curving with one of the particle surfaces as the virgin surface. In acceleration, steady-state and attenuation periods, the particles have a wide size range and larger thickness compared with that for the incubation period. The maximum particle size reached about 360 μm in acceleration and steady-state period. For all the cavitation erosion rate periods, the particles were out of sphericity and they have a roundness factor larger than 2. Detailed surface characteristics of the particles produced during cavitation erosion is significant and can open ways for monitoring the cavitation erosion progress.