高低叶片对旋流泵性能影响的研究

通过对旋流泵内部流道进行三维造型,利用雷诺时均方程、双方程湍流模型并结合SIM-PLEC算法对旋流泵内部三维不可压缩湍流场进行数值模拟,得出旋流泵内部的压力分布。通过对三种不同高度差的弯曲叶片模拟结果进行对比,发现高低叶片能够改善旋流泵水力性能。在模拟的基础上进行了试验研究,结果表明：模拟结果是正确的;高低叶片能够减小水力损失,提高旋流泵的扬程和效率;3种叶轮中,2个对称分布叶片比其余4个叶片高的叶轮的水力性能最好,效率提高约3%。     

高低叶片对旋流泵性能影响的试验研究

本文对现有的旋流泵叶轮进行研究分析后,对3种不同比转速的叶轮进行重新设计,通过改变成不同高度的叶片数,对旋流泵的性能进行试验研究,获得了旋流泵的高叶片数不同时对其性能影响的变化规律,并对变化原因进行了分析。结果证明,高低叶片能够减小水力损失,提高旋流泵的扬程和效率,特别是当旋流泵叶轮的叶片数为6片时,2个对称分布的叶片比其余4个叶片高的叶轮的水力性能要好;当叶轮的叶片数为8片或10片时,3个均匀分布的叶片比其余叶片高的叶轮的水力性能要好,效率提高约3%。     

叶片形式对旋流泵性能的影响

旋流泵因其具有无堵塞的优点而在疏浚清淤工程得以广泛应用。叶片是旋流泵的关键部件,改变叶片形式会引起旋流泵内部流场发生截然不同的变化,从而改变旋流泵性能。本文针对直叶片、后弯叶片、前弯叶片和双向倾斜叶片4种叶片形式,通过数值模拟手段,研究了不同叶片形式对旋流泵扬程、功率和效率等性能参数的影响。研究表明,泵叶腔内流体由后弯叶片所获得的速度较小,向无叶腔流体传递的能量较少,而在这种传递过程中,后弯叶片所产生的漩涡强度和范围却远远高于其它3种叶轮,故采用后弯叶轮的旋流泵扬程、轴功率和效率均为最低。而采用直叶片形式可以使旋流泵获得最大效率。本文研究可以为旋流泵的叶片设计提供参考。     

蜗壳对离心式潜水排污泵性能影响的研究

针对WQ100-18-7.5型潜水排污泵,研究了不同蜗壳对泵性能的影响。对初始设计的泵进行外特性试验,发现泵扬程不足,效率较低。又以数值模拟作为研究手段,分析了设计工况下泵内部的流动、速度矢量及静压分布,研究结果表明:叶轮压力面靠近进口处出现明显的脱流及旋涡,蜗壳出口堵塞严重,隔舌附近压力梯度大,导致叶轮出口液流角发生较大改变,泵内部流场不均匀,并发现蜗壳内部损失与叶轮做功大小的比值为61.5%。通过采取增大蜗壳扩散段的过流断面面积,提高蜗壳出口距离中心的高度等优化措施后,再以同样的方法进行数值模拟,结果发现优化后的泵内部流场获得明显改善,叶片压力面上的旋涡程度减弱,蜗壳内部压力分布均匀,出水顺畅。将优化后的蜗壳经加工制作后进行外特性试验,扬程提高12.46 m以上,机组效率增加约40%。     

圆盘泵叶片结构形式对泵外特性影响分析

叶片圆盘泵作为一种新型泵,其扬程和效率有待进一步提高。叶片结构形式是影响叶片圆盘泵扬程和效率的重要因素之一。运用计算流体力学软件Fluent对不同工况下叶片圆盘泵内部全流场进行三维数值模拟,分别研究了叶片数目、叶片宽度及叶片形状对泵扬程和效率的影响。计算结果表明,在一定范围内,随着叶片数目的增加、叶片宽度的减小,以及采用叶片轴向截面为梯形的叶轮能有效改善泵的性能,分析结果可为叶片圆盘泵结构优化设计与性能提高提供理论依据。     

用数值模拟研究叶片数变化对离心挖泥泵性能的影响

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件,在双参考坐标系下,利用有限体积法对雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程进行数值离散模拟。选用Realizableκ-ε湍流模型、SIMPLEC方法求解,对2台离心挖泥泵在不同叶片数下的内部流场进行了叶轮和蜗壳的数值模拟,研究叶片数变化对挖泥泵性能的影响。当叶片数由3枚增加到4枚后,泵的扬程和效率都大幅提高,其中扬程提高了大约17%左右,轴功率提高了12%左右,效率提高了5%左右,该研究结果对挖泥泵设计人员具有一定参考价值。     

低比速离心式消防泵的设计与试验研究 

基于加大流量设计法,采取增加分流叶片和增大喉部面积等措施,提出了低比速离心式消防泵的设计方法。运用FLUENT软件对设计的样泵进行了数值模拟,计算结果表明,泵内部流动稳定,静压分布合理,湍动能小且分布均匀。设计的样泵性能曲线平坦,高效区宽,效率高,满足了消防泵的特殊性能要求。通过对比试验讨论了分流叶片和喉部面积对消防泵性能的影响,试验结果表明：分流叶片可以有效地控制轴向旋涡,提高泵的扬程和效率;增大喉部面积有利于获得平坦的性能曲线,同时可以扩大高效区范围和提高最高效率。     

炉水循环泵内部流动特性研究

炉水循环泵是机泵一体的高温高压无轴封泵,运用ANSYS-CFX软件对365WLB-965型炉水循环泵样机的内部流场进行数值模拟和试验验证。结果表明,在常温常压工况下,数值模拟与真机试验的扬程及效率变化趋势大致相同,扬程基本相符,模拟效率高于真机试验效率。在高温高压小流量工况下,叶轮内部存在少量旋涡,导叶内部旋涡较多;随着流量的增大,流动更加稳定,叶轮流域速度分布更加均匀,导叶内部旋涡越来越少;在1.2Q流量时,流动最为稳定;流量继续变大时,旋涡重新出现,但相对稳定;泵体内部流动紊乱,旋涡较多,局部存在低压区;球体截面直径减小的过程中,旋涡越来越多,旋涡随流量的增大逐渐减少,流动速度随流量的增大逐渐增大。炉水循环泵应避免在小流量区运行,可对其导叶进行优化设计来提高炉水循环泵样机额定工况下的性能。     

背叶片对离心料浆泵性能影响研究

背叶片经常被应用到特种离心泵设计中,它的设计影响了离心泵的扬程、效率等水力性能。文中针对背叶片的高度、形状等几何参数对离心泵的性能影响作了数值模拟研究,分别对设置有后弯式与直型背叶片的四种不同形状的离心泵内部流场作了三维湍流数值模拟,分析了因背叶片高度不同、型线不同对泵水力性能与内部流场的影响。结果表明,带后弯式背叶片的泵扬程和效率均较直型背叶片高。由不同高度背叶片中间截面压力分布图的对比分析发现,随着背叶片高度的减小,背叶片中间截面压力分布越来越均匀。后弯式背叶片中间截面压力分布较直型背叶片的均匀,直型背叶片相邻两叶片之间均存在非常强烈的回流与旋涡,后弯式背叶片随着高度的减小,相邻两叶片中间流道的流动越来越顺畅。随着背叶片高度的减小,其对泵性能的影响程度亦减小,实际上存在一个合理的背叶片高度的取值。本分析结果为离心料浆泵背叶片的设计提供了参考依据。     

基于CFX的导叶与叶片间距对泵装置性能改变的研究

基于CFX采用数值模拟方法计算轴流泵导叶进口边与叶轮叶片出口边的平行间距S的变化对泵装置性能的影响。在质量守恒定理和动量守恒定理的基础上,应用Navier-Stoke方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,通过对轴流泵全流道三维湍流数值模拟,求解了导叶出口处的速度场和压力场。分析了S=9mm,S=12mm,S=15mm 3种情况下,流量、扬程、功率和效率的关系,研究了轴流泵导叶进口边与叶轮叶片出口边的平行间距的变化对泵装置性能的影响。     

Effects of Blade Number on Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps

The blade number of impeller is an important design parameter of pumps,which affects the characteristics of pump heavily.At present,the investigation focuses mostly on the performance characteristics of axis flow pumps,the influence of blade number on inner flow filed and characteristics of centrifugal pump has not been understood completely.Therefore,the methods of numerical simulation and experimental verification are used to investigate the effects of blade number on flow field and characteristics of a centrifugal pump.The model pump has a design specific speed of 92.7 and an impeller with 5 blades.The blade number is varied to 4,6,7 with the casing and other geometric parameters keep constant.The inner flow fields and characteristics of the centrifugal pumps with different blade number are simulated and predicted in non-cavitation and cavitation conditions by using commercial code FLUENT.The impellers with different blade number are made by using rapid prototyping,and their characteristics are tested in an open loop.The comparison between prediction values and experimental results indicates that the prediction results are satisfied.The maximum discrepancy of prediction results for head,efficiency and required net positive suction head are 4.83%,3.9% and 0.36 m,respectively.The flow analysis displays that blade number change has an important effect on the area of low pressure region behind the blade inlet and jet-wake structure in impellers.With the increase of blade number,the head of the model pumps increases too,the variable regulation of efficiency and cavitation characteristics are complicated,but there are optimum values of blade number for each one.The research results are helpful for hydraulic design of centrifugal pump.     

离心泵叶片出口边三角切割方法的研究与探讨

提出三角切割叶片出口边消除性能曲线驼峰的方法,以Y80-100低比转速离心泵为研究对象,利用CFD数值模拟和样机试验检测两种方法开展了相关研究。研究表明,三角切割叶片出口边能够得到稳定的性能曲线,且工况点扬程、效率变化不大。同时,对三角切割尺寸与性能参数之间的关系进行了分析,给出了最佳切割尺寸。     

混流式核主泵叶轮叶片厚度分布规律对能量性能的影响

采用数值计算方法,开展混流式核主泵叶轮叶片自前盖板至后盖板方向厚度分布规律对能量性能影响的研究。通过对5种具有不同厚度分布规律叶片的叶轮进行比较分析,探索最佳叶片厚度比值和其对叶片表面静压力分布规律的影响。结果表明:当叶片后盖板处厚度与前盖板处厚度比值L=1.5时,叶轮的水力效率达到最高,当L=1.25时叶片做功能力低,叶轮内能量损失大,水力效率较低;在小流量工况下,随着比值L的增加,相同流量下扬程和水力效率都随之升高;在大流量工况下,扬程和水力效率都随着L的增大而降低;叶轮流道内压能沿着前盖板至后盖板方向增大并且最大压能位置向中间移动。     

Influence of blade thickness on transient flow characteristics of centrifugal slurry pump with semi-open impeller

As the critical component, the impellers of the slurry pumps usually have blades of a large thickness. The increasing excretion coefficient of the blades affects the flow in the impeller resulting in a relatively higher hydraulic loss, which is rarely reported. In order to investigate the influence of blade thickness on the transient flow characteristics of a centrifugal slurry pump with a semi-open impeller, transient numerical simulations were carried out on six impellers, of which the meridional blade thickness from the leading edge to trailing edge varied from 5-10 mm, 5-15 mm, 5-20 mm, 10-10 mm, 10-15 mm, and 10-20 mm, respectively. Then, two of the six impellers, namely cases 4 and 6, were manufactured and experimentally tested for hydraulic performance to verify the simulation results. Results of these tests agreed reasonably well with those of the numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that when blade thickness increases, pressure fluctuations at the outlet of the impeller become severe. Moreover, the standard deviation of the relative velocity in the middle portion of the suction sides of the blades decreases and that at the outlet of the impeller increases. Thus, the amplitude of the impeller head pulsation for each case increases. Meanwhile, the distribution of the time-averaged relative flow angle becomes less uniform and decreases at the outlet of the impeller. Hence, as the impeller blade thickness increases, the pump head drops rapidly and the maximum efficiency point is offset to a lower flow rate condition. As the thickness of blade trailing edge increases by 10 mm, the head of the pump drops by approximately 5 m, which is approximately 10 % of the original pump head. Futhermore, it is for the first time that the time-averaged relative flow angle is being considered for the analysis of transient flow in centrifugal pump. The presented work could be a useful guideline in engineering practice when designing a centrifugal slurry pump with thick impeller blades.

     

双向轴流泵装置性能预测与内部流动分析

对一采用S形叶片的双向轴流泵装置进行数值研究,在不同流量工况条件下分析泵的正、反向运转性能,对该泵的瞬时启动过程进行了监测并对泵内的非定常空化现象进行了分析。研究表明,正、反向运转时,泵的性能存在明显的差异,反向的扬程和效率均高于正向;在泵正向启动过程中,叶轮背面进口边产生空化区,反向运转时未发生明显的空化现象;两种运转模式下,叶轮进出口断面上压力脉动特征频率分布相似,但叶轮进口的压力脉动幅值较高。     

High-efficiency design optimization of a centrifugal pump

Design optimization of a backward-curved blades centrifugal pump with specific speed of 150 has been performed to improve hydraulic performance of the pump using surrogate modeling and three-dimensional steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes analysis. The shear stress transport model was used for the analysis of turbulence. Four geometric variables defining the blade hub inlet angle, hub contours, blade outlet angle, and blade angle profile of impeller were selected as design variables, and total efficiency of the pump at design flow rate was set as the objective function for the optimization. Thirty-six design points were chosen using the Latin hypercube sampling, and three different surrogate models were constructed using the objective function values calculated at these design points. The optimal point was searched from the constructed surrogate model by using sequential quadratic programming. The optimum designs of the centrifugal pump predicted by the surrogate models show considerable increases in efficiency compared to a reference design. Performance of the best optimum design was validated compared to experimental data for total efficiency and head.     

基于正交设计法的中比转速泵无过载优化设计

以D82-19-2型中比转速离心泵为研究对象,选取导叶喉部面积、叶片数、叶片包角、叶轮出口直径、叶轮出口宽度、叶片出口角、叶轮进口直径7个参数为变量,运用正交设计法制定七因素三水平正交方案L18(37),借助数值模拟方法对泵的性能进行预测,通过分析得到了几何参数对中比转速离心泵性能影响的主次顺序:叶片数对扬程和效率的影响起主要作用,叶片包角对轴功率的影响起主要作用;正交优化方案的数值模拟结果表明,该方案既满足无过载性能的要求,又保持了较高的效率,可为中比转速离心泵无过载设计提供参考。     

EFFECTS OF SPLITTER BLADES ON THE LAW OF INNER FLOW WITHIN CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IMPELLER

Analysis on the inner flow field of a centrifugal pump impeller with splitter blades is carried out by numerical simulation. Based on this analysis, the principle of increasing pump head and efficiency are discussed. New results are obtained from the analysis of turbulence kinetic energy and relative velocity distribution: Firstly, unreasonable length or deviation design of the splitter blades may cause great turbulent fluctuation in impeller channel, which has a great effect on the stability of impeller outlet flow; Secondly, it is found that the occurrence of flow separation can be decreased or delayed with splitter blades from the analysis of blade loading; Thirdly, the effect of splitter blades on reforming the structure of "jet-wake" is explained from the relative velocity distribution at different flow cross-sections, which shows the flow process in the impeller. The inner flow analysis verifies the results of performance tests results and the PIV test.