基于模拟复合正交神经网络的曲线重建方法

在数字复合正交神经网络的基础上提出一种模拟复合正交神经网络,并用于曲线重建.由于模拟神经网络采用连续学习算法,故网络学习收敛速度快.仿真结果表明,在单变量和多变量复杂函数曲线重建中,用模拟复合正交神经网络方法重建的曲线具有很高的逼近精度.本文提出的曲线重建方法是一种快速有效的方法.由于该模拟神经网络可望用模拟电路实现硬件化,因此在图象图形实时处理中具有很好的工程应用前景.     

Perceptually Grounded Language Learning: Part 1—A Neural Network Architecture for Robust Sequence Association

In this two-part series, we explore how a perceptually based foundation for natural language semantics might be acquired, via association of sensory/motor experiences with verbal utterances describing those experiences. In Part 1, we introduce a novel neural network architecture, termed Katamic memory, that is inspired by the neurocircuitry of the cerebellum and that exhibits (a) rapid/robust sequence learning/recogmtion and (b) allows integrated learning and performance. These capabilities are due to novel neural elements, which model dendritic structure and function in greater detail than in standard connectionist models. In Part 2, we describe the DETE system, a massively parallel proceduraljneural hybrid model that utilizes over 50 Katamic memory modules to perform two associative learning tasks: (a) verbal-to-visual / motor association—given a verbal sequence, DETE learns to regenerate a neural representation of the visual sequence being described and/or to carry out motor commands; and (b) visual/motor-to-verbal association—given a visual/motor sequence, DETE learns to produce a verbal sequence describing the visual input. DETE can learn verbal sequences describing spatial relations and motions of 2D 'blob-like objects; in addition, the system can also generalize to novel inputs. DETE has been tested successfully on small, restricted subsets of English and Spanish—languages that differ in inflectional properties, word order and how they categorize perceptual reality.     

Neural network-based control for the fiber placement composite manufacturing process

At McDonnell Douglas Aerospace (MDA), an artificial neural network-based control system has been developed and implemented to control laser heating for the fiber placement composite manufacturing process. This neurocontroller learns the inverse model of the process on-line to provide performance that improves with experience and exceeds that of conventional feedback control techniques. When untrained, the control system behaves as a proportional-integral (PI) controller. However, after learning from experience, the neural network feedforward control module provides control signals that greatly improve temperature tracking performance. Faster convergence to new temperature set points and reduced temperature deviation due to changing feed rate have been demonstrated on the machine. A cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) network is used for inverse modeling because of its rapid learning performance. This control system is implemented in an IBM-compatible 386 PC with an A/D board interface to the machine. Work supported by the McDonnell Douglas Independent Research and Development Program Export Authority: 22CFR 125.4(b)(13)     

A spiking half-cognitive model for classification

This paper describes a spiking neural network that learns classes. Following a classic Psychological task, the model learns some types of classes better than other types, so the net is a spiking cognitive model of classification. A simulated neural system, derived from an existing model, learns natural kinds, but is unable to form sufficient attractor states for all of the types of classes. An extension of the model, using a combination of singleton and triplets of input features, learns all of the types. The models make use of a principled mechanism for spontaneous firing, and a compensatory Hebbian learning rule. Combined, the mechanisms allow learning to spread to neurons not directly stimulated by the environment. The overall network learns the types of classes in a fashion broadly consistent with the Psychological data. However, the order of speed of learning the types is not entirely consistent with the Psychological data, but may be consistent with one of two Psychological systems a given person possesses. A Psychological test of this hypothesis is proposed.     

神经网络学习算法存在的问题及对策

BP算法是前馈神经网络训l练中应用最多的算法，仉其具有收敛慢和陷入局部极值的严重缺点。为了克服其缺点，近年来人们做了大量的工作。本文从改进的BP算法、智能优化算法、混合学习策略等方面评述了目前应用于前馈神经网络优化的算法，对各种算法的优缺点进行了分析，并给出克服现有算法缺陷的对策。     

Combining Prior Symbolic Knowledge and Constructive Neural Network Learning

The concepts of knowledge-based systems and machine learning are combined by integrating an expert system and a constructive neural networks learning algorithm. Two approaches are explored: embedding the expert system directly and converting the expert system rule base into a neural network. This initial system is then extended by constructively learning additional hidden units in a problem-specific manner. Experiments performed indicate that generalization of a combined system surpasses that of each system individually.     

一种基于混合神经网络的机械手移动轨迹自动控制技术研究

针对现有机械手移动偏差控制技术存在的轨迹控制不连续、复杂度高、综合效率低等问题,以机器学习和深度学习为基础提出一种混合神经网络控制算法。分析机械手各关节、连杆的空间坐标转换关系,以RBF为基础构建混合神经网络模型,选用逆多二次函数作为模型的激活函数,分别确定中间隐层和输出层的权值;引入LSTM长短记忆算法,利用LSTM算法的输入门、遗忘门和输出门结构设计,抑制坐标数据训练时出现的梯度膨胀问题,并给出精确的轨迹修正指令。仿真结果表明：提出的混合神经网络算法采样点轨迹偏差均值为0.02 mm,VARP值趋近于0,具有更好的自动控制稳定性和更高的控制效率。     

基于CAPSO-RBF的磁悬浮系统控制研究

为解决传统控制器磁悬浮球系统快速性和稳定性易受干扰等问题,建立云自适应粒子群优化(CAPSO)的RBF神经网络监督控制器。通过RBF神经网络学习整定PD控制器的输出后采用云自适应粒子群算法对RBF网络的3个参数进行归一动态优化。采用原有RBF神经网络梯度下降法、粒子群算法、云自适应粒子群算法分别训练后进行对比控制仿真。结果表明：基于CAPSO-RBF的混合控制算法实现了磁悬浮球系统自适应控制,其动态性能和稳态性方面有较好的提升。     

用BP算法建立ANN模型时学习率的选取

对于用BP算法学习的神经元网络,不同层中神经元进入饱和状态后对网络学习过程的危害程度是不同的。以3-3-1结构的网络及其用BP算法修正连接权值的过程,对比分析了输出层和隐含层神经元进入饱和后对网络学习过程的影响。并对实验证明了不同层采用不同学习率可以改善网络学习收敛速度。     

基于GA-BP神经网络的气压伺服系统辨识研究

气压伺服系统控制器的优化设计依赖于准确的系统模型。针对系统的非线性问题,研究采用神经网络进行系统辨识的原理和结构;考虑传统BP算法存在局部收敛、学习速度慢的问题,采用遗传算法对神经网络的初值和权值进行优化,并采用LM算法进行网络学习,最终建立系统的神经网络辨识模型。通过仿真对比神经网络辨识结果与传统线性模型辨识结果,结果表明:基于GA-BP神经网络的辨识模型精度较高,适用于非线性系统辨识。     

模糊神经网络在感应电机矢量控制中的应用

本文提出了一种基于模糊神经网络速度控制器（FNNC）的感应电机矢量控制系统,兼具模糊逻辑处理不确定信息的能力和神经网络的自学习能力,阐明了神经网络的结构设计、样本选取及训练方法。人工神经网络（ANN）的初始权值和阈值通过离线学习得到,模糊逻辑规则通过专家经验总结。仿真结果表明采用所提出的模糊神经网络的感应电机矢量控制系统,转速响应快,跟踪性能好,稳态误差大大减小,有效提高了系统的性能。     

Perceptually Grounded Language Learning: Part 2—DETE: A Neural/Procedural Model

In Part 1 of this two-part series, we introduced Katamic memory—a neural network architecture capable of robust sequence learning and recognition. In Part 2, we introduce the Blobs World taskjdomain for language learning and describe the DETE language learning system, which is composed of over 50 Katamic memory modules. DETE currently learns small subsets of English and Spanish via association with perceptual! motor inputs. In addition to Kaiamic memory, DETE employs several other novel features: (1) use of feature planes, to encode visual shapes, spatial relationships and the motions of objects, (2) phase-locking of neural firing, in order to represent focus of atention and to bind objects across multiple feature planes, and (3) a method for encoding temporal relationships, so that DETE can learn utterances involving the immediate past and future. We compare DETE to related models and discuss the implications of this approach for language-learning research.     

Tracking control of two-wheel driven mobile robot using compound sine function neural networks

The purpose of this paper is to propose a compound sine function neural network (NN) with continuous learning algorithm for the velocity and orientation angle tracking control of a mobile robot. Herein, two NN controllers embedded in the closed-loop control system are capable of on-line continuous learning and do not require any knowledge of the dynamics model. The neuron function of the hidden layer in the three-layer feed-forward network structure is on the basis of combining a sine function with a unipolar sigmoid function. In the NN algorithm, the weight values are only adjusted between the nodes in hidden layer and the output nodes, while the weight values between the input layer and the hidden layer are one, that is, constant, without the weight adjustment. The developed NN controllers have simple algorithm and fast learning convergence. Therefore, the proposed NN controllers can be suitable for the real-time tracking control of the mobile robots. The simulation results show that the proposed NN controller has better control performance in the tracking control of the mobile robot. The compound sine function NN provides a new way to solve tracking control problems for a mobile robot.     

复合正交柔性神经网络及其应用

针对目前神经网络所存在的不足,提出一种带参数的单极性Sigmoid函数的柔性复合正交神经网络,并给出相应的参数学习算法,这种柔性复合正交神经网络不仅扩大了网络辨识模型的能力与学习适应性,而且算法简单,学习收敛速度快,有线性,非线性逼近精度高等优异特性。以模型辨识作为应用实例,仿真结果表明,其算法是有效的,柔性神经网络能提高正交神经网络的性能。     

基于遗传算法和神经网络的软脆工件研磨加工工艺智能决策系统

目的解决研磨抛光工艺决策中工艺试验耗时耗力的问题,实现在研磨抛光加工中根据加工工艺参数对加工质量进行预估。方法采用遗传算法优化的BP神经网络为主要算法,构建智能预测模型,建立研磨加工中输入参数和输出参数之间的映射关系。然后收集有效的输入参数和输出参数作为网络训练和测试的样本数据集,通过遗传算法对神经网络的初始化权值和偏置进行优化,用样本数据集训练神经网络。同时,在决策系统的理论基础上,将神经网络与决策系统进行结合,利用神经网络的学习能力建立智能决策的数据库和规则库,最终建立智能决策系统。结果与无改进的BP神经网络的决策方法相比,无论是在预测精度,还是学习速度上,遗传算法优化的神经网络性能更加优异,决策系统的决策效果更好。结论研磨加工工艺智能决策系统是可行的,为研磨加工的工艺决策提供了一种新的思路。     

基于CBR-HJaya-BP的液压缸加工工时预测研究

为了提高冶金行业液压缸加工工时预测精度,提出一种结合基于案例的推理（CBR）和混合Jaya算法优化BP神经网络的液压缸加工工时预测方法（CBR-HJaya-BP）。使用混合Jaya算法优化BP神经网络的初始权值和阈值,采取基于Sin混沌反向学习的种群初始化策略提高初始解的质量,引入阿基米德优化算法中的转移算子,在探索阶段采用均匀交叉产生中间种群,在开发阶段使用Jaya公式产生中间种群,在解的保留策略中引入了模拟退火算法中的Metropolis准则,以跳出局部最优。以某冶金液压缸制造企业的历史加工数据库为样本,采用CBR方法提取与待预测液压缸的特征参数相似度最高的历史数据,使用提出的HJaya-BP模型进行预测实验,并与改进前的Jaya-BP模型以及原始BP神经网络模型进行对比。实验结果表明,HJaya-BP模型的预测准确度和稳定性均为最优。     

人工神经网络在金属热处理中的应用

人工神经网络是一种能获得输入和输出之间相互关系的信息处理技术。在金属热处理中，人工神经网络已用于预测钢的ＴＴＴ曲线、ＣＣＴ曲线、Ｍｓ点、淬透性曲线等方面。     

基于卷积神经网络的网络节点异常数据检测方法

异常数据检测是保障无线传感器网络节点数据准确性和可靠性的重要步骤。针对无线传感器网络节点异常数据检测问题,提出一种基于卷积神经网络的异常数据检测方法。该方法是对正常数据和注入故障后生成的异常数据进行归一化处理后映射成的灰度图片作为卷积神经网络的输入数据,并且基于LeNet-5卷积神经网络设计了合适的卷积层特征面及全连接层的参数,构造了3种新的卷积神经网络模型。该模型通过卷积层自主学习数据特征,解决了传统检测算法的性能容易受到相关阈值影响的问题。通过网络公开数据集进行模型测试,结果表明该方法具有很好的检测性能和较高的可靠性     

基于神经网络集成学习的冷连轧板形预测

为了实现对冷连轧带钢出口板形的预测,基于粒子群算法对小波神经网络进行了优化,将优化后的网络作为基学习器,并通过bagging算法构建集成学习预测模型,进行冷连轧带钢板形的预测.以某1 450 mm冷连轧生产线数据作为样本,比较了该模型与未经优化的小波神经网络和单个学习器的预测效果.结果表明,集成学习模型预测的带钢出口板...     

基于优化RBF神经网络挤出机温度压力系统辨识

为了精确在线辨识橡胶复合挤出机控制过程中主要干扰变量与内部耦合关系,更好地实现对挤出机温度压力耦合系统的精准控制,采用RBF神经网络进行系统辨识研究,同时结合PSO算法引入GA算法中编码、杂交、交叉、变异等概念,设计了混合型PSO算法进一步优化RBF神经网络,完成对温度压力耦合系统的精准在线辨识。借助MATLAB软件进行神经网络训练,辨识系统耦合关系,同时与混合型PSO算法优化神经网络权值所辨识的效果进行对比。试验结果表明:采用混合型PSO算法优化RBF神经网络训练效果更佳,可以实现RBF神经网络高精度系统辨识;混合型PSO算法优化RBF神经网络应用于挤出机温度压力控制系统辨识,可以在一定程度上提升系统的辨识精度以及挤出机械的智能化水平。