Efficient technique for increasing the channel density in multiwavelength sampled fiber Bragg grating filters

We introduce a new class of high channel count multiwavelength comb filters based on sampled fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). Our approach exploits the spectral fractional Talbot effect in sampled chirped FBGs (S-CFBGs). For specific conditions between the grating chirp and sampling period, the channel spacing can be reduced compared to the value obtained using conventional sampling techniques. In this way, the channel density can be multiplied without needing to increase the sampling period. Moreover, despite the fact that the grating is chirped, operating under the spectral Talbot regime ensures that the resultant in-band group delay characteristics are similar to those of a sampled uniform period FBG.     

弱非周期性相位取样啁啾光栅的优化方法

取样光栅可以同时对多个信道进行滤波或色散补偿，所以在波分复用(WDM)系统中有广泛的应用，其中周期相位取样光栅是一种很有前途的设计方法，但周期取样的方法会使取样光栅的所有信道具有相同的色散补偿能力。提出设计弱非周期性相位取样啁啾光栅的优化方法，通过引入一组与信道色散补偿量有关的啁啾控制参数，可使不同信道的色散补偿量存在差异。运用该方法设计出弱非周期的取样光栅后，可用传输矩阵法来模拟该光栅的复反射谱，结果显示通过调整啁啾控制参数，可方便地控制不同信道的色散补偿能力，从而能实现对光纤链路色散与色散斜率的同时补偿，而且取样函数的幅度值的起伏则被完全消除。     

FBG-based bidirectional optical cross connects for bidirectional WDM ring networks

This paper proposes a new bidirectional optical cross connect (BOXC) using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and optical circulators for bidirectional wavelength-division-multiplexing ring networks. Dynamic and independent wavelength routing is achieved by employing cascaded tunable FBGs. The proposed BOXC requires a small tuning range equal to wavelength channel spacing for tunable FBGs. Therefore, the wavelength count of the proposed BOXC could be increased easily without imposing constraint on the tuning range of FBGs. Coherent and incoherent crosstalk arising in the proposed BOXC and their impact on the power penalty are studied in detail. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to characterize the probability distribution of the power penalty due to both coherent and incoherent crosstalk under various conditions. The specification requirements are then obtained for the FBGs used in BOXC nodes with a different number of wavelengths. The study in this paper reveals that the requirement for the isolation of FBGs is more stringent than that for the reflectivity of FBGs at the Bragg wavelength. It is also shown that a large BOXC can be built based on the Benes network structure, and a method to reduce the complexity is also presented.     

光纤Bragg光栅滤波响应的轴向分布特性研究

为揭示光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）的局部滤波特征,研究和分析了滤波响应沿光栅轴向的空间分布规律。从均匀、切趾和啁啾型等基本光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）类型出发,分析了反射带滤波光场沿轴向的分布规律。结果表明,均匀型FBG中,光场反射多集中在前1/2个光栅长度内,呈现非对称性;切趾型FBG中,光场反射在光栅长度内的均匀性...     

一种重构多信道布拉格光栅的混杂算法

由于光纤光敏性的限制,当信道数N变得很大时,采用幅度取样方式制作多信道光栅将变得非常困难.通过相位取样来制作多信道光栅被证明是一种能有效降低峰值折变量的方法.提出一种采用逆散射技术和优化策略的混杂算法有效地设计多信道光栅.由遗传算法进行优化,得到每一个信道相应的相位因子的最优值,改进了多信道光栅复杂的反射谱.再由Layer-peeling算法为依据引入了相位因子后的频谱响应重构光栅.通过对信道间相对相位的优化,制作这种多信道光栅所需的峰值折变量降低为单信道光栅的√N倍.经过数值仿真,得到8信道光栅的峰值折变量大约为单信道光栅的√8倍.     

基于非均匀采样的光纤光栅解调系统

鉴于重叠多光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)传感器均匀采样时遇到的数据频谱混叠问题, 提出利用扫描周期随 机变化的正弦波实现传感FBG的非均匀采样方法,并在一种基于可调谐F-P滤波器的 FBG解调系统中得到成功应用。实验结果显示,本文方法能够很好避免混叠现 象,并且还能以低于Nyquist采样频率对信号进行采样分析。     

32路高速图像合成技术研究

探讨了高速图像采集系统中高速采样缓存的重要性和实现途径,阐述了基于框架式结构的32通道图像数据采集系统中的高速缓存的设计与电路结构,给出了采用FPGA实现通道复用和采集数据预处理,并结合计算机数据采集和显示技术完成对多路图像的显示方案.     

Optical Arbitrary Waveform Generation Based on Sampled Fiber Bragg Gratings

Two approaches are proposed for generating optical arbitrary waveforms using sampled fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The manipulation of the optical spectrum of an input pulse is achieved by a sampled FBG which is fabricated using a novel technique based on the reconstruction-equivalent-chirp (REC) method. The key advantage of the REC technique is that it can produce FBGs with various phase profiles using a fabrication system having only micrometer precision. Two examples for the generation of Gaussian doublet pulses are demonstrated, which would find applications in ultra-wideband over fiber systems.     

Digitally-implemented naturally sampled PWM suitable for multilevel converter control

For dynamic closed loop control of a multilevel converter with a low pulse number (ratio of switching frequency to synthesized fundamental), natural sampled pulse-width modulation (PWM) is the best form of modulation. Natural sampling does not introduce distortion or a delayed response to the modulating signal. However previous natural sampled PWM implementations have generally been analog. For a modular multilevel converter, a digital implementation has advantages of accuracy and flexibility. Re-sampled uniform PWM is a novel digital modulation technique which approaches the performance of natural PWM. Both hardware and software implementations for a five level multilevel converter phase are presented, demonstrating the improvement over uniform PWM.     

Multiple-input multiple-output sampling: necessary density conditions

We consider the problem of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sampling of multiband signals. In this problem, a set of input signals is passed through a MIMO channel modeled as a known linear time-invariant system. The inputs are modeled as multiband signals whose spectral supports are sets of finite measure and the channel outputs are sampled on nonuniform sampling sets. The aim is to reconstruct the inputs from the output samples. This sampling scheme is quite general and it encompasses various others including Papoulis' generalized sampling and nonuniform sampling as special cases. We introduce notions of joint upper and lower densities for collections of sampling sets and then derive necessary conditions on these densities for stable sampling and consistent reconstruction of the channel inputs from the sampled outputs. These results generalize classical density results for stable sampling and interpolation due to Landau.     

Amplitude/Timing Jitter and Peak-to-Peak Variation Optimal Rate Multipliers

We present the design and performance validation of jitter and peak-to-peak variation optimal rate multipliers based on finite-impulse-response optical interferometers. To this end, we show that uniform impulse response interferometers yield minimum jitter and peak-to-peak variation for most practical cases. We also discuss the realization of optimal interferometers with sampled fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), and show by means of numerical simulations that the jitter and peak-to-peak variation performance of the designed FBGs is in close agreement with the theory.     

周期非均匀采样多带信号时最优参数的确定方法

 以采样完全重构为基础,提出了一种周期非均匀采样多带信号时的采样阶数、单通道采样周期等参数最优值的确定方法;同时以此方法的构建思想作为指导,推导出了采样阶数固定时最优单通道采样周期以及单通道采样周期固定时最优采样阶数等确定方法.最后,通过实例验证了通过该方法确定参数可保证周期非均匀采样多带信号时的采样频率降到最低.     

Sampling theorems for uniform and periodic nonuniform MIMO sampling of multiband signals

We examine a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sampling scheme for a linear time-invariant continuous-time MIMO channel. The input signals are modeled as multiband signals with different spectral supports, and the channel outputs are sampled on either uniform or periodic nonuniform sampling sets, with possibly different but commensurate intervals on the different outputs. This scheme encompasses Papoulis' generalized sampling and several nonuniform sampling schemes as special cases. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions on the channel and the sampling rate that allow stable perfect reconstruction of the inputs or, equivalently, perfect inversion of the channel. From an implementation viewpoint, we note that it is desirable that the reconstruction filters have continuous frequency responses. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions that guarantee this continuity property. The frequency responses of the reconstruction filters are specified as solutions to a system of linear equations. Finally, we demonstrate that perfect reconstruction may be possible, even when the channel outputs are sampled at an average rate that does not allow the reconstruction of any output from its samples alone. In certain instances, this average rate can achieve the recently presented fundamental bounds on MIMO sampling density.     

具有温度补偿功能的双匹配FBG振动传感系统研究

为了提高光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)振动传感系统的 解调灵敏度和解调范围,消除环境温度对解调信号的影响,设计了一种具有 温度补偿功能的双匹配FBG振动传感系统。系统采用两个中心波长对称地位于传 感FBG两侧的透射式匹配FBG,建立 了两个互补对称的传感通道,并利用差分原理实现振动传感。通过Matlab软件对系统性能进 行了仿真分析,结果表明,与传 统方法相比,本文方法有效地提高了系统解调灵敏度和解调范围。将匹配FBG与热电制冷器( TEC)集成封装,并建立温度补偿判断通道,当 判断通道输出电压超过已设置好的阈值时,利用TEC改变封装环境温度,使匹配FBG 与传感FBG中心波长重新匹配, 实现系统温度补偿。经实验测试,系统的归一化解调灵敏度为5.168/ nm,解调范围为1.2nm,判断通道的归一化阈值电压 为0.890。在4种不同环境温度下,利用本系统 对同一振动信号进行测量,实验结果验证了系统温度补偿的可行性。     

Monolithic DWDM source with precise channel spacing

We report a low-cost manufacturing approach for fabricating monolithic multi-wavelength sources for dense wavelength division multiplexing(DWDM)systems that offers high yield and eliminates crystal regrowth and selective area epitaxy steps that are essential in traditional fabrication methods.The source integrates an array of distributed feedback(DFB)lasers with a passive coupler and semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA).Ridge waveguide lasers with sampled Bragg side wall gratings have been integrated using quantum well intermixing to achieve a fully functional four-channel DWDM source with 0.8 nm wavelength spacing and residual errors<0.13 nm.The output power from the SOA is>10 mW per channel making the source suitable for use in passive optical networks(PONs).We have also investigated using multisection phase-shifted sampled gratings to both increase the effective grating coupling coefficient and precisely control the channel lasing wavelength spacing.An 8-channel DFB laser array with 100 GHz channel spacing was demonstrated using a sampled grating with twoπ-phase-shifted sections in each sampling period.The entire array was fabricated by only a single step of electron beam lithography.     

基于DFT的信道及噪声估计算法分析

研究基于离散傅里叶变换(Discrete Fourier Transform,DFT)的单载波频域均衡信道估计算法,分析了离散采样信道模型,将信道分为采样间隔和非采样间隔。采样间隔信道下,在循环前缀内进行阀值处理,同时估计出噪声方差;非采样间隔信道下,提出一种基于DFT的能量增长率估计算法,自适应地选择保留路径。仿真结果表明,基于DFT的信道估计算法可以有效地去除噪声的影响,提升均方误差及误码率性能。     

Power penalties due to in-band and out-of-band dispersion in FBG cascades

We measure the in-band dispersion penalty in a cascade of five 50-GHz low-dispersion linear-phase fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and compare the results with conventional apodised FBGs. At the 0.5-dB power penalty level, the usable bandwidth of a single linear-phase FBG (40 GHz) is twice as wide as that of a conventional apodised FBG (19 GHz). The bandwidth-utilization factor of a single linear-dispersion grating is 89%, while for the five-grating cascade, it is 76%. To our knowledge, these are the highest values reported to date for cascaded optical devices. The corresponding factors for the conventional gratings are 53% and 31%. We also measure the additional penalty on a dropped channel caused by a cascade of five adjacent-channel gratings. The bandwidth narrowing due to the adjacent-channel FBGs is 6 GHz both for linear-phase and conventional FBGs, giving a usable bandwidth of 34 GHz (linear-phase) and 13 GHz (conventional).     

GPS数字中频信号软件模拟器设计与实现

给出可配置高速GPS数字中频信号模拟软件的设计方案,该信号模拟器基于x86平台实现,模拟卫星端信号生成、信道传播模型和接收端的混频、采样过程,生成GPS L1数字中频信号,可以作为实地采集信号的替代,为导航接收机的设计验证工作提供便利.和对现有的软件导航信号模拟方案相比,提出的模拟器具有可配置性强、算法效率高、逼真度良好的特点.     

基于多版本的多级安全并发控制机制的研究

在多级安全数据库系统中，如果采用传统的并发控制机制，则通过多级事务的协作可以很容易的创建隐通道，因此我们必须研究适合于多级安全数据库的并发控制机制。本文提出了一个基于多版本的安全的并发控制机制，它能阻止隐通道的创建而不会导致检索异常和高级事务的饿死，同时还能提供一个多级事务的可串行化调度。     

The Mean-Square Error of SSBAM Class 4 Partial Response Data Signals Distorted by Parabolic Group Delay

An expression is derived for the mean-square error of an SSBAM multilevel class 4 partial response data signal when distorted by a channel with parabolic group delay with the minimum value centered in the signal spectrum. The optimum carrier phase and sampling times are also determined. Numerically evaluated results indicate that the approximation errors made in the derivation are not significant in the regions of practical interest.