Preparation of transparent PMMA/Fe(IO3)3 nanocomposite films from microemulsion polymerization

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/Fe(IO₃)₃ nanocomposite thin films are obtained by in situ particle generation in microemulsions and subsequent photopolymerization of a mixture containing methyl methacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and crystallized iron iodate (Fe(IO₃)₃) nanorods. Hyper‐Rayleigh scattering measurements combined with X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering are first used to probe in situ the crystallization kinetics of iron iodate nanorods in water‐in‐oil microemulsions prepared with methyl methacrylate as the oil phase and marlophen NP12 as a surfactant. Trimethylolpropane triacrylate is then added as a crosslinker before spin‐coating. Films are deposited on glass substrates for the nonlinear optical characterizations and on silicon wafers for the piezoelectric and mechanical measurements. Nanocomposite films treated by corona discharge are finally characterized through optical microscopy, laser Doppler vibrometry, and Brillouin spectroscopy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1203‐1211, 2013     

Enhanced mechanical and anisotropic thermal conductive properties of polyimide nanocomposite films reinforced with hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets

To attain thermally conductive but electrically insulating polymer films, in this study, polyimide (PI) nanocomposite films with 1–30 wt% functionalized hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) were fabricated via solution casting and following imidization. The microstructures, mechanical and thermal conductive properties of PI/BNNS nanocomposite films were examined by taking account of the relative content, anisotropic orientation, and interfacial interaction of BNNS and PI matrix. The scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry data revealed that BNNSs with hydroxy and amino functional groups have specific molecular interactions with PI matrix and they form stacked aggregates in the nanocomposite films with high BNNS loadings of 10–30 wt%. The tensile mechanical strength/modulus, thermal degradation temperatures, and thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite films were found to be significantly enhanced with increasing the BNNS loadings. For the nanocomposite films with 1–30 wt% BNNS loadings, the in-plane thermal conductivity was measured to be 1.82–2.38 W/mK, which were much higher than the out-of-plane values of 0.35–1.14 W/mK. The significant anisotropic thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite films was found to be owing to the synergistic anisotropic orientation effects of both BNNS and PI matrix. It is noticeable that the in-plane and out-of-plane thermal conductivity values of the nanocomposite film with 30 wt% BNNS were ~1.31 and ~3.35 times higher than those of neat PI film, respectively.     

Improvements of the structural,thermal, and mechanical properties of structural adhesive with functionalized boron nitride nanoparticles

Investigations on the production and development of nanoparticle-reinforced polymer materials have been attracted attention by researchers. Various nanoparticles have been used to improve the mechanical, chemical, thermal, and physical properties of polymer matrix composites. Boron compounds come to the fore to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers. In this study, mechanical, thermal, and structural properties of structural adhesive have been examined by adding nano hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) to epoxy matrix at different percentages (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%). For this purpose, nano h-BN particles were functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to disperse the h-BN nanoparticles homogeneously in epoxy matrix and to form a strong bond at the matrix interface. Two-component structural epoxy adhesive was modified by using functionalized h-BN nanoparticles. The structural and thermal properties of the modified adhesives were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. Tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis were performed to determine the mechanical properties of the adhesives. When the results obtained from analysis were examined, it was seen that the nano h-BN particles functionalized with APTES were homogeneously dispersed in the epoxy matrix and formed a strong bond. In addition that, it was concluded from the experimental results that the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives were improved by adding functionalized nano h-BN particles into epoxy at different ratios.     

The effects of modified zinc oxide nanoparticles on the mechanical/thermal properties of epoxy resin

Characterized by its strength, durability, and thermal properties, epoxy resin has been widely used as an adhesive, paint, and coating in many applications in the aerospace, civil and automotive industries. Despite this, the thermoset polymer resin has been known for its brittleness and low fracture resistance. This study focuses on the reinforcement of an epoxy resin system (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A) with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in their pristine form and a further modified form. The modification took place in two ways: coating with polydopamine (PDA) and covalently functionalizing them with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS). Therefore, four different types of nanoparticles were used: pristine ZnO, ZnO/PDA, ZnO/GPTMS, and ZnO/APTES aiming to improve the interfacial bonding between the polymeric matrix and the reinforcement. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy characterization and imaging techniques were used to prove that the ZnO nanoparticles were successfully modified prior to manufacturing the epoxy composites. While tensile testing showed that using pristine ZnO increases the composite's strength by 32.14%, the fracture toughness of the resin was improved by 9.40% when reinforced with ZnO functionalized with APTES. TGA showed that the addition of functionalized nanoparticles increases the material's degradation temperature by at most 7.31 ± 4.9°C using ZnO/APTES. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis testing proved that the addition of any type of nanoparticles increases the resin's glass transition temperature by as much as 7.83°C (ZnO/APTES).     

Ultra-extensible solvent-free elastomers based on nanocomposite poly(2-methoxyethylacrylate)/clay xerogels

Physically cross-linked solvent-free supramolecularly assembled nanocomposite elastomers were prepared, which displayed exceptionally high extensibility (up to 6000%), besides generally high mechanical properties (G' in rubber region between 1.5 and 40 MPa). The nanocomposites are based on linear poly(2-methoxyethylacrylate) (polyMEA) and montmorillonite clay (physical cross-linker), and were obtained via free-radical polymerization of the monomer in the presence of the exfoliated nanofiller dispersed in water. The mechanical properties of the studied products were varied in a very wide range by changing the concentrations of the radical redox co-initiator pair, at given constant nanofiller loadings. The latter in turn also strongly altered the product properties. This applied synthesis approach, aimed at obtaining longer elastic chains, made possible to increase the elongation at break up to six times, and also to tremendously and simultaneously increase the toughness (effect of entanglements), as well as to shift the tensile curves between “plastic-like elastomer” and “simple elastomer.” In all cases, however, the nanocomposite samples displayed a highly efficient recovery, even after very high deformations. The structure–property relationships were deeper elucidated by thermo-mechanical analysis (DMTA), TGA (thermal stability, elastic chains' immobilization), TEM and X-ray diffraction.     

Novel,promising, and broadband microwave-absorbing nanocomposite based on the graphite-like carbon nitride/CuS

In this study, a broadband, intense, novel, and promising microwave-absorbing nanocomposite was prepared using graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄)/CuS suspended in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) medium. The g-C₃N₄ nanosheets were synthesized by heating the urea as well as the CuS nanoparticles, and g-C₃N₄/CuS nanocomposites were prepared using a solvothermal method and then were separately molded by a PMMA solution to investigate their microwave-absorbing characteristics. The Fourier transform infrared and X-ray powder diffraction were used to characterize the g-C₃N₄, CuS, and CuS/g-C₃N₄ nanostructures, which confirmed that the pure structure of the nanomaterials has been synthesized. The optical properties of the nanostructures were also investigated by diffuse reflection spectroscopy analysis. Accordingly, the Kubelka–Munk theory suggested significant narrow band gap for g-C₃N₄/CuS nanocomposite (0.27 eV), facilitating electron jumping and conductive loss. The morphology of the structures was examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy micrographs, illustrating that the uniform hexagonal structures of the CuS nanoplates have been formed and the CuS two-dimensional structures were uniformly distributed on the g-C₃N₄ nanosheets. Finally, the microwave-absorbing properties of the CuS, g-C₃N₄, and g-C₃N₄/CuS were investigated by PMMA as a host. The microwave-absorbing properties were evaluated using a vector network analyzer. The results illustrated that the maximum reflection loss of the g-C₃N₄/PMMA nanocomposite was −71.05 dB at 14.90 GHz with a thickness of 2.00 mm, demonstrating a 1.70 GHz bandwidth >30 dB, as well as g-C₃N₄/CuS/PMMA nanocomposite absorbed 7.30 GHz bandwidth of more than 10 dB with a thickness of 1.80 mm along the x- and ku-band frequency. The obtained results introduced the PMMA as a capable microwave-absorbing substrate. Besides, the g-C₃N₄/CuS/PMMA nanocomposite demonstrated metamaterial property and abundant attenuation constant. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48430.     

ZnO microparticle-loaded chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/acacia gum nanosphere-based nanocomposite thin film wound dressings for accelerated wound healing

The present study deals with the development of novel ZnO microparticle-loaded chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/acacia gum nanosphere-based nanocomposite thin films through electrospraying and evaluation of their potential use in wound healing applications for skin. ZnO microparticles were synthesized and used as bioactive agents. Morphology, size distribution, structure, and dispersion of the synthesized ZnO microparticles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). ZnO microparticles were incorporated into the ternary nanocomposite films by electrospraying technique. Thermogravimetric analyses reveal that incorporation of ZnO microparticles into the nanocomposite structure improves the thermal stability. Mechanical analyses show that tensile strength reaches to the maximum value of 12.75 MPa with 0.6 wt % ZnO content. SEM and TEM micrographs demonstrate that the nanocomposite films consist of nanospheres with nanocapsular structures whose sizes are mostly between 250 and 550 nm. Viability tests established prevailing cellular performance of the fibroblasts on 0.6 wt % ZnO microparticle-loaded nanocomposite films with a viability percentage of 160% compared to the control group. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48445.     

Study on thermal conductive PA6 composites with 3-dimensional structured boron nitride hybrids

To develop thermally conductive PA6 composites with the aim of decreasing filler content, structure-complexed fillers were fabricated. This research presented an effective approach by noncovalent functionalization of poly(dopamine) (PDA) followed by silver nanoparticles decoration to fabricate 3-dimensional (3-D) structured boron nitride hybrids (BN@PDA@AgNPs). BN hybrids were then introduced into PA6 to prepare thermally conductive PA6 composites. The results demonstrated that PA6/BN hybrids (PMB) composites exhibited higher thermal conducivity compared with PA6/BN composites, which revealed more effective construction of thermal conductive network in the composites with the addition of 3-D structured fillers. The effects of BN hybrids with different loadings on thermal stability, mechanical property, as well as electrical resistance of the composites were also analyzed. Overall, the prepared PMB composites exhibited outstanding performance in thermal conductivity, thermal stability, mechanical property, while retaining good electrical insulating property, which showed a potential application in electronic packaging fields. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47630.     

Preparation of 0.4Li2MnO3·0.6LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 with tunable morphologies via polyacrylonitrile as a template and applications in lithium‐ion batteries

Samples of 0.4Li₂MnO₃·0.6LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ (LMO) with tunable morphologies were synthesized via polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a template. The starting PAN/N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) ratios, including 1:9, 1:10, 1:12, and 1:14, were optimized for the fiber morphologies and electrochemical performance. Through electrospinning, metal salts were well dispersed in the PAN fibers. The crystal structure and morphologies of the PAN/LMO fibers were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. Along with the decrease in the concentration of PAN in the precursor, the diameters of the PAN/LMO fibers decreased. On the other hand, at the highest and lowest concentrations, 1:9 and 1:14, of PAN with DMF, micrometer PAN fibers were electrospun, whereas ratios of PAN to DMF of 1:10 and 1:12 resulted in the electrospinning of millimeter‐long fibers of PAN. In the interface of PAN and metal salts, LMOs were grown and accompanied the decomposition of PAN, and the crystal morphologies of LMO quite depended on the diameter and length of the PAN/LMO nanofibers. During heat treatment, the morphologies of the PAN fibers controlled the removal of small molecules and the crystal morphologies of LMOs. The charge/discharge results indicate that LMO with a tubular structure delivered a capacity of 262.3 mAh/g at a cutoff voltage of 2.5–4.8 V at a 0.1 C rate. Benefitting from a unique hollow and nanocrystalline architecture, it also exhibited good rate and cycling performances. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43022.     

Combined effect of cassava starch nanoparticles and protein isolate in properties of starch-based nanocomposite films

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of incorporation of cowpea protein isolate and cassava starch nanoparticles obtained by ultrasound on the properties of cassava starch:glycerol films. The cowpea bean protein isolate was successfully obtained with 72.5% of protein and solubility about 90%. The cassava starch nanoparticles yielded 97.85%. Increasing protein isolate concentration in starch:glycerol films resulted in a progressive reduction of water vapor permeability up to 27.0%. The cassava starch nanoparticles added films presented expressive increments in tensile strength (283.83%) as well as modulus of elasticity (204.31%), accompanied by decreasing in elongation at break (24.28%). The thermal stabilities of cassava starch films were affected by the addition of both protein isolate and cassava starch nanoparticles. The cassava starch nanoparticles obtained by ultrasound ensured the maintenance of film properties, optimizing the production time, with a higher yield, and without the need for chemical reagents. Thus, it could be useful for substitution of those obtained by acid hydrolysis. Therefore, giving rise to a trend of production of nanocomposite films suitable for reinforced packaging applications.     

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/CaCO3‐diacid nanocomposite: Investigation of physical and wetting properties and application in heavy metal adsorption

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite and modified CaCO₃ nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated by ultrasound agitation method with particle content altering from 3, 5, and 8 wt %. The CaCO₃ surface was successfully treated by 10 wt % of bioactive dicarboxylic acid (DA). The influences of loading modified NPs on the thermal, mechanical, adsorption, contact angle, and physical properties of the poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite films were thoroughly studied. The results showed that incorporation of modified CaCO₃ into the PVA matrix had better performance than the pure PVA. Meanwhile, tensile strength, Young's modulus, and thermal stability are enhanced from 33.36 MPa, 1.26 GPs, and 242.918C (neat PVA) to 81.7 MPa, 4.81 GPa, and 312.95 °C (PVA/CaCO₃‐DA NC 5 wt %), respectively. Also, the adsorption capacity of the PVA/CaCO₃‐DA NCs 5 and 8 wt % revealed that the NC films could act as an appropriate absorbent for the removal of Cd(II) ions with maximum adsorption capacity of about 20.70 and 25.19 mg g^?1 for Cd(II), respectively. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 45414.     

Poly(p‐phenylene sulfide) nanofibers prepared by CO2 laser supersonic drawing

Poly(p‐phenylene sulfide) (PPS) nanofibers are prepared by irradiating a PPS fiber with a carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser while drawing it at supersonic speeds. A supersonic jet is generated by blowing air into a vacuum chamber through the fiber injection orifice. Nanofibers obtained at a laser power of 30 W and chamber pressure of 10 kPa exhibit an average diameter of 600 nm and a draw ratio of 110,000. Scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction analyses are employed to investigate the relationships among the chamber pressure, fiber morphology, and crystallization behavior. The nanofibers exhibit two melting temperatures (T_m): approximately 280°C and 320°C. The endothermic peak at T_m = 280°C is ascribable to lamellar crystals and that at T_m = 320°C to the highly complete crystals, since the polymer molecular chain is highly oriented. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40922.     

Development of optically transparent ZnS/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) nanocomposite films with high refractive indices and high Abbe numbers

A series of optically transparent ZnS‐poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) nanocomposite films with high refractive indices and high Abbe numbers have been prepared. Mercaptoethanol (ME) capped ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) were introduced into the PVP polymer matrix via simple blending with high nanophase contents. ME‐ZnS NPs of around 3 nm were prepared from zinc acetate and thiourea precursors in N,N‐dimethylformamide using ME as a capping agent. Transparent nanocomposite films with high refractive indices and high Abbe numbers can be easily prepared by a conventional film casting method. TGA results indicated that the ZnS/PVP nanocomposite films exhibit good thermal stability and the measured contents of ZnS NPs in the films agree well with the theoretical values. The refractive indices and the Abbe numbers of the ZnS/PVP nanocomposite films range from 1.5061 to 1.7523 and 55.6 to 20.4 with the content of ME‐ZnS NPs varied between 0 and 80 wt %, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Thermal properties and crystallinity of PCL/PBSA/cellulose nanocrystals grafted with PCL chains

Bionanocomposite films of poly(?‐caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(butilene succinate‐co ‐adipate) (PBSA) blends with cellulose nanocrystals (CNW) grafted with PCL chains (CNW‐g ‐PCL) were prepared by solution casting and their thermal properties and crystallinity were studied. The CNW surface was modified with PCL chains by grafting “from” approaches, in an effort to improve their compatibility with the polymer blends. The grafting efficiency was evidenced by FTIR and TGA analysis. The acicular morphology of CNW‐g ‐PCL was characterized by SEM. The TGA results showed an increase in the thermal stability of the CNW grafted with PCL chains. The PCL/PBSA blends showed higher thermal stability in comparison with the neat polymers and PCL/PBSA/CNW‐g ‐PCL bionanocomposites. DSC results showed the CNW‐g ‐PCL act as a nucleating agent in the bionanocomposites. Additionally, a better interaction of the CNW‐g ‐PCL in the blends of 30/70 composition in comparison with the blends of 50/50 composition was characterized. The results obtained for aforementioned films prepared by solution casting encourage the production of such bionanocomposites by melt compounding (extrusion), aiming the achievement of new bionanocomposites materials with improved thermal and mechanical properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44493.     

The electrical and thermal properties of polyimide/boron nitride nanocomposite films

In the paper, the polyimide (PI)/boron nitride (BN) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization and exhibited enhanced electrical property and thermal stability. The structure of synthesized PI was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, and Fourier transform infrared. The influence of doping concentrations on the relative permittivity, electrical conductivity, loss tangent, corona-resistant lifetime, and thermal stability of PI composites was investigated. Results showed that the relative permittivity of PI/BN composites increases after doping BN nanoparticles. It was noteworthy that both the electrical conductivity and loss tangent of PI composites were enhanced in low frequency (0–3000 Hz) and the situations were shifted in high frequency (>3000 Hz). It was observed that the corona-resistant lifetime of PI/BN composite with 20 wt% BN increases more than eight times. Moreover, significant improvements in the thermal stability of PI composites were achieved by addition of only a small amount of BN. The decomposition temperatures at 5 and 10% weight loss were 518.7 and 551.6 °C for 15 wt% doped PI/BN composite, respectively, which increases by 37.3 and 40.5 °C compared to those of pure PI. The resulting properties expand further the application range of polyimides.     

Thermal conductivity and thermal properties of POSS/polytriazole organic–inorganic hybrid material

To decrease the thermal conductivity of polytriazole‐based fiber reinforced composites, an organic–inorganic POSS/polytriazole hybrid resin was obtained. The influences of various proportions of POSS on thermal conductivity and the thermal properties of hybrid materials were emphatically investigated. The results show that POSS incorporation resulted in not only decreased thermal conductivity but also increased T_g and thermal decomposition temperature. The enhancement was ascribed to the nanoscale effect of POSS structure and the fact that the POSS framework has a high heat resistance property. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41967.     

Formulation of chemically reduced graphene oxide assembly with poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) through noncovalent interaction

Soluble chemically reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) assembly was attempted by totally noncovalent approach. Chemical reduction of P4VP/GO mixture by hydrazine produced soluble RGO/P4VP assembly with long term stability. Prepared RGO/P4VP assembly showed pH‐dependent variation of optical transmittance. Transmittance of RGO/P4VP assembly solution at pH 2.0 dramatically increased more than 200% of transmittance of assembly at pH 6. This optical transmittance change was fully reversible. The detailed morphological features of assemble was evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is estimated that RGO/P4VP assemblies were well separated each other at pH 6, enabling much higher optical absorption of RGO plates. At pH 2, protonation of pyridine ring occurs and this might hamper effective noncovalent interaction between RGO plate and protonated P4VP chains, forming bigger aggregates having less chance for optical absorption. This pH‐dependent optical modulation of RGO/P4VP assembly can be useful for the designing of pH‐sensor, removable nanocatalyst, and targeted drug delivery, etc. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2538–2543, 2013     

Semi‐aromatic polyimide/Ag nanocomposite derived from vanillin

The development of bioprecursor polyimide/Ag nanocomposites (PI/Ag NCs) is reported in this investigation. Semiaromatic bioprecursor PI was successfully synthesized through direct polycondensation reaction between aromatic diamine containing pyridine ring and aliphatic dianhydride. Aromatic diamine as a monomer was synthesized using a renewable resource, vanillin. The main attractive aspects of this PI are the renewable origin of the diamine, presence of pyridine and high aromatic rings content, as well as aliphatic content on the polymer backbone. The structure of synthesized monomer and PI were proven by FTIR, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The PI/Ag NCs containing 3, 5, and 7 wt % of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were prepared through solution technique and the resulting NCs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, wide angle X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM results showed that the Ag NPs were dispersed homogeneously in the PI matrix on nanoscale. TGA results indicated improving in thermal properties of PI/Ag NCs compared to the neat PI due to the interaction between the PI matrix and the Ag NPs. Antibacterial activity of PI/Ag NCs was tested by the disk diffusion method using Escherichia coli as model strain of gram‐negative bacteria. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44001.     

All starch nanocomposite coating for barrier material

Starch nanocrystals (SNC) are nanofillers of growing interest for barrier and mechanical improvement of bio‐based polymers. However, their potential use as fillers for organic coating material of industrial packaging has never been investigated. In this study, SNC processability in coating is assessed and the final properties of coated papers are measured. Coating colors composed of plasticized starch show higher Brookfield viscosity when filled with SNC even with the addition of water but rod‐coating is still possible. These diluted water‐based coatings induce paper wetting and surface crackling issues during drying as proved by drying process analysis. However no gelatinization of the SNC is observed whichever the type of drying. SNC compensate some of the water induced loss of mechanical properties of the base paper and decrease the water vapor permeability (WVP) up to 40% compared with the base paper. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39826.     

Physical and tensile properties of epoxy laminated magnetic bacterial cellulose nanocomposite films

Despite many potential applications, the adverse impacts of magnetic nanoparticles on the tensile properties of magnetic cellulose papers and films are well established. On the other hand, water absorption and thickness swelling of cellulose materials are important limiting factors in many engineering applications. These challenges caused limited applications of magnetic cellulose nanocomposites. The aim of this study is to examine the possibility of modifying the physical and mechanical behaviors of magnetic bacterial cellulose films by epoxy resin lamination. Results showed that the tensile modulus and strength of the magnetic bacterial cellulose film, respectively, increased about 280% and 240% after epoxy lamination while they maintained their desirable magnetic and flexibility properties. Furthermore, the water absorption and thickness swelling of the epoxy laminated magnetic nanocomposite films, respectively, improved about 43% and 42%. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45118.