可提高焊接强度和质量的带焊药芯的钎焊丝

美国Iucas-Milhaupt Inc公司开发出一种带焊接药芯的钎焊丝，这种焊丝不但可提高焊接强度，改善焊点质量，而且成本更低。这种焊丝的焊药可均匀分布于工件周围，因而可对元件表面处理得很均匀。     

焊前处理方式对LF6铝合金扩散焊的影响

利用Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ－１５００热／力模拟试验机，研究了ＬＦ６铝合金的扩散焊工艺，通过对焊接温度、压力、时间的调整和选用不同的料前处理方法，确定了最佳的扩散规范，研究结果表明：在一定的温度和时间范围内，ＬＦ６５铝合金扩散焊接头的剪切哟度随焊接温度和时间的增加而提高；化学浸蚀法比机械打磨法能更有效的去除铝合金表面的氧化膜；在现有试验条件下，得到ＬＦ６铝合金扩散焊的最佳规范参数，搭接试扩散焊接头的剪切强度     

高锰钢-碳钢复合板的制造和应用

介绍了一种高锰钢与结构钢的爆炸焊接工艺，包括表面处理方法、表面处理参数及条件、所采用的炸药和复合板的性能、爆炸焊用材料的准备。进行了成品复板（复合板）的质量检验，给出了该技术的应用实例。     

电化学氧化对炭纤维界面性质的影响

对粘胶基炭纤维进行电化学氧化表面处理，对表面处理前后的炭纤维进行强力测试，分析表面处理条件对炭纤维强度的影响，通过测定炭纤维与几种浸润液的接触角，分析了电化学氧化表面处理对炭纤维浸润特性的影响，在电镜下观察表面处理前后炭纤维表面形貌的变化，并测其比表面积的变化，分析处理条件对其表面粗糙度的影响，通过炭纤维的拉曼散射，分析表面处理前后炭纤维表面微晶大小的变化，最后，对处理前后炭纤维的相关性能指标进行比较，分析其性能变化的机理及其性能变化对炭纤维复合材料界面粘结性能的影响。     

表面粗糙度对TiAl/AgCu/TiAl钎焊质量的影响

为探究表面粗糙度对钎焊质量的影响,在优选的钎焊温度870 ℃和保温时间5 min条件下,以AgCu合金为钎料,进行TiAl合金的真空钎焊,研究了表面粗糙度与磨痕方向对钎料润湿铺展、钎焊接头界面组织、力学性能的影响.采用扫描电镜、能谱分析、光学显微镜和万能材料试验机等分析测试手段,对钎焊接头的组织与力学性能进行分析.结果表明：AgCu钎料在各向异性的TiAl基板表面润湿铺展时会受表面特征影响,沿着特定的方向优先铺展,当基板表面不具各向异性特征时,钎料润湿铺展近似为圆形;表面粗糙度S_a=0.103 μm的基板,钎焊接头的平均剪切强度最优,达到323 MPa,而表面粗糙度S_a=0.133 μm的基板,接头平均剪切强度为245 MPa,钎焊接头强度均方差最大.     

苎麻纤维表面处理对其复合材料性能的影响

在不同处理时间和功率的条件下,对苎麻纤维表面进行冷等离子体处理。通过分析纤维表面能以及纤维拉伸强度的变化,选取了3组处理纤维与未处理纤维作为复合材料的增强纤维,并且运用模压工艺制备苎麻纤维增强复合材料。经过扫描电镜分析、弯曲强度和剪切强度测试以及单纤维断裂实验,探究了冷等离子体处理对苎麻纤维表面性能及其复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:冷等离子体处理去除了苎麻纤维表面的胶质和杂质,提升了纤维与环氧树脂的粘附功。随着处理时间与功率的增加,复合材料板的力学性能随之提升。与未处理纤维复合材料相比,当处理条件为3min、200W时,复合材料的弯曲强度与剪切强度分别提升了37.0%和30.5%。     

CdZnTe表面处理对其引线超声焊接质量的影响

采用扫描电镜及EDS测试研究了高电阻CdZnTe金电极与外引线的超声焊接工艺,探讨了CdZnTe表面处理工艺、接触电极厚度及焊接参数对引线超声焊接质量的影响规律.研究结果表明,经机械抛光表面处理的CdZnTe晶片,其金电极与外引线间容易实现超声焊接;CdZnTe电极厚度与引线焊合率之间呈抛物线关系,获得最佳焊接质量的电极厚度为180nrn左右.楔入压力和焊接功率是影响CZT金电极与引线焊接质量的重要因素,当焊接功率为2W、焊接压力为60×10-3kg、焊接时间20ms和烧球强度1.5W时,易获得良好的CdZnTe金电极与引线焊接接头.     

Ni-Cr-P焊膏钎焊C/C复合材料的组织和性能

用真空熔炼、惰性气体雾化法制备Ni-Cr-P金属粉末,再加入有机黏结剂高速搅拌,制备Ni14Cr10P膏状活性钎料。用制备好的焊膏真空钎焊C/C复合材料,测试钎焊接头的剪切强度,通过OM,SEM,EDS,XRD等对钎焊接头界面组织结构进行分析。结果表明:在钎焊温度1000℃、保温时间0.5 h条件下,获得的接头剪切强度达到28.6 MPa,然后随着钎焊温度上升或保温时间延长,钎焊接头强度下降;通过界面组织结构分析发现焊膏可以增加钎料层与C/C复合材料表面的接触面积,有利于堵塞C/C复合材料表面的孔隙。焊后在界面处形成了交错分布的Cr碳化物相缓冲层,使得界面呈现热膨胀系数梯度增加的结构,有助于缓解热失配,提高C/C复合材料钎焊接头强度。     

石墨纤维阳极氧化表面处理的研究

本文研究了PAN基石墨纤维在四种铵盐电解液中阳极氧化表面处理的工艺条件.用SEM和XPS技术分析了处理前后纤维表面形态的变化,通过复合材料的层间剪切强度(ILSS)对表面处理前后石墨纤维与环氧树脂之间界面粘结强度的改善进行了评价.     

超声冲击法提高焊接接头疲劳特性研究进展

焊接结构的失效以疲劳断裂为主,且焊接结构强度主要是由焊接接头的疲劳强度决定的。因此,改善焊接接头疲劳性能将显著提高焊接结构的整体性能。超声冲击处理是一种有效改善焊接接头疲劳性能的表面强化技术。研究表明,该技术通过改善焊接接头几何外形,细化表层晶粒及引入有益残余压应力可大幅度提高焊接接头的疲劳强度和疲劳寿命。综述了超声冲击处理对焊接接头疲劳性能影响的研究现状,分析了影响焊接接头疲劳性能的因素,总结了超声冲击改善焊接接头疲劳性能的结果,对目前研究过程中存在的问题进行探讨,最后展望了超声冲击表面纳米化技术的应用前景。     

Joint of silicon nitride and molybdenum with vanadium foil,and its high-temperature strength

Joints of silicon nitride and molybdenum with a vanadium interlayer were fabricated using a vacuum hot-pressing facility. The optimum joining conditions for producing a joint with the highest shear strength were found to be as follows: a temperature of 1328 K, a mechanical pressure of 20 MPa and a bonding time of 5.4 ks. The effect of test temperature on shear strength was also examined. The strength level was initially 118 MPa at room temperature and this level gradually decreased as the test temperature rose. At 973 K, the strength level was still 70 MPa. Observations of the interface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) revealed that a layer of reaction product V₃Si formed at the silicon-nitride-vanadium interface.     

Hardfacing characteristics of S42000 stainless steel powder with added silicon nitride using a CO2 laser

This study examined hardfaced cladding of S42000 stainless steel powder with added silicon nitride Si₃N₄ on a medium carbon steel using a 1200-W CO₂ laser. Experimental results indicated that a well-proportioned cladding layer was obtained with an overlap of 50% at a traverse speed of 5 mm/s and a powder feed rate of 2 g/min. The degree of dilution, depth/width (D/W) ratio and microhardness of the cladding layer was increased by adding up to 5 wt.% silicon nitride. Retained austenite and wear decreased with increasing amounts of silicon nitride addition. The silicon nitride decomposed in the cladding layer during the laser treatment.     

Diffusion bonding of zirconia to silicon nitride using nickel interlayers

The possibilities of diffusion bonding of zirconia to silicon nitride using a nickel interlayer were studied by carrying out bonding experiments under various processing conditions. The process parameters considered were temperature, bonding pressure and interlayer thickness. The optimal process conditions were determined by evaluating the mechanical strength using shear strength testing. It was found that the bonding is optimal in the temperature range 1000–1100°C. The bond strength appears to be independent of the bonding pressure and interlayer thickness if threshold values are exceeded (bonding pressure >14 MPa, interlayer thickness >0.2 mm). At the Si3N4 Ni interface, Si3N4 decomposes, forming a solid solution of silicon in nickel. At the ZrO2–Ni interface, no reaction was observed. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

氮化硅陶瓷的液相连接研究

本文研究了用氧氮玻璃作为中间层材料连接氮化硅陶瓷．结果表明,在1600℃×30min、5MPa的外加压力条件下,氮化硅陶瓷的结合强度达到基体氮化硅陶瓷的57％．结合层内的结构与基体氨化硅十分相似,但是晶粒尺寸较细,两者结构上的一致性对于提高结合强度起着重要的作用．     

Reaction chemistry at joined interfaces between silicon nitride and aluminium

Joined interfaces of HIPed additive-free silicon nitride ceramics/aluminium braze bonded at a low temperature of 1073 K for 18 ks or at a high temperature of 1473 K for 1.8 ks in vacuum of 1.3 mPa and of β silicon nitride powders/aluminium powders bonded at the low temperature for 1.8 ks or 18 ks in the same vacuum are identified by analytical transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction method. Mullite, some small crystals and β′-sialon are detected at the interface of the ceramics/aluminium braze bonded at the low temperature and 15R AIN-polytype sialon, β′-sialon, aluminium nitride, mullite and silica-alumina noncrystalline are detected at that bonded at the high temperature. At the interface of the two kinds of powders, aluminium nitride and silicon are also detected besides β′-sialon and silica-alumina noncrystalline even though the bonding was conducted at the low temperature. The interfacial reactions of the joints are influenced not only by bonding temperature but also by the oxide formed at the interface before bonded.     

Fractals in Steel-Aluminum Solid to Liquid Bonding

1.IntroductionSinceBenoitMandelbrotpresefltedfrartalthe-oryinhisbook<>inl977formally,itcanbesaidthatthestudyandapplicationoffractalshadbeencon-ductedinalmosteveryfieldgenerallyformorethan2oyears.On1yformetalfracturefield,greatevolutionandprogresshavebeenacquired,thegeneralrulesarethatalthoughthefracturesurfaceisscraggyandirreg-ular,ithasobviousselfanaloguecharacteristicwhenitisobservedwithinsomerealmofsize[1'2].There-foretheirregularityofthefracturesurfacecan…     

Joining of silicon nitride to SUS304 stainless steel using a sputtering method

Silicon nitride with thin sputter-deposited titanium and nickel films was joined to SUS304 stainless steel (18% Cr-8% Ni) using metallic buffers in a series of silicon nitride/nickel/ molybdenum/nickel/SUS304, and the joining strength and microstructures were investigated. Four-point bending tests showed fracture strength of the joints up to 169 MPa. Cracks were formed at the interface between the silicon nitride and its adjacent nickel buffer, and frequently extended into the silicon nitride. Microstructural analyses revealed that the silicon nitride reacted with the sputter-deposited titanium producing titanium nitride and isolated silicon atoms, and that silicon and titanium diffused into the nickel buffer. Calculations using a finite-element method indicated a marked reduction in thermal stress induced in the joined silicon nitride with increasing thickness of the molybdenum buffer. The strong interfacial bond inducing the fracture of the joined silicon nitride was interpreted in terms of a good interfacial reaction, the interdiffusions and the reduction of thermal stress being due to the insertion of the molybdenum buffer.     

Fracture of silicon nitride joined with an aluminium braze

Mechanical Properties of silicon nitride joined with aluminium braze have been investigated using fracture mechanics. The highest bonding temperature, 1133 K, produced the highest four-point bend strength of 417 MPa, the strength depending strongly on stress rate. The fracture parameter,N, for slow crack growth in the joint was 29.7 which was near to that of the silicon nitride. Stress corrosion cracking is believed to be one of the serious problems associated with ceramic joining.     

Herstellung und komplexe Charakterisierung von Metall‐Keramik‐Verbundschichten

Formation and characterization of metal‐ceramic coatings The influence of the formation process and used materials of metal‐ceramic coatings on the structural properties of the deposited layers were investigated and optimized to increase the mechanical properties. There the deposition of the metal‐ceramic‐layers occurred by a combination of electrophoretic and galvanic deposition with siloxane as bonding compound. Layers with a high ceramic content were successfully created. As ceramic components commercial silicon carbide and silicon nitride were used. Nickel and Copper respectively were applied as metal component to fill the porous ceramic structure with the aim to increase the strength of the layers, where nevertheless a pre nickel‐plating or pre cupper plating of the steel substrate X6Cr17 before ceramic component deposition had to be done to increase the adhesion of the layers. The layer characterization was made by optical microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, where especially the bonding of the single particles by the siloxane was in evidence.     

Microstructures and adiabatic shear bands formed by ballistic impact in steels and tungsten alloy

Projectiles of sintered tungsten alloy were fired directly at two kinds of steel target plates. The microstructures near the perforation of a medium, 0.45% carbon steel target plate can be identified along the radial direction as: melted and rapidly solidified layer, recrystallized fine‐grained layer, deformed fine‐grained layer, deformed layer and normal matrix. The adiabatic shear bands cannot be found in this intermediate strength steel. The microstructures along the radial direction of perforation of 30CrMnMo steel target plate are different from that of the medium carbon steel. There was a melted and rapidly solidified layer on the surface of the perforation, underneath there was a diffusing layer, and then fine‐grained layer appeared as streamlines. Several kinds of adiabatic shear bands were found in this higher strength steel; they had different directions and widths, which were relative to the shock waves, as well as the complex deformation process of penetration. The deformation of the projectiles was rather different when they impacted on target plates of medium carbon steel and 30CrMnMo steel. The projectile that impacted on the medium carbon steel target plate was tamped and its energy dissipated slowly, while that which impacted on the 30CrMnMo steel target plate was sheared and the energy dissipated quickly.