Tabu Search Strategies for the Public Transportation Network Optimizations with Variable Transit Demand

Abstract:   Systematic tabu search (TS)-based heuristic methods are put forward in this article and applied for the design of public transportation networks with variable demand. A multi-objective nonlinear mixed integer model is formulated. Solution methodologies are proposed, which consist of three main components: an initial candidate route set generation procedure (ICRSGP) that generates all feasible routes incorporating practical bus transit industry guidelines; a network analysis procedure (NAP) that decides transit demand matrix, assigns transit trips, determines service frequencies, and computes performance measures; and a Tabu search method (TSM) that combines these two parts, guides the candidate solution generation process, and selects an optimal set of routes from the huge solution space. Comprehensive tests are conducted and sensitivity analyses are performed. Characteristics analyses are undertaken and solution qualities from different algorithms are compared. Numerical results clearly indicate that the preferred TSM outperforms the genetic algorithm used as a benchmark for the optimal bus transit route network design problem without zone demand aggregation .     

控规层面的交通需求管理

提出一套适用于控规层面的交通约束应用程序框架,以尽可能充分利用控规一级所能掌握的关于土地使用、交通需求和交通设施方面的信息,协调这三者的关系,从而改变传统控规在这方面的空白局面,使得控规成为落实我国当前城市发展迫切需要的TDM理念的承上启下的关键规划工具.并给出这一程序的简单应用实例.     

国家运输廊道的运输需求特征分析及规划启示

随着我国综合交通运输体系的日 渐发展，“运输集中”现象，即少数关键的 设施承担高比重或重要运输功能的现象日 益明显。笔者通过量化分析和案例观察， 发现我国大多干线运输线路大都表现出3/7 的规律，即大致30%的骨干线网规模承担了 70%左右的货物运输量或车公里数，通常意 义上“帕累托法则”在运输空间分布领域得 以体现，这一规律现象也符合欧美国家的 经验总结。据此，笔者给出了我国关键运输 廊道识别原则，为今后进一步完善我国综 合运输通道建设、优化通道资源配置提供了 一定参考依据     

考虑负荷不确定性的分布式能源系统鲁棒优化

针对分布式能源系统的经济效益有可能因实际负荷的不确定性无法充分发挥的问题,将考虑设备容量离散性的优化配置方法与最小最大后悔值法相结合,发展了考虑负荷不确定性的鲁棒优化配置方法.基于此方法,结合实例,采用由微型燃气轮机冷热电三联供和地下水地源热泵组成的分布式能源系统形式,研究负荷不确定性对系统配置和经济性的影响.考虑负荷不确定性有可能改变系统的优化配置容量、设备总造价及年总费用的最大后悔值,并降低系统优化配置方案在实际运行时的经济风险,使其经济效益更具鲁棒性.该实例研究验证了该方法的有效性.     

Robust Maintenance Policies for Markovian Systems under Model Uncertainty

Abstract:  Asset management systems help public works agencies decide when and how to maintain and rehabilitate infrastructure facilities in a cost-effective manner. Many sources of error, some difficult to quantify, can limit the ability of asset management systems to accurately predict how built systems will deteriorate. This article introduces the use of robust optimization to deal with epistemic uncertainty. The Hurwicz criterion is employed to ensure management policies are never "too conservative." An efficient solution algorithm is developed to solve robust counterparts of the asset management problem. A case study demonstrates how the consideration of uncertainty alters optimal management policies and shows how the proposed approach may reduce maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) expenditures.     

Transportation Demand Management Planning,Development, and Implementation

Transportation demand management (TDM) is the art of modifying travel behavior, usually to avoid more costly expansion of the transportation system. TDM is not a panacea, but it can help ease some transportation problems. TDM requires the cooperation of many actors, who may include developers; landowners; employers; business associations; and municipal, county, regional, and state levels of government. This article reviews new TDM organizational forms, including transportation management associations, trip reduction ordinances, and negotiated public-private agreements. More flexible approaches appear to work best. TDM evaluation is difficult, because reductions in trip generation rates, i.e., relative changes in travel demand, are not easy to measure. Evidence suggests that TDM can be applied in a wide variety of situations, with equally variable, and sometimes quite good, overall results. TDM strategies that often have proven to be effective include on-site employee transportation coordination, parking management provisions, and alternative work schedules.     

“魅力网”概念下的城市设计方法 探讨

本文首先对"魅力网"进行了阐述,接着研究了"魅力网"的空间原型支撑体系,然后提出了一种以"构形——属性"空间原型互动的"魅力耦合法"来建构城市"魅力网",最后以贵州省习水县城市空间布局专项规划为实践案例解析了"魅力耦合法"建构"魅力网"的组织逻辑。     

Water Supply and Demand Balances: Converting Uncertainty Into Headroom

This paper reports on research into the development of a standard procedure for calculating headroom. Headroom is a legitimate planning allowance to account for uncertainties in the supply/demand balance in a water-resource plan. Prior to this research, the UK water industry did not have an agreed method for calculating headroom, which resulted in inconsistencies in regulatory submissions. The research built on previous studies to define an approach that would be practical and easy to apply. A pragmatic methodology using a series of forms with clear guidelines was developed. The methodology has been applied in the 1998 supply/demand balance submissions to the regulatory authorities as part of the Asset Management Plan 3 periodic review.     

运输需求管理的思想、方法及实施的基本内容

运输需求管理 (TDM )在发达国家已得到重视并开始实施 ,并成为解决目前交通问题的有效措施 ,我国存在同样的交通问题 ,需要引入TDM管理思想 .介绍了国外采取的措施及取得的成果 ,提出了我国TDM的措施和引入TDM思想的初步做法 .     

城市交通需求管理的国际借鉴与策略建议

交通需求管理是解决当前我国城市交通拥堵与高碳排放问题的当务之急。城市交通需求管理的根本理念是引导人们采取科学的交通行为、理智地使用道路交通设施及其有限资源。结合各国的实践,城市交通需求管理的主要策略有:坚持公交优先、引导小汽车合理使用、发展自行车交通、土地使用与交通用地联合规划、推行步行化模式等。     

多目标组合优化的城市骑行路网规划设计

【目的】骑行路网作为城市重要的绿色基础设施之一，是居民绿色出行的重要载体。以城市骑行路网规划设计为目标，提出一种基于多源数据的城市骑行路网规划设计方法。【方法】首先，利用兴趣点和骑行大数据实现对城市道路空间特征和骑行使用特性的量化刻画。其次，综合考虑骑行路网使用现状、潜在需求、规划预算以及道路连通性等因素，对骑行路网规划问题进行多目标组合优化建模。最后，针对性地提出一种改进蚁群算法对该问题进行求解，并以宁波市中心五区为例，对该方法进行验证。【结果】该方法有效地识别出在未来骑行路网规划中应着重考虑的城市道路与功能节点，展示了不同目标、不同情景下的差异化骑行路网规划方案。【结论】该方法可有效解决骑行路网规划问题，为构建便利、高效的绿色骑行网络提供基于数据驱动化的技术支持，得出的规划政策建议对提高城市存量道路空间利用效率、指导城市绿色交通规划具有重要的实践意义。     

轨道交通衔接设施布局的无缝化应对策略——以广州市轨道交通近期线网为例

轨道交通及其衔接设施的无缝衔接是影响轨道交通水平的重要因素,交通衔接设施的设置应综合考虑城市空间发展需求与轨道交通运输特点两个方面。广州市轨道交通线网从城市空间层面,通过衔接功能区划建立与城市空间优化耦合的衔接设施;从轨道交通运输层面,通过设定零距离换乘的衔接标准、一体化的轨道交通衔接布局、人性化的换乘设计,实现轨道交通服务的无缝化。     

Influence of Demand Uncertainty and Correlations on Traffic Predictions and Decisions

Abstract: Decisions to improve a regional transportation network are often based on predictions of future link flows that assume future travel demand is a deterministic matrix. Despite broad awareness of the uncertainties inherent in forecasts, rarely are uncertainties considered explicitly within the methodological framework due at least in part to a lack of knowledge as to how uncertainties affect the optimality of decisions. This article seeks to address this issue by presenting a new method for evaluating future travel demand uncertainty and finding an efficient technique for generating multiple realizations of demand. The proposed method employs Hypersphere Decomposition, Cholesky Decomposition, and user equilibrium traffic assignment. Numerical results suggest that neglecting correlations between the future demands of travel zone pairs can lead to improvement decisions that are less robust and could frequently rank improvements improperly. Of the six sampling techniques employed, Antithetic sampling generated travel demand realizations with the least relative bias and error.     

城市道路信息管网需求量预测分析

城市道路信息管网是一种新兴的管网技术。通过对其需求量影响因素进行分析,建立了城市道路信息管网需求量的预测步骤及模型。并以运营商——中国电信为例,验证了预测模型的正确性;在此基础上,给出了其它运营商信息管网需求量预测的具体建议,供各城市发展道路信息管网时参考。     

结构不确定时滞组合系统的分散鲁棒稳定化

研究了一类具有结构不确定性线性时滞组合系统的分散鲁棒稳定化问题．文中利用比较原理，给出一种与时滞常数有关的通过分散无记忆状态反馈，使不确定组合系统渐近稳定的充分条件．     

上海市轨道交通规划与实施

上海市的轨道交通起源较早,20世纪初就已建成有轨电车线路多条,50年代开始了地铁的规划并作试验性的实施建设,但于文革开始时中断。改革开放以来,尤其是在中央决定开发开放浦东的新形势下,为上海市建设轨道交通设施系统带来了前所未有的大好时机。笔者简要介绍上海市轨道交通系统规划在不同历史阶段的发展要点,并提出城市轨道交通系统还必须融入到城市的交通综合系统中去,使轨道交通系统在整个城市的交通功能中发挥其应有的作用。     

交银十六铺大厦设计回顾与心得

交银十六铺大厦是上海交通银行坐落于十六铺的新址，紧邻黄浦江，地上16层，地下二层。1至3层为银行营业大厅，4至16层为内部办公区域。总建筑面积38 000m2，高88m，是一座现代化的办公大楼。建筑造型浑厚，立面采用石材幕墙，隔江望来，颇有银行建筑殷实富有的气度，与外滩众多历尽百年的银行建筑遥相呼应。 该地块东西南三面为环路，北边紧靠五层高的良良饭店，考虑退界，基地实际可使用面积只有2 560m2,虽然用地紧张，但总平面人流路线分区合理，互不干扰：底层西东两侧分别为营业厅主次入口，北面同良良饭店形成闹中取静的内院作为内…     

基于供需平衡的装配式PC构件运输成本优化

借助BIM与RFID(射频识别)技术能够实现信息接收、传递与反馈,可对装配式建筑构件进行基于实时动态需求的进度管理。以现场供需平衡为导向对PC构件运输进行分析,建立成本优化模型。将PC构件运输过程中的影响因素和约束条件进行量化,建立目标函数并用改进混合蚁群算法进行求解。通过实际案例应用,实现PC构件运输成本的动态控制,提高PC构件管理水平。     

新型城市化建设背景下的广州交通发展战略思考

文章回顾了广州城市交通发展历程,分析了新型城市化发展战略与“一体化、差异化”的交通发展战略,指出广州现有交通网络及枢纽体系对近期确定的多项发展战略平台的交通支撑不足,难以引导各大平台在珠三角层面的竞合发展要求.通过比较研究,提出了面向区域发展导向的多中心、网络型的一体化交通发展战略构想.     

非均衡区域综合交通网布局模式研究

从区域经济的角度看,开发模式可按点、线、面、体四个要素划分.交通网是点和线的有机集合,其空间布局与发展必须与区域经济开发相适应.对非均衡型区域和发展中的地区而言,近期采用"点-轴渐进式开发"模式,远期采用"网络开发"模式不失为一种正确的战略选择.重构甘肃综合交通网布局主要从确定"点"、开发"轴线""联网""拓面"等方面进行.