氮化镓基发光二极管的发光光谱和功率特性

用直流和脉冲电流的方法研究了氮化镓基紫色和蓝色发光二极管的发光光谱和功率特性.结果表明,紫色发光二极管的发光中心波长在直流情况下随电流的增加发生红移,在脉冲情况下随电流的增加发生蓝移;蓝色发光二极管的发光中心波长在直流和脉冲情况下都发生蓝移.两种发光二极管的功率在直流情况下会发生饱和,并随电流的进一步增加而急剧减小,以上现象可能是由于热效应和量子阱中的压电效应引起的.     

氮化镓基发光二极管的发光光谱和功率特性

用直流和脉冲电流的方法研究了氮化镓基紫色和蓝色发光二极管的发光光谱和功率特性.结果表明,紫色发光二极管的发光中心波长在直流情况下随电流的增加发生红移,在脉冲情况下随电流的增加发生蓝移;蓝色发光二极管的发光中心波长在直流和脉冲情况下都发生蓝移.两种发光二极管的功率在直流情况下会发生饱和,并随电流的进一步增加而急剧减小,以上现象可能是由于热效应和量子阱中的压电效应引起的.     

用脉冲腐蚀制备发光多孔硅

采用脉冲腐蚀方法，研究多孔硅的动态腐蚀过程，测定了动态电流和时间的关系，提出并讨论了动态腐蚀机理．用脉冲腐蚀制备得到发光多孔硅，与直流腐蚀相比较，脉冲腐蚀能得到均匀性更好、发光更强的多孔硅，而且ＰＬ峰位有一定的蓝移，我们认为脉冲腐蚀是一种更优秀的制备方法，并对此作了初步的讨论．     

基于光子晶体光纤和飞秒激光源的近红外波段宽带孤子和可见区高效色散波产生的实验

将钛宝石激光器产生的飞秒激光脉冲泵浦实验室自制的高非线性双折射光子晶体光纤,脉冲的中心波长为820 nm,位于光子晶体光纤的接近于零色散的反常色散区.实验结果表明:随着泵浦功率的增加,一阶孤子的中心波长发生了红移,同时产生的色散波的中心波长则发生蓝移进入可见光区.当泵浦功率达到0.45 W时,色散波与残余泵浦的输出功率比为42.67,色散波的带宽达到81 nm,而处于近红外波段的红移孤子带宽可达231 nm.利用高非线性光子晶体光纤产生近红外波段宽带孤子和可见区高效色敬波的实验对飞秒激光频率转换和光谱展宽具有很好的借鉴意义.     

超高亮度（烛光级）发光二极管进展

介绍各种发光波长超高亮度发光二极管的材料，器件，特性，结构及其应用，现已发展和生产坎德垃圾的超高亮度橙红色，黄色，绿色和蓝色发光二极管。     

InGaN/GaN MQW双波长LED的MOCVD生长

利用金属有机物化学气相淀积(MOCVD)系统生长了InGaN/GaN多量子阱双波长发光二极管(LED).发现在20 mA正向注入电流下空穴很难输运过蓝光和绿光量子阱间的垒层,这是混合量子阱有源区获得双波长发光的主要障碍.通过掺入一定量的In来降低蓝光和绿光量子阱之间的垒层的势垒高度,增加注入到离p-GaN层较远的绿光有源区的空穴浓度,从而改变蓝光和绿光发光峰的强度比.研究了蓝光和绿光量子阱间垒层In组分对双波长LED的发光性质的影响.此外,研究了双波长LED发光特性随注入电流的变化.     

用发光二极管和单模光纤进行560 Mbit/sec-25 km的传输实验

美国贝尔通信研究所，用发光二极管和单模光纤，将560 Mbit/sec的信号传输25.3 km。发光二极管的发光中心波长为1.283 μm，谱线半宽度为11.5 nm。半导体激光器前面涂膜，膜层反射率小于0.5%,从而成为超辐射发光二极管。光纤内输入功率为-24 dBm。传输速度为140 Mbit/sec时，可传 输50.1 km。也作了用面发光型和端面发光型发光二极管的传输实验。     

科技简讯

世界最高120m W功率的蓝紫色激光器三洋电机最近开发出一种脉冲振荡输出功率为120m W,达到了世界最高功率水平的蓝紫色激光器。利用这种激光器能实现H D-DVD或Blu-ray Disc等下一代大容量光盘和DVD的双层记录,同时也为更高速记录提供高功率的光拾音光源。通过控制发光层的组分,可提高发光效率并降低光损耗,使最高输出功率达120m W。该公司利用独创的激光稳定技术,使这种激光器具有低输出时的低噪声特性和高输出工作时的高可靠性。该公司还将于2006年开发出输出功率达到200m W的新型激光器。(No.8)氧化镓蓝色发光二极管早稻田大学的科…     

1W级大功率白光LED发光效率研究

研究了1W级大功率白光发光二板管(LED)发光效率随功率变化的关系.实验结果表明,功率在0～0.11W的范围里,发光效率随功率迅速增加;功率达到0.11W时,发光效率为15.6 lm/W;当功率大于0.11W时,发光效率随功率增加开始减小,功率继续增加时,发光效率降低的速度越来越快.在器件额定功率1 W附近,发光效率为13 lm/W.发光效率随功率增加而下降主要是由于芯片温度升高、电流泄漏等导致的载流子有效复合几率下降引起的.     

隧道结AlGaInP发光二极管

报道了通过隧道结将衬底的导电类型从n型转变到p型,从而可以利用n型GaP作为以n型GaAs为衬底的AlGaInP发光二极管的电流扩展层.n型电流扩展层的电阻率低于p型电流扩展层的电阻率,这种结构改善了电流扩展层的作用,从而提高了发光二极管的光提取效率.对3μm GaP电流扩展层的发光二极管,实验结果表明,隧道结发光二极管的发光功率与具有相同基本结构的传统发光二极管相比,20mA时发光功率提高了50%,100mA时提高了66.7%.     

GaN基功率LED高低温特性研究

首次对自制的GaN基大功率白光和蓝光发光二极管在-30~100°C的温度下进行了在线的光电特性测试,对两种不同LED的正向电压、相对光强、波长、色温等参数随温度变化的关系进行了数据曲线拟合,对比分析了参数变化的原因,以及这些变化对实际应用的影响。结果表明,温度对大功率LED的光电特性有很大影响,通过对比发现白光LED的部分光参数随温度的变化不仅与GaN芯片有关,同时受到荧光粉的影响。低温环境下,要考虑LED的正向电压升高和峰值波长蓝移对应用的影响;而高温条件下要考虑光功率降低和峰值波长红移对应用的影响。     

Improvement of the performance of GaN-based LEDs grown on sapphire substrates patterned by wet and ICP etching

Sapphire substrates patterned by a selective chemical wet and an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching technique was proposed to improve the performance of GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). GaN-based LEDs were fabricated on sapphire substrates through metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The LEDs fabricated on the patterned substrates exhibit improved device performance compared with the conventional LED fabricated on planar substrates when growth and device fabricating conditions were the same. The light output powers of the LEDs fabricated on wet-patterned and ICP-patterned substrates were about 37% and 17% higher than that of LEDs on planar substrates at an injection current of 20 mA, respectively. The enhancement is attributable to the combination of the improvement of GaN-based epilayers quality and the improvement of the light extraction efficiency.     

Improved light extraction efficiency of GaN-based light emitting diodes using one and two interfaces of ITO/ZnO layer texturing

Light extraction efficiency of GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) has improved significantly by using ITO/ZnO layer texturing. We have deliberately designed and successfully fabricated GaN-based LEDs having one and two interfaces of ITO/ZnO layer texturing in the device structure. It was found that the light extraction efficiencies of one and two interfaces of ITO/ZnO-layer texturing LEDs were 22.29% and 35.54% at 20 mA of current injection, respectively. Creating the chances of multiple light scattering at more than one interface is playing a major role to enhance light output power of the device. The source of the enhanced light output power is also discussed.     

p-GaN与ITO欧姆接触的研究

针对GaN基发光二极管中p-GaN与透明导电薄膜ITO之间的接触进行研究,尝试找出透明导电层ITO的优化制程条件。将在不同氧流量、ITO厚度及退火温度下制备的透明电极ITO薄膜应用于GaN基发光二极管,来增加电流扩展,减小ITO与p-GaN欧姆接触电阻,降低LED工作电压及提高透过率、增强LED发光亮度。将ITO薄膜应用于218μm×363μm GaN基发光二极管LED,分析其在20 mA工作电流条件下正向电压和光输出功率的变化,在优化条件下制得的蓝光LED在直流电流20 mA下的正向电压3.23 V,光输出效率为23.25 mW。     

Improvement of Reliability of GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes by Selective Wet Etching With p-GaN

In an attempt to enhance the reliability of GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the selective wet chemical etching of p-GaN surface in the GaN-based LEDs using KOH+NaOH in an ethylene glycol solution was investigated. The leakage currents of the etched LED under forward and reverse bias voltages were much lower, compared to those of a nonetched LED. The etched LED also showed improved light extraction efficiency and the degradation rate of light output power at a high injection current of 300 mA was slower than that for a nonetched LED. These results can be attributed to a decrease in the surface defects, an increase in hole concentration, and the increased surface roughness of the etched p-GaN     

DC Current-Induced Rollover of Illumination Efficiency of GaN-Based Power LEDs

Pulse drive currents were utilized to investigate dc current-induced rollover of illumination efficiency of GaN-based power light-emitting diodes (LEDs). By using the pulse drive currents, we can separate the effects that junction temperature and current injection have on dc current-induced rollover of illumination efficiency of GaN-based power LEDs. Comparing the measurement results obtained from pulse and dc drive currents, we verified that junction temperature and current injection were the major causes of dc current-induced rollover of illumination efficiency of power LEDs.     

High-Efficiency GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes Fabricated With Metallic Hybrid Reflectors

We report on high-efficiency GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated with metallic hybrid reflectors (MHRs). It is shown that the MHRs consisting of an injection part (with low p-contact resistance and intermediate reflectance) and a spreading part (with high p-contact resistance and good reflectance) can enhance current injection and overall light reflectivity. Compared with reference LEDs with single reflectors, LEDs fabricated with Ag-based MHRs give higher output power by 8.9% and a reduction in forward voltage by 0.02 V (at 20 mA), resulting in the improvement of the power efficiency by 10%.     

GaN基白光LED温度特性实验研究

实验研究了恒流驱动条件下,GaN基白光LED的正向电压、发光光谱和发光效率随环境温度的变化情况.结果表明,在输入电流恒定的情况下,随着温度的升高,结电压和发光强度与温度具有良好的线性关系,并且GaN基白光LED的发光颜色总是向蓝光漂移,而小电流驱动时比大电流驱动时蓝光漂移更明显.根据实验结果,分析了器件的最佳额定工作电流.

Abstract：

Under a constant driving current, the changes of the forward voltage, emission spectrum and luminous efficiency of GaN-based White LEDs with the ambient temperature are studied experimentally. It is found that the forward voltage and the luminous intensity depend on the temperature linearly with constant injection current, and luminous colors of GaN-based White LEDs always shift towards blue. And the blue shift with low driving current is more obvious than that with high driving current. According to the results, the best rated operating current of GaN-based white LEDs is discussed.     

Enhancing the output power of GaN-based LEDs grown on wet-etched patterned sapphire substrates

GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with emitting wavelength of 450 nm were grown on patterned sapphire substrates (PSSs) fabricated by chemical wet etching. The crystallography-etched facet was {1-102} R-plane with a 57/spl deg/ against {0001} C-axis and had superior capability for enhancing light extraction efficiency. The light output power of the PSS LED was 1.15 times higher than that of the conventional LED at an injection current of 20 mA. The output power and external quantum efficiency were estimated to be 9 mW and 16.4%, respectively. The improvement was attributed not only to geometrical shapes of {1-102} crystallography-etched facets that efficiently scatter the guided light to find escape cones, but also to dislocation density reduction by adopting the PSS growth scheme.     

High efficiency and improved ESD characteristics of GaN-based LEDs with naturally textured surface grown by MOCVD

The following paper presents a study on GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with naturally textured surface grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The study utilizes a well-known approach of increasing light extraction efficiency. The approach is based on naturally formed V-shaped pits on surface that originate from low-temperature-growth (LTG) conditions of topmost p-GaN contact layer. In our experiment, the high-temperature-grown (HTG) p-GaN layer was inserted between the p-AlGaN electron-blocking layer and the LTG p-GaN contact layer, in order to suppress pit-related threading dislocations (TDs). These TDs may intersect the underlying active layer. The results of the experiment show that GaN-based LEDs with the HTG p-GaN insertion layer can effectively endure negative electrostatic discharge voltage of up to 7000 V. We also noted that application of 20-mA current injection yields output power of about 16 mW for the LEDs emitting around 465 nm. The output power results correspond to an external quantum efficiency of around 30%.