加氢装置往复压缩机气阀的优化设计及改造

在石油化工生产中高压以及超高压,低流量范畴中,往复压缩机依然占据着难以替代的重要位置,然后气阀是往复压缩机的重要部件之一,气阀自身的稳定性和有效性,与往复压缩机整体的平稳运行密切相关,气阀在运行过程中产生的阀片断裂、气阀温度升高等失效现象会直接影响压缩机的平稳运行。因此,通过结合现场实例,对某石化装置往复压缩机气阀优化设计提出一种综合性的改造方案,用以强化往复压缩机气阀的整体强度,预防气阀故障与风险,提高往复压缩机运行的可靠性与时效性,确保设备的长周期稳定运行,装置的安全平稳生产。     

往复压缩机气阀泄漏的原因分析和改进

针对某炼油厂120万t/a加氢装置新氢压缩机在运行过程中出现的气阀泄漏问题,通过对气体组份、工艺操作、气阀设计等方面的分析,判断出压缩机气阀泄漏的原因,并进行设计改进,为此类故障的判断提供了借签。     

制加氢压缩机气阀寿命短的原因分析及改进

在某制加氢装置中,压缩机经过气阀改造后因气阀故障频发而导致装置生产波动及非计划停车,进而影响压缩机运行的经济性和可靠性。针对某石化公司制加氢压缩机组气阀使用寿命短的原因进行了详细分析,并对故障气阀采取了相应的改进措施。从目前改进气阀的应用效果来看,有效解决了压缩机气阀使用寿命短的问题。     

聚丙烯循环气压缩机气阀振动原因分析及处理

阐述了聚丙烯装置活塞压缩机PK2301气阀振动大的出现过程,详细分析了聚丙烯装置活塞压缩机PK2301气阀振动大的原因,提出了聚丙烯装置活塞压缩机PK2301气阀振动解决方法,通过采取5项有效措施,彻底解决了这一问题,一次开机正常,保证了聚丙烯循环气压缩机的平稳运行。     

高压一氧化碳压缩机气阀及控制系统的改进

高压一氧化碳压缩机气阀的频繁损坏和无级气量调节系统HydmCOM执行机构的密封室泄漏,造成生产不能正常运行和压缩机周围CO含量超标,通过对气阀和HydmCOM执行器的密封件损坏现象进行分析,最终找出了故障原因,并针对该故障原因,对气阀和HydroCOM密封件进行改造,保证了装置生产的安全长周期的运行,取得了起好的经济效益。     

加氢装置往复压缩机气阀损坏案例分析

往复压缩机是润滑油高压加氢装置的核心设备,设备的可靠运行对装置平稳安全运行意义非常重大。针对压缩机气阀在开工运行中出现的问题,分析故障原因,从设备选型及操作注意事项进行分析,提出解决方案。     

压缩机蘑菇型气阀的改造及应用

当前在炼油加氢精制装置中,基于蘑菇型气阀的压缩机组在运行中经常出现气阀故障而造成事故频发,而该类气阀故障的突发性往往使应急处置困难,极易造成事故扩大。基于此,提出一种压缩机蘑菇型气阀的改造技术,首次成功将加氢装置压缩机蘑菇型气阀改造为网状气阀。从当前单台压缩机组气阀改造的应用效果来看,气阀故障率大大降低,且产生经济效益巨大,有效地解决了压缩机组气阀故障频发的难题。     

大型往复压缩机气阀频繁异响分析与解决

对某柴油加氢改质装置大检修后,循环氢压缩机开机过程中出现的气阀频繁异响失效问题进行分析,找出了气阀频繁异响的4方面原因,从气阀弹簧、气阀阀盖螺栓、压阀套和气阀垫子等辅助部件进行设计改进,如装置开工硫化后及时更换被腐蚀的气阀弹簧、提高气阀紧固螺栓热处理性能、提高压阀套强度、提高气阀垫子弹性性能等,最终使机组气阀频繁异响问题得以解决,取得了明显的改造效果,目前该机组平稳运行8000 h,未出现气阀异响故障,为国内同类设备处理类似问题提供了借鉴和参考。     

往复压缩机气阀损坏分析及处理措施

论述了柴油加氢装置新氢压缩机,因气阀损坏导致撞缸事故的过析及处理措施。     

渣油加氢装置中循环氢压缩机的控制方案研究

循环氢压缩机是渣油加氢的核心工艺设备,它的安全平稳运行,直接关系到装置的经济效益和安全生产。根据加氢装置中循环氢压缩机特点,重点分析调速系统、超速保护及防喘振系统,有利于提高压缩机性能和稳定性,为装置的安全生产提供保障。     

Analysis on possibility of expanding low-load operation area for homogeneous charge compression ignition in CI engine with variable exhaust valve actuation

Various technologies are being studied for the advancement of diesel passenger cars and associated environmental regulations. Effective compression ignition combustion in diesel engines is highly dependent on the cylinder charging temperature, composition, and cylinder pressure during valve train operation. The application of variable valve control in diesel engines has several potential advantages. In this study, we applied the variable valve actuation system to a single-cylinder engine model using a GT-POWER simulation and analyzed the effects of the recompression and rebreathing valve profiles, and fuel-injection pressure on the combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine. As a result, NOx emissions were reduced by more than 90 %, while those of indicated mean effective pressure were reduced by up to 35 %. The benefits of recompression strategies in terms of NOx emissions reduction were confirmed.

     

气动发动机的试验研究

为优化气动发动机的设计,提高气动发动机的工作性能,在一台由R175柴油机改装的二冲程气动发动机上进行详细的台架试验研究,并提出两个评价气动发动机性能的新指标--比质量流量和总能量效率.采用变压器机油、冷冻油和特制机油等三种不同的润滑油进行气动发动机的润滑油试验,试验结果表明润滑油对气动发动机的经济性和动力性影响很大.针对水套中无水、注入常温水和开水等三种不同换热条件进行气动发动机的换热试验,试验结果表明加强换热条件对气动发动机的经济性和动力性帮助有限,但多级利用压缩空气可以提高气动发动机的总能量效率.利用三种不同进气提前角的进气凸轮,进行三种不同配气相位的速度特性和负荷特性试验.试验表明:气动发动机在低速阶段拥有较好的经济性和动力性,进气提前角为10 ℃A时,气动发动机性能最好.     

某海洋平台废气涡轮增压中冷柴油机提高性能探究

废气涡轮增压中冷柴油机广泛应用于海上油气开发,在柴油机运行过程中,增压后空气温度下降可以提高进气空气密度,进而提高柴油机功率以及效率。通过现场运行分析发现,随着柴油机功率提高和空冷器换热效率下降,增压空气温度上升,而柴油机低温水出口温度设定为50℃不变,导致了柴油机性能降低。本研究通过理论分析、实验等方式对该柴油机进气温度可变性进行分析研究,寻求最佳进气温度以提高主机燃油效率、降低排气温度及污染物排放。     

Feasibility and performance study of turpentine fueled DI diesel engine operated under HCCI combustion mode

In the present investigation a volatile fraction of Pinus resin called Turpentine has been experimented in a direct injection diesel engine under HCCI combustion mode. The engine chosen to experiment is a single cylinder DI diesel engine and modified in such a way to ignite Turpentine in a diesel engine under HCCI mode. As the Turpentine has a higher self ignition temperature the ignition of Turpentine in regular diesel engines with auto-ignition is not possible. Hence, suitable modification is made in the engine to ignite Turpentine in a diesel engine like diesel fuel. The modified engine has ECM controlled fuel spray and an air preheater in the suction side of the engine. The combined effort of adiabatic compression and supply of preheated air ignites turpentine by auto-ignition and its timing of ignition is precisely controlled by changing intake air temperature. This investigation revealed that the engine operated with turpentine performed well with little loss of brake thermal efficiency. And, emitted comparatively lower emissions such as NO_x and smoke and proved that the turpentine is a best suited fuel for HCCI operation.     

某大功率柴油机结构振动辐射噪声源探究

某公司研发的大功率柴油机装车后,用户反映怠速时发动机后端噪声大,并伴有“格拉拉”的异响。为确定发动机的噪声源,本文分别在台架和整车上对发动机做了振动噪声试验,试验结果显示发动机的噪声主要来自齿轮室、高压油泵和空压机以及缸盖罩壳,发动机“格拉拉”的异响是齿轮室的齿轮撞击声,造成齿轮撞击的主要原因是齿轮啮合间隙过大。对此本文提出了两种降噪方案：第一在齿轮室、高压油泵和空压机等处加装遮蔽罩;第二改进齿轮和缸盖罩壳设计,减小齿轮啮合间隙和缸盖罩壳耦合振动,降低噪声。     

D150A柴油机气门正时的模拟计算

在一台单缸150柴油机性能方案计算优化的过程中,应用性能分析软件AVLBOOST建立了柴油机模型,在模型校准的基础上,针对该机排气门开启角较大这一状况,以满足功率、燃油消耗率等指标要求为目标,以气缸最高燃烧压力、排气温度为约束条件,对排气正时等进行了改进,为进一步提高柴油机的性能奠定了基础。     

Transient heat transfer studies on a diesel engine valve

Numerical calculations based on finite difference approximations are carried out to assess the transient thermal response of the inlet and exhaust valves of a Tata-Mercedes, six cylinder, four stroke, water cooled diesel engine with a compression ratio of 19.5 and a rated power output of 110 hp at 3000 rpm for three different engine loadings. A detailed analysis has been given for estimating the boundary conditions of the inlet and exhaust valves of an internal combustion engine. The problem has been extended by applying a thin ceramic insulation coating of 2 mm thickness at the valve plate. The isothermal distribution in the valve bodies and the heat flow rates through the various cooling media for three different engine loadings have been depicted for each of the cases with and without insulation coating. The results indicate a reduction in heat loss through valves by use of an insulation coating on the valve plate.     

Demonstrating Improved Fuel Economy Using Subsystem Specific Lubricants on a Modified Diesel Engine

Fuel economy performance in modern internal combustion engines is of increasing importance to lubricant formulators due to regulations targeting global greenhouse gas emissions. Engines typically employ a single lubricant, with a common sump, to service all components. As a result, base oil and additive selection for fuel economy performance is a compromise among competing demands for different engine subsystems. Opportunities for significant fuel economy improvement through targeted formulation of lubricants for specific engine subsystems are presented, with specific emphasis on segregating the lubricant supplies for the valve train and the power cylinder subsystems. A working prototype was developed in a lab environment by modifying a commercially available twin-cylinder diesel engine. Motored valve train and whole-engine fired test results were obtained and compared to model data. Fuel economy benefits were demonstrated using market representative heavy-duty diesel lubricants, including mineral oil and polyalphaolefin (PAO) blends. The fuel economy benefits of a dual-loop lubricant system are demonstrated through significant viscosity reduction in the power cylinder subsystem, achieving overall engine friction reductions of up to 8% for the investigated operating condition. Results suggest that additional gains may be realized through targeted base oil and additive formulation. Implications for incorporation in larger diesel engines are also considered.     

JQLH-I加氢裂化实验装置设计

加氢裂化是一种石化工业中的工艺。即石油炼制过程中在较高压力的温度下。氢气经催化剂作用使重质油发生加氢、裂化和异构化反应，转化为轻质油（汽油、煤油、柴油或催化裂化、裂解制烯烃的原料）的加工过程。它与催化裂化不同的是在进行催化裂化反应时，还伴随有烃类加氢反应。加氢裂化实质上是加氢和催化裂化过程的有机结合．能够使重质油品通过催化裂化反应生成汽油、煤油和柴油等轻质油品。又可以防止生成大量的焦炭，还可以将原料中的硫、氮、氧等杂质脱除，并使烯烃饱和。加氢裂化具有轻质油收率高、产品质量好的突出特点。     

Influence of compression ratio on combustion characteristics of a VCR engine using Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel and diesel blends

The standard configuration parameters of a Variable compression ratio (VCR) engine neglect to give specific execution with biodiesel from distinctive origins. Alongside, a bunch of exploration of diversified biodiesel over performance and emission analysis, extremely constrained work has been taken out on combustion analysis with VCR. This survey was performed to identify the impact of compression ratio on the combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with Calophyllum inophyllum oil methyl ester (COME) and its blends with diesel. Experiments were conducted at a fixed speed of 1500 RPM, full load and at different compression ratios of 16:1, 17:1 and 18:1. Results, revealed that combustion duration of Calophyllum inophyllum oil was more, while the ignition delay period was shorter than that of diesel.