电厂SIS与仿真机连接及其数据的仿真应用

介绍了电厂监控信息系统（SIS）与仿真机的连接及SIS数据的仿真应用。SIS和电站仿真相结合对电厂的安全、经济运行有着重要的意义。在应用中设计了SIS与电站仿真系统之间的连接方式,开发了相应的接口软件,并把SIS数据与仿真机应用相结合。经过多个电厂的实际应用,证明SIS环境下仿真系统不仅能够更快、更逼真地实现仿真机的开发,同时也为培训人员进行现场事故分析和故障重演等提供了很好的应用手段。     

火电机组仿真机及其在四川的建设概况 上

简述火电机组仿真机在国内外的发展概况,其作用、功能、技术特点及设备的组成。对其技术发展趋势提出了看法。论述了在四川建设该种仿真机的必要性,可行性。表明建设以江油发电厂引进法国330 MW火电机组为仿真对象的全范围仿真机,技术难度大。简述了该机建设概况及技术特色。     

基于虚拟DCS的火电仿真机的设计与开发

针对电站仿真培训系统现状,开发出基于虚拟DCS的多功能火电站仿真机,介绍虚拟DCS及其实现方法,并给出仿真机的软、硬件配置。该仿真机可实现电厂DCS控制逻辑和控制策略的全仿真。     

Development of advanced power system analog simulator

The digital simulation method has been utilized to analyze phenomena in power systems. Since different algorithms can be applied, depending on the phenomena to be analyzed, digital simulation allows for high-precision analysis. However, it also has a disadvantage: it produces continuous phenomena which occur in actual systems only fragmentarily. Thus, when discussing important projects at research centers such as IREQ in Canada, an analog simulator issued to continuously analyze the phenomena from the moment the fault occurs until steady state. These analog simulators, however, consist of only a few generator models. They are only effective for analyzing phenomena in small-scale systems and do not allow for analysis of phenomena in large-scale systems over a long period of time. For this reason, the Kansai Electric Power Company (KEPCO) in cooperation with Hitachi, Ltd., and Fuji Electric Co., Ltd., has developed the world's largest power system simulator (APSA: Advanced Power System Analyzer). The simulator will be used to analyze the evolution of accidents in actual systems and to analyze continuous system phenomena over a long period. This paper describes an outline of the simulator.     

Hybrid adaptive control for non‐linear uncertain impulsive dynamical systems

A direct hybrid adaptive control framework for non‐linear uncertain hybrid dynamical systems is developed. The proposed hybrid adaptive control framework is Lyapunov‐based and guarantees partial asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop hybrid system; that is, asymptotic stability with respect to part of the closed‐loop system states associated with the hybrid plant states. Furthermore, hybrid adaptive controllers guaranteeing attraction of the closed‐loop system plant states are also developed. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed hybrid adaptive stabilization approach. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PowerWorld Simulator电力系统仿真可视化软件包的功能及应用

美国伊利诺伊大学电气及计算机工程学院开发的PowerWorld Simulator电力系统仿真可视化软件可直观形象地显示电力系统的运行情况.用户可以建立、更改各种电力系统模型及参数,在仿真器中进行各种操作,从而对模型进行潮流分析、故障分析及经济运行分析等.阐述仿真器强大的功能和操作简易的特点,并与其他仿真软件进行比较,通过在PowerWorld Simulator中实现仿真算例,分析比较仿真结果,证明了PowerWorld Simulator的准确性,以及在电力系统行业的应用前景.     

Real-time digital simulation of power electronics systems with Neutral Point Piloted multilevel inverter using FPGA

Most of actual real time simulation platforms have practically about ten microseconds as minimum calculation time step, mainly due to computation limits such as processing speed, architecture adequacy and modeling complexities. Therefore, simulation of fast switching converters’ instantaneous models requires smaller computing time step. The approach presented in this paper proposes an answer to such limited modeling accuracies and computational bandwidth of the currently available digital simulators.As an example, the authors present a low cost, flexible and high performance FPGA-based real-time digital simulator for a complete complex power system with Neutral Point Piloted (NPP) three-level inverter. The proposed real-time simulator can model accurately and efficiently the complete power system, reducing costs, physical space and avoiding any damage to the actual equipment in the case of any dysfunction of the digital controller prototype. The converter model is computed at a small fixed time step as low as 100 ns. Such a computation time step allows high precision account of the gating signals and thus avoids averaging methods and event compensations. Moreover, a novel high performance model of the NPP three-level inverter has also been proposed for FPGA implementation. The proposed FPGA-based simulator models the environment of the NPP converter: the dc link, the RLE load and the digital controller and gating signals. FPGA-based real time simulation results are presented and compared with offline results obtained using PLECS software. They validate the efficiency and accuracy of the modeling for the proposed high performance FPGA-based real-time simulation approach. This paper also introduces new potential FPGA-based applications such as low cost real time simulator for power systems by developing a library of flexible and portable models for power converters, electrical machines and drives.     

质子交换膜燃料电池发电系统建模与分析

对质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)发电系统进行动态建模和分析,模型包括质子交换膜燃料电池,供气系统和直流-直流(DC-DC)变换器等部分。首先建立用于预测燃料电池电化学特性和反应气体压力特性的集中参数动态模型,同时给出了供气系统和DC-DC转换器的动态模型,也给出了比例积分型DC-DC变换控制器的设计方法。然后仿真和分析了PEMFC发电系统对快速变化负载的动态响应。采用Matlab-SIMULINK软件对5kW的PEMFC发电系统进行仿真。仿真结果表明系统模型结构简单,计算量小;PEMFC发电系统能够满足快速负载功率需求,满足不同负载的使用要求。     

电力系统动态模拟数字主站系统的建设

随着电力系统数字化进程的加快,传统的纯物理的电力系统动模实验室已难以满足现代电力系统实验教学的要求。为了强化实践环节,对清华大学电力系统动模实验室进行了数字化改造。介绍了动模实验室的数字主站系统的建设情况,包括教学支持应用功能、基于网络的计算机软硬件结构、电力设备的数字化建模和可视化的人机画面,实现了物理动模系统的数字监控和分析,使电力系统实验的能力和效率有了质的飞跃,且已推广应用到国内多个大学。     

A new command governor architecture for transient response shaping

In this paper, we develop a control framework for stabilization and command following of nonlinear uncertain dynamical systems. The proposed methodology consists of a new command governor architecture and an adaptive controller. The command governor is a dynamical system that adjusts the trajectory of a given command to follow an ideal reference system capturing a desired closed‐loop dynamical system behavior in transient time. Specifically, we show that the controlled nonlinear uncertain dynamical system can approach the ideal reference system by choosing the design parameter of the command governor. In addition, an adaptive element is used to asymptotically assure that the error between the controlled nonlinear uncertain dynamical system and the ideal reference system is reduced in long term. Therefore, the proposed methodology not only has closed‐loop transient and steady‐state performance guarantees but can also shape the transient response by adjusting the trajectory of the given command with the command governor. We highlight that there exists a trade‐off between the adaptive controller's learning rate and the command governor's design parameter. This key feature of our framework allows rapid suppression of system uncertainties without resorting to a high learning rate in the adaptive controller. Furthermore, we discuss the robustness properties of the proposed approach with respect to high‐frequency dynamical system content such as measurement noise and ∕ or unmodeled dynamics. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed architecture. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cost reduction and minimization of land based on an accuratedetermination of fault current distribution in shield wires andgrounding systems

The authors describe the methodology used in a careful analysis of the fault current distributions in neutral metallic paths, power system protection requirements, and ground potential rise (GPR) evaluations carried out at FPL's Lauderdale power plant and associate switchyard. These studies resulted in substantial cost savings and land utilization minimization for the power system expansions at Lauderdale plant by confirming that the in-situ expansion and reconfiguration aimed at constructing two electrically independent substations sharing the same site and grounding system is a sound economical alternative to the construction of a new substation and associated significant site preparation and construction costs. The study illustrates, using a real-life installation, the distribution of fault currents and ground potentials along overhead ground wires and neutral conductors connected to a power plant under fault conditions     

Real-time digital simulator for power system analysis

To understand a number of power system phenomena and to predict critical conditions in system operation, such as voltage collapse, a real-time simulator able to model the dynamic behavior of large power systems has been needed for a long time. The need for real-time simulations stems from the fact that in many practical situations it is desirable to test new equipment and analyze the dynamic behavior of a large power system using the actual pieces of equipment. A new digital simulator was developed based on a hypercube-type massively parallel computer to achieve this objective. The new simulator features: (1) real-time simulation of a large power system which covers transient stability through long-term behavior with constant accuracy level; (2) user-friendly man-machine interfaces which mimics an actual operating environment and realtime data presentation on a CRT; and (3) high-speed digital/analog conversion interfaces which connect the digital simulator to actual equipment.     

An intelligent tutoring system for a power plant simulator

In this paper, an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) is proposed for a power plant simulator. With a well designed ITS, the need for an instructor is minimized and the operator may readily and efficiently take, in real-time, the control of simulator with appropriate messages he(she) gets from the tutoring system. Using SIMULINK and based on object oriented programming (OOP) and C programming language, a fossil-fuelled power plant simulator with an ITS is proposed. Promising results are demonstrated for a typical power plant.     

Frequency-Adaptive Power System Modeling for Multiscale Simulation of Transients

A multiscale power system modeling methodology for the integrative simulation of electromagnetic and electromechanical transients is introduced, implemented and validated. It makes use of frequency-adaptive simulation of transients (FAST) in which the shift frequency appears as a new parameter in addition to the time step size. For fast electromagnetic transients, tracking of instantaneous waveforms as in the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) is performed. When slower electromechanical transients involving power oscillations prevail, the Fourier spectra of the waveforms are shifted by typically either 50 or 60 Hz to eliminate the ac carrier and enable envelope following as in phasor-based simulation. An algorithm for the automatic setting of both shift frequency and time step size is proposed. Multiscale models of transformers, synchronous machinery, and transmission lines based on FAST are developed. The line model is distinguished in that it bridges both lumped and distributed parameters to efficiently emulate scale-bridging phenomena from steady state to traveling waves. The overall methodology is thoroughly validated: first against a staged field test involving transients of line energization and recovery on the network of the Bonneville power administration (BPA); then through comparison with an EMTP-type simulator in modeling diverse transients on a four-machine two-area power system.     

变电站仿真机中线路保护的仿真

介绍应用STAR - 90支撑系统进行电气建模的方法 ,以上海电校电力仿真机为例 ,介绍了以逻辑法实现输电线继电保护的仿真。     

电厂优化运行辅助决策系统的设计与实现

研究了电厂运行优化的关键问题,包括数据采集与处理、在线经济性能计算、优化运行目标值的确定和耗差分析等,提出厂级监控信息系统(SIS)平台下的优化运行辅助决策系统的框架。基于微软.netFramework解决方案和Browser/Server多层架构体系,设计和实现了该优化运行辅助决策软件系统。通过Web页面实时显示各机组主要运行参数和性能参数偏离目标值后对全厂供电煤耗率影响的定量关系,对机组的运行状况进行评价和决策并给出优化运行指导,其通用的软件组件设计模式使系统具有广泛的适应性和工业应用前景。     

电力系统综合仿真方法研究(一):VPNET(英文)

随着智能化电力电子装置在现代电力系统中的应用,信息交换成为电力系统完成复杂保护及控制功能的重要因素,因此通信系统的影响也应该在设计电力系统的过程中给予充分的考虑。但是,传统的电力系统仿真软件都没有系统仿真通信影响的能力;同时,搭建一种新的仿真软件需较多的时间和投入。联合仿真因此成为解决此类问题的另外一种选择,它能够利用各单个仿真软件已经存在的仿真模型,同时支持跨学科仿真软件之间的联合仿真。提出了一种新的联合仿真的平台VPNET,它综合了电力系统虚拟测试平台(virtual test bed,VTB)和通信仿真软件OPNET来研究通信在电力系统中的影响。首先回顾了电力系统联合仿真方法的国内外发展概况,然后介绍了仿真方案VPNET以及实现该方案所需的关键技术。接着列举了该方案的2个具体应用:一是仿真网络化控制中延迟的影响;二是仿真基于多智能体通信的船舶电力系统保护。仿真结果符合理论分析,验证了该平台的有效性。     

山东600MW火电站仿真机介绍

详细介绍了山东600 MW火电站仿真机的系统组成、软件功能和技术特点。     

省、地广域互联的分布式DTS系统

多调度中心间的联合反事故演习是互联电网调度运行的现实需求。文中提出了“分布式建模、分布式仿真、分布式培训”模式的省、地两级电网广域互联调度员培训仿真器（DTS）系统。介绍了支持省、地两级电网广域互联DTS系统的总体思路,阐述了分布式DTS系统的整体结构和软件模块构成,分析了其中的关键技术,包括电网建模、DTS系统教案生成、仿真互动等方面,最后介绍了该系统的实际应用情况。     

智能家居电能计量和控制系统设计

提出了智能家居电能计量和家电控制系统的设计方案。该方案采用RS-485总线为通信方式,对家电的耗电量进行采集,并把电量传入家庭网关进行数据处理和显示。详细阐述了系统总体设计框架、各模块电路硬件以及软件设计流程。该方案实现了家庭和大功率家电的电量采集,并能通过家庭网关进行电量显示和家电控制。