宝钢30000m~3/h空分设备技术改造及效果

介绍了宝钢 3# 30 0 0 0m3/h空分设备改为分子筛吸附流程的设备增设、更新、修复的基本情况 ,比较了改造前后的运行状况。改造后的空分设备 ,稳定性和安全性明显改善 ,而且氧气、氮气的产量增幅达 14 4 4%和 15 87% ,新增粗氩产量为 30 0m3/h。     

宝钢2~#空分改造暨国产化30000m~3/h空分投产总结

总结了宝钢 2 #空分改造中工艺系统、设备系统、工程管理的情况及存在问题 ;有效改造方案的实施 ,使宝钢 30 0 0 0m3/h空分设备的改造投资降低 30 % ,改造后该空分设备年创经济效益近 30 0 0万元     

世界最大的PSA制氮装置在沪建成投产

四川天一科技股份有限公司(天科股份)自主创新的专利技术,建于上海石洞口煤气公司的11000Nm^3／h的变压吸附(PSA)空分制氮装置已通过72h考核验收。据悉,这是世界上建成的单套PSA空分制氮最大工业装置。     

特大型空分设备的开发

通过介绍我国空分技术的发展概况 ,着重介绍了杭氧在研制特大型空分设备中所取得的设计制造技术重大突破以及宝钢 3 0 0 0 0m3/h及北台 5 0 0 0 0m3/h空分设备的设计制造业绩。     

宝钢大型空分设备回顾与空分行业展望

汇列了宝钢引进的两套 2 60 0 0、两套 30 0 0 0、一套 72 0 0 0、一套 60 0 0 0m3/h空分设备的技术参数、流程与设备特点 ,列述了大型空分设备的发展轨迹、安全事项及发展方向。图 6表 1参 4。     

宝钢72000m~3/h空分设备和膜式冷凝蒸发器

72 0 0 0m3/h空分设备是 1994年从美国APCI公司引进的国内最大空分设备 ,在 1997年开始试车和试生产中发生了液空、液氮输送困难和氧化亚氮堵塞问题 ,分析与膜式冷凝蒸发器的不适当选用有关。 1999年 10月进行了完善性大修 (增加液空输送泵与一旁通阀 ) ,自此 72 0 0 0m3/h空分设备运行稳定。     

中国空分设备公司信息三则

▲由中国空分设备公司总成套的 15 0 0 0m3 /h制氧机组在天津天铁冶金集团有限公司全面并网并投入试生产。▲由中国空分设备公司总成套的柳州钢铁 (集团 )公司 15 0 0 0m3 /h制氧设备胜利投产 ,当天送氧即达到 16 0 0 0m3 /h以上。该设备采用了国内较为先进的膨胀空气进下塔的制氧工艺 ,全低压分子筛吸附、增压透平膨胀机、规整填料塔、全精馏无氢制氩、氧气内压缩流程 ,DCS TP控制系统。氧的提取率为 97%,氩的提取率可达 90 %。 2 0 0 3年 6月 10日 ,空分公司与柳州钢铁 (集团 )公司又签订了一套 2 0 0 0 0m3 /h空分设备成套及服务合同。…     

天科股份11000m3/hPSA制氮装置通过验收

2004年12月22日《中国化工报》报道，运用四川天一科技股份有限公司(天科股份)自主创新的专利技术，建于上海石洞口煤气公司的11000m^3／h的变压吸附(PSA)空分制氮装置日前通过72小时考核验收。据悉，这是世界上建成的单套PSA空分制氮最大工业装置。     

宝钢2号空分改造暨首台国产“3万”空分投产总结会在沪召开

宝钢股份 2号空分改造暨首台国产“3万”空分投产总结会 2 0 0 3年 3月 14日在上海宝山宾馆召开 ,有 2 0余个单位(部门 ) 5 0多位代表参加。宝钢股份公司李海平副总经理、陈守群总经理助理到会。会议由宝钢能源部部长邹宽主持。会上 ,宝钢股份公司能源部制氧分厂厂长赵志鸿作了“宝钢股份 2号空分改造项目总结” ,武汉钢铁设计研究总院项目总设计师杨涌源作了“首台国产 30 0 0 0m3/h制氧机的诞生历程与评述” ,杭州杭氧集团有限公司常务副总经理、总工程师毛绍融作了“宝钢 30 0 0 0m3/h(氧 )空分设备研制总结” ,开封空分集团有限公司设计…     

杭氧与北台签订国产最大的空分设备订货合同

连日来 ,杭氧股份公司捷报频传 ,继国产第一套“三万”等级的空分设备———上海宝钢 30 0 0 0m3/h (氧 )一次开车成功、 2 0 0 2年 12月 30日通过性能考核以及金川“14 0 0 0”内压缩流程空分设备也开车成功并顺利通过性能考核后 ,2 0 0 3年元月中旬 ,杭氧股份有限公司又与北台钢铁 (集团 )有限公司签订了国产最大的空分设备———北台 5 0 0 0 0m3/h (氧 )空分设备的订货合同。北台 5 0 0 0 0m3/h (氧 )空分设备的主要技术参数如下 :气氧 5 0 0 0 0m3/h (99. 6 %O2 ) ;液氧 2 0 0 0m3/h (99. 6 %O2 ) ;气氮 6 0 0 0 0m3/h (≤ 10× 10 - …     

PSA法分离空气的基本理论和模型

综述了用变压吸附法分离空气的基本理论，建立了描述变压吸附过程的物理模型和数学模型。通过分析各种吸附平衡理论，认为混合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ模型和理想溶液模型最适于本问题，为进一步用数值方法进行ＰＳＡ空分的设计计算打下理论基础。最后对电路模拟法也进行了简单介绍。     

Coherent array imaging using phased subarrays. Part II: simulations and experimental results

The basic principles and theory of phased subarray (PSA) imaging imaging provides the flexibility of reducing the number of front-end hardware channels between that of classical synthetic aperture (CSA) imaging--which uses only one element per firing event--and full-phased array (FPA) imaging-which uses all elements for each firing. The performance of PSA generally ranges between that obtained by CSA and FPA using the same array, and depends on the amount of hardware complexity reduction. For the work described in this paper, we performed FPA, CSA, and PSA imaging of a resolution phantom using both simulated and experimental data from a 3-MHz, 3.2-cm, 128-element capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer (CMUT) array. The simulated system point responses in the spatial and frequency domains are presented as a means of studying the effects of signal bandwidth, reconstruction filter size, and subsampling rate on the PSA system performance. The PSA and FPA sector-scanned images were reconstructed using the wideband experimental data with 80% fractional bandwidth, with seven 32-element subarrays used for PSA imaging. The measurements on the experimental sector images indicate that, at the transmit focal zone, the PSA method provides a 10% improvement in the 6-dB lateral resolution, and the axial point resolution of PSA imaging is identical to that of FPA imaging. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of PSA image was 58.3 dB, 4.9 dB below that of the FPA image, and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) is reduced by 10%. The simulated and experimental test results presented in this paper validate theoretical expectations and illustrate the flexibility of PSA imaging as a way to exchange SNR and frame rate for simplified front-end hardware.     

变压吸附技术的发展

介绍了变压吸附作为一种新型的气体分离技术的发展及其应用。同时与传统的气体分离方法相比较，指出了变压吸附技术具有能耗低，投资省，易操作等显著特点，极富有市场竞争力。最后介绍了变压吸附与其它几种气体分离纯化方法相结合在工业中的应用。     

PSA接枝碳纳米管增强PVA/PSA共混物薄膜的微结构与性能

通过溶液浇铸及化学交联,制备了聚(苯乙烯磺酸钠-co-丙烯酸)接枝碳纳米管(PSA-g-MWNT)增强聚乙烯醇(PVA)/PSA复合膜,着重研究了改性碳纳米管对复合膜的微观结构、力学性能、电导率、离子交换容量(IEC)和吸水率的影响。结果表明,当PVA与PSA质量比为2∶1时,PVA/PSA共混物薄膜的综合性能最佳。接枝在MWNT表面的PSA提高了MWNT与PVA/PSA共混物之间的相容性,实现了MWNT对PVA/PSA薄膜的同时增强、增韧。随着PSA-g-MWNT含量的增加,PVA/PSA/PSA-g-MWNT复合膜的电导率显著提高,IEC值也呈升高的趋势。     

PSA in design of passive/active safety reactors

PSAs in the design of advanced reactors are applied mainly in level 1 PSA areas. However, even in level 1 PSA, there are certain areas where special care must be taken depending on plant design concepts. This paper identifies these areas both for passive and active safety reactor concepts. For example, ‘long-term PSA’ and shutdown PSA are very important for a passive safety reactor concept from the standpoint of effectiveness of a grace period and passive safety systems. External events are also important for an active safety reactor concept. These kinds of special PSAs are difficult to conduct precisely in a conceptual design stage. This paper shows methods of conducting these kinds of special PSAs simply and conveniently and the use of acquired insights for the design of advanced reactors. This paper also clarifies the meaning or definition of a grace period from the standpoint of PSA.     

Influence of specific data on a research reactor probabilistic model

Deterministic safety calculations are usually required and included in the Safety Analysis Report of research reactors. To estimate the risk of a research reactor, Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) is rarely used. In this paper, a PSA of a TRIGA Mark II research reactor with generic and specific data is described. The results are discussed to show the need for PSA and the usefulness of specific examination of the research reactor.Beside the deterministic calculations, PSA has proved to be a powerful tool for safety evaluation of the research reactor. It is recommended that as much specific data is used as is possible for initiating event definitions and frequencies estimation. We do not recommend the building of an extensive data base for components. When safety of non-standard technologies is estimated it is recommended that a preliminary PSA is carried out first. It enables definition of needed specific data to be collected and contributes to better employment of human resources.     

变压吸附过程数学模型及其应用

从基本假设、吸附平衡、传质模型、控制方程等方面分析了变压吸附过程的数学模型的构成。从传质模型来区分,PSA数学模型主要有平衡模型、线性推动力模型和孔扩散模型。不同的数学模型具有各自的优缺点,适用不同的PSA分离过程。在建模过程中,应该选用既能反映实际过程又能尽量简化的模型。     

IAEA activities on extending PSAPACK as a tool for use in NPP safety management

The paper reviews the current efforts of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) towards developing a PC based PSA software (PSAPACK) as a tool for operational safety management of nuclear power plants. Safety decisions which can be supported by PSA and the types of results needed are presented.

The basic elements contained in the package for the options of recalculating or remodelling a PSA are presented. Two potentially important problems associated with the reevaluation of core melt frequency using a predetermined file of cut sets, namely: the generation of ‘super sets’ and the use of truncated cut sets are discussed.

Finally, IAEA's future activities in this area are mentioned.     

Simulated annealing-based multiobjective algorithms and their application for system reliability

The paper presents five simulated annealing based multiobjective algorithms - SMOSA, UMOSA, PSA, PDMOSA and WMOSA. All of these algorithms aim to find a Pareto set of solutions of a system reliability multiobjective optimization problem in a short time. In each algorithm the solution vector explores its neighborhood in a way similar to that of Classical Simulated Annealing. All the algorithms are problem-specific and if the true Pareto-optimal set has few solutions, UMOSA, SMOSA, PSA and WMOSA work better than PDMOSA. In some cases, PSA works the best. The computational cost is least in the case of the WMOSA algorithm since it does not need to use the penalty function approach to handle the constraints, and is the maximum with PDMOSA since it requires two sets of Pareto solutions.