Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic acidosis is a pathophysiologic state that is associated with serious morbidities and mortality. The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis is perplexing for novice and expert advanced practice nurses for many reasons. Its differential diagnosis is broad and includes common and rare, complex disease. The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis is also difficult because it is frequently associated with mixed, acid-base disorders. Its clinical manifestations are often nonspecific or subclinical, which means that its diagnosis is made from laboratory and other diagnostic tests. Timely diagnosis of metabolic acidosis is needed to institute appropriate therapy to avoid negative physiologic effects.     

真空精炼系统故障诊断的模糊聚类分析

大型真空冶金系统 (DVMS)的故障点多、故障现象与故障原因间对应关系复杂 ,很难从抽气机理上来精确地进行故障诊断。DVMS工艺要求能对该设备进行快速、准确的故障诊断。为此 ,介绍了一种基于模糊聚类算法的智能诊断模型。该模型具有很强的自学习、自组织能力 ,适用于大型复杂真空系统的故障诊断。以RH KTB真空冶金系统的智能故障诊断为例 ,给出了真空冶金系统模糊故障诊断的实际过程。通过分析证实了该算法对大型复杂真空冶金系统智能故障诊断的有效性     

机械故障诊断中的误诊原因分析

机械故障的误诊是提高故障诊断可靠性的最大难题之一。对造成误诊的各种原因进行了综合分析，并提出了降低误诊率的相应策略。     

Biopsy for diagnosis of tuberculosis

Recent advances of molecular techniques make diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis rapid and easier comparing to conventional techniques. However, diagnosis for tuberculosis, especially tuberculous pleuritis, tuberculous lymphadenitis and non-pulmonary tuberculosis, is not easy. Transbroncheal lung biopsy (TBLB) is a helpful examination for not only pulmonary tuberculosis but also malignant diseases. The pleural biopsy using Cope needle was commonly used as a method for diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis, and the sensitivity of pleural biopsy is about 50% or more. Furthermore, the pleural biopsy using thoracoscopy was reported to show a higher sensitivity for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis. A lymph node biopsy is also a useful method for diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Thus, a biopsy method is the reliable tool for diagnosis of not only pulmonary tuberculosis, but also other organ tuberculosis.     

基于NN和MRA的轧机故障诊断信号数据压缩研究

轧机故障诊断信号数据具有有限分辨率、周期性、概率分布冗余和非概率分布冗余等特点。通过构造一新的基于NN的无损数据压缩方案用于压缩轧机故障诊断信号数据的非概率分布冗余空间 ,然后选择一合适的基于MRA的编码系统用于消除轧机故障诊断信号数据的概率分布冗余 ,最后把基于NN的无损数据压缩方案嵌入基于MRA的编码系统 ,获“基于NN和MRA的轧机故障诊断信号数据压缩方法” ,达到较全面消除轧机故障诊断信号数据冗余的目的。实验证明基于NN和MRA的数据压缩方法能有效压缩轧机故障诊断信号数据 ,且恢复的信号数据有较高质量     

The differential diagnosis of Meniere's disease

The diagnosis of "classic" Meniere's disease is easy to make. Unfortunately, Meniere's disease is a diagnosis of exclusion and many disease entities can mimic Meniere's disease. Thus, it is essential to eliminate other possible etiologic agents for complaints that could be related to Meniere's disease before making this diagnosis. This article evaluates the differential diagnosis in Meniere's disease.     

Prolonged monitoring with video-EEG. Clinical applications]

INTRODUCTION: The differential diagnosis of paroxysmal events include a large number of entities. A careful diagnosis is needed because of the specific treatment that most of them require. If a mistake is done in the diagnosis, the consequences in the treatment may be relevant, not only because the maintenance of the episodes but because the secondary effects of the wrong medications. The video-EEG monitoring is key when the diagnosis of epileptic seizures is suspected. However, this is not the exclusive indication for a video-EEG monitoring study. CONCLUSIONS: Nowadays, epilepsy surgery is not considered without a previous monitoring study. In this article we review the indications for a video-EEG monitoring must be included as an usual system of diagnosis in a Neurophysiology Unit.     

带有创新诊断技术的压力变送器及其应用

研究了带有诊断技术的压力变送器的测量原理及其向用户提供诊断信息的途径;论述了罗斯蒙特压力变送器运行流程;并举例说明了带有创新诊断技术的压力变送器的应用效果。     

Rapid trisomy diagnosis (21, 18, and 13) using fluorescent PCR and short tandem repeats: applications for prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic diagnosis

PURPOSE AND METHODS: Prenatal diagnosis of fetal trisomies is usually performed by cytogenetic analysis from amniotic fluid. This requires lengthy laboratory procedures and high costs and is unsuitable for large-scale screening of pregnant women. An alternative method, which is rapid and inexpensive and may potentially be suitable for diagnosing trisomies even from single fetal cells, is the fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (F-PCR) using polymorphic small tandem repeats (STRs). RESULTS: In this paper we present data demonstrating that fluorescent PCR amplification of STRs can be used for rapid diagnosis of trisomy 21, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13 and can be successfully applied to both prenatal diagnosis and diagnosis of single cells. This study also reports significant numbers of prenatal diagnoses using quantitative fluorescent PCR. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that further studies of greater numbers of samples will determine the absolute reliability of this technique. These results also provide a model for trisomy diagnosis from single cells using multiple STR markers for either preimplantation genetic diagnosis or, potentially, diagnosis from fetal cells isolated from maternal blood.     

数据网络技术在故障诊断中的应用

Introduced the basic principle and structure of the grid computing technology, as well as the application combined with the fault diagnosis expert systems. Put forward that use grid node to construct integrated fault diagnosis system based on object model, experience rule, neural network model and practice, so that the aptitude and efficiency of the diagnosis system is improved. Researched on the method of applying the grid architecture in fault diagnosis based on OGSA. It also puts forward the method of fault diagnosis in LAN. Server is made up of grid nodes, which are used for spectrum diagnosis and data tendency diagnosis. Using web Service program, can realize accessing and grid calculating between clients and server. Besides, presented the system control flow.     

Differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

Differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is discussed. Chest X-ray findings of pulmonary tuberculosis may be greatly varied, because tuberculosis may cause three different lesions: an exudative lesion, a proliferative lesion, and a fibrotic lesion, and because it may invade all the structure. Thus, the differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis includes very many diseases. The most important differential diagnosis of nodule is tuberculoma and lung cancer. The clue of the diagnosis is the feature of the nodule and surrounding structure, such as pleural indentation, or knotching. There is, however, the limitation of the diagnosis by imaging: some tuberculoma may show the identical feature with the pulmonary adenocarcinoma. It is important to gather the pathological or bacteriological evidences by means of suitable procedures.     

Piriformis syndrome: assessment of current practice and literature review

Although piriformis syndrome was initially described in 1928, it has remained a nebulous and controversial diagnosis. A literature review reveals that there is no consensus on the diagnosis or treatment of piriformis syndrome. In addition, a survey of 75 physiatrists revealed that whether the diagnosis of piriformis syndrome even exists is controversial. This survey and literature review examines the diagnosis and treatment of piriformis syndrome. The fact that it remains controversial is likely due to a lack of objective clinical trials.     

Current status of clinical diagnosis and DNA test of von Hippel-Lindau disease in Japan

An outline of the clinical diagnosis including the DNA testing in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is briefly explained. The current status of the diagnosis and treatment of VHL disease in Japan is also compared with those in European countries. According to the current experience in the world, DNA testing of VHL disease is regarded as one of the important references for the clinical diagnosis of this disease. We have to improve various points in the Japanese status of the clinical diagnosis, genetic counseling, treatment and follow-up in patients with VHL disease.     

Tuberculosis of the breast

Tuberculosis of the breast is a rare modern disease or a forgotten diagnosis. During the last 15 years (1982-1996), 28 cases of mammary tuberculosis were reported in Japan. The initial diagnosis of almost all were carcinoma. Physical sign, mammography and USG are not so usefull for the diagnosis. It is important for the early and certain diagnosis to detect acid-fast bacilli on smear or culture and to perform pathological examination on biopsied specimen.     

Does autopsy of antenatally diagnosed malformed foetuses aid genetic counselling?

BACKGROUND: Many pregnancies are terminated because of ultrasonographic diagnosis of malformation in the foetus. A detailed foetal autopsy is needed to arrive at a definite diagnosis on the basis of which genetic counselling can be provided. METHODS: Sixty-one foetuses, terminated because of antenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations by ultrasound, were autopsied. The ultrasound diagnosis was compared with the diagnosis reached after autopsy. RESULTS: In 31 cases (51%) the autopsy provided additional findings. In 21 cases (34.4%), the autopsy changed the primary diagnosis. The revised diagnosis led to a change in the risk of recurrence in 18 cases (29.5%). CONCLUSION: Genetic counselling depending solely on ultrasonographic foetal diagnosis may be erroneous. For appropriate genetic counselling, a detailed foetal examination should be carried out after termination in cases with ultrasonographically detected congenital malformations.     

设备诊断中的热成像技术

红外热成像用于设备诊断是一门新技术，温差判定法是热成像诊断中的一种有效方法。宝钢将红外热成像技术应用在电气设备诊断和炉窑诊断上，并积累了一些经验。     

Difficult diagnosis of Crohn's disease

It is often difficult to diagnose Crohn's disease because of the numerous clinical symptoms. In a retrospective study from 1963-1975 the initial diagnosis was examined in 101 patients with Crohn's disease. In 22% of the patients the initial diagnosis was correct, in 78% one or more wrong diagnoses were made. The most regular wrong diagnosis was colitis ulcerosa (30%). 41 patients were unnecessarily treated surgically before the correct diagnosis was established. The mean time from the on-set of the symptoms until the correct diagnosis was 3.6 years, the mean time from the first wrong diagnosis to the correct diagnosis, 2.9 years. In the later few years a decrease in wrong diagnoses, an increase in initially correct diagnoses and a shortening of the interval between beginning of symptoms until final diagnosis are recognizable. The possible reasons are discussed.     

Practical approaches to pediatric gastrointestinal radiology

Radiologic evaluation of the pediatric gastrointestinal tract requires knowledge of the specific problems acutely afflicting the gastrointestinal tract in children and the specialized approaches required for accurate radiologic diagnosis. Efficacious radiologic evaluation and accurate diagnosis are possible only when the radiologist is aware of the presence and significance of clinical findings. The radiologist must take an active role in formulating a presumptive diagnosis and determining the best course of radiologic examination. Careful correlation of clinical and radiologic findings is necessary to assure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.     

Nineteen-year-old female with unilateral ankle pain. What is your diagnosis?

The case history of a 19-year-old female with left ankle pain of 18 months' duration is presented. The reader is encouraged to make his or her own diagnosis after reviewing the history, laboratory values, and imaging. The final diagnosis with a full explanation and differential diagnosis will follow.     

基于Internet的设备远程诊断实现技术研究

设备远程诊断是设备故障诊断技术发展的必然趋势,是近几年随着Internet的发展而兴起的一项综合性新技术.从传统的诊断方式入手,着重介绍了远程诊断技术的主要特点和基本原理,重点讨论了目前有关远程诊断技术新的研究方向,如数据仓库和数据挖掘技术,多网络协议的集成技术,基于分布式系统的CORBA技术,为开发新一代远程诊断系统提出了一些设想和实施过程中的经验和体会.