骨料粒径对混凝土劈拉性能及尺寸效应影响的细观数值研究

混凝土材料宏观力学行为的非线性及尺寸效应根源于其内部组成的非均质性。考虑材料细观结构非均质性的影响,建立由骨料颗粒、砂浆基质和界面过渡区组成的混凝土细观尺度力学模型。对尺寸为150 mm、250 mm、350 mm和450 mm的混凝土立方体模型劈裂抗拉破坏行为进行细观数值模拟,探讨骨料粒径（最大粒径分别为:10 mm、20 mm、30 mm和40 mm）的影响机制,并与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明:1） 混凝土材料的劈裂抗拉强度随着骨料粒径增大而略微降低,最大骨料粒径达到30 mm左右时,强度降低趋势变缓;2） 四种骨料粒径下混凝土立方体劈裂抗拉强度均存在尺寸效应现象,相比于大骨料试件,小骨料试件的破坏更具脆性,因而其尺寸效应更显著;3） 混凝土劈裂抗拉强度尺寸效应行为与 Ba?ant和Weibull提出的尺寸效应理论相吻合。     

再生砖骨料混凝土力学性能及破坏机理研究

以8种设计配合比的再生砖骨料次轻混凝土为研究对象,以水灰比、最大骨料尺寸和粗骨料种类为试验参数,开展了混凝土干密度、立方体抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度试验研究,重点分析了骨料界面特征与再生砖骨料混凝土的破坏机理.结果表明:使用再生粘土砖骨料制备的次轻混凝土28 d抗压强度可达36 MPa,干密度不大于2200 kg/m3,能够减轻自重8％～16％;随着水灰比和取代率的降低,混凝土抗压和劈裂抗拉强度均呈显著增加的趋势;最大骨料尺寸对混凝土抗压和劈裂抗拉强度的影响较小;拟合所得混凝土干密度与力学性能换算公式的相关性较好;砖骨料-砂浆界面过渡区微观结构较为密实,混凝土界面性能得到增强;界面过渡区性能和砖骨料强度是影响再生砖骨料混凝土力学性能的两个关键因素,且砖骨料强度是其中最主要的因素.综合考虑,使用再生粘土砖骨料制备次轻混凝土具有良好的经济性和广阔的工程应用前景.     

多因素对再生混凝土力学性能及抗冻性的影响

为研究不同因素、不同水平对再生混凝土力学性能的作用。该文通过正交试验研究钢纤维掺量、再生粗骨料掺量和粉煤灰掺量对再生混凝土力学性能(抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度)的影响,确定各因素对再生混凝土力学性能的影响程度,并加以量化表征,并提出多因素共同作用下再生混凝土力学性能的多元非线性回归模型且进行验证。在此基础上,该文进一步研究再生混凝土的抗冻性。结果表明:再生混凝土的力学性能随钢纤维掺量的增加而提高;随粉煤灰掺量增加而降低;再生粗骨料掺量对再生混凝土的力学性能影响较小。钢纤维的掺入可提高再生粗骨料的掺量。再生混凝土力学性能的实测值与通过建立的回归模型得到的计算值的最大误差在6.5%以内。此外,钢纤维的掺入和减少再生粗骨料的掺量均可以提高再生混凝土的抗冻性。     

基于颗粒流离散元模型的弹丸侵彻细观混凝土数值模拟方法研究

利用颗粒离散单元法,研究弹丸侵彻细观混凝土模型中弹丸受到介质的阻应力与侵彻速度的关系。采用蒙特卡罗法随机生成并投放混凝土骨料且骨料的粒径分布满足级配曲线。通过对混凝土颗粒离散元细观力学模型进行单轴压缩实验、巴西劈裂实验和双轴压缩实验的参数反演,确定细观模型参数,能使细观混凝土模型具有和一般混凝土等效的力学性能。分析了骨料、过渡层和砂浆三相材料各细观参数对混凝土单轴压缩应力应变关系影响以及锥形弹和平头弹弹丸直径对侵彻阻应力的影响。将颗粒离散元细观力学模型方法计算的弹丸阻应力与空腔膨胀理论计算模型相比较,表明计算离散元方法具有良好的精度和实用性。     

硫酸盐侵蚀玄武岩纤维轻骨料混凝土力学性能研究

为增强轻骨料混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,对不同掺量的玄武岩纤维轻骨料混凝土(BF-LAC)进行不同龄期的硫酸盐侵蚀试验,研究BF-LAC在硫酸盐侵蚀环境下的力学性能和劣化程度.采用浓度为5％的硫酸盐溶液侵蚀玄武岩纤维掺量为0％、0.1％、0.2％、0.3％的BF-LAC并每隔60 d测试抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、有效孔隙率和...     

一种全新的混凝土骨料碱活性快速检验方法

作者在多年研究碱骨料反应膨胀机理的基础上,独创性地提出一种全新的骨料碱活性快速检测方法--溶胶-凝胶膨胀法.该方法将骨料与碱反应后制备成凝胶薄片,通过测定凝胶薄片吸水膨胀的自由膨胀量,评价骨料的碱活性及其大小.利用这种新方法对蛋白石、水晶和十二种来自北京的一般骨料的碱活性进行了研究.实验结果表明,用溶胶-凝胶膨胀法检测高活性蛋白石和非活性水晶时,膨胀量能比较好地反映活性程度的事实,即碱活性高,则膨胀量大;碱活性低,则膨胀量小.检测一般活性骨料时也能够比较灵敏地区分出骨料的碱活性,说明这种检测方法值得进一步研究.     

道面混凝土碱骨料反应及预防

本文介绍了混凝土碱骨料反应的有关概念，结合空军某机场水泥混凝土道面的腐蚀情况，分析了其碱骨料反应，并提出预防机场水混凝土道面碱骨料反应的几点措施。     

塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土细观破坏过程的数值模拟

为从细观结构上研究塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土的破坏机理,通过ANSYS有限元分析软件进行二次开发建立了塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土模型,采用"生死单元"技术描述了各相材料的裂纹开展形态,模拟了塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土抗压和劈裂抗拉试验。对轻骨料混凝土与塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土的裂纹演变过程进行了比较,结果表明:在抗压试验中轻骨料混凝土裂纹最先出现在轻骨料中,随着荷载的增大,裂纹扩展到界面和砂浆中,并与相邻轻骨料的裂缝贯通;而对于塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土,由于塑钢纤维的掺入,改变了轻骨料混凝土裂纹的扩展路径,提高了轻骨料混凝土的延展性,起到抑制裂纹扩展的作用。在劈裂抗拉试验中,对于塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土,大部分塑钢纤维被拉断,只有一小部分被拔出。这与宏观试验结果基本一致。     

硫酸盐侵蚀下掺稻壳灰混凝土的劣化性能及损伤模型

为证实稻壳灰(RHA)对混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀性能的改善作用,优选出掺RHA混凝土配比,并与普通混凝土(NC)对比,研究质量分数5wt%的Na2SO4溶液侵蚀270天内,表观现象、抗压、抗拉强度、有效孔隙率、动弹性模量等性能指标劣化规律,利用SEM观察硫酸盐侵蚀前后试件微观结构变化。结果表明：随侵蚀时间增加,混凝土试件逐渐局部剥落、体积膨胀;抗压、抗拉强度先提高后急剧下降,有效孔隙率先降低后提高,相对动弹性模量先提高后下降;微观分析表明混凝土水化产物与侵蚀介质反应生成钙矾石和石膏,填充内部孔隙,而随侵蚀进行膨胀性钙矾石与石膏超过内部抗拉强度产生裂隙,引起结构膨胀破坏、力学性能劣化。而RHA掺入混凝土生成水化硅酸钙凝胶,提高材料强度和耐腐蚀性,各阶段掺RHA混凝土劣化程度均优于NC。最终建立损伤本构模型,并与实测值对比,准确性较高。     

再生混凝土力学性能的研究进展

再生混凝土的应用,不仅能够解决废弃混凝土处理问题;又能降低因资源过度开采所引起的生态环境破坏,因而具有广阔的发展前景。相比于普通混凝土,再生混凝土的抗压强度、弹性模量以及抗疲劳性能较低,主要与再生骨料多方面因素的影响有关。对近年来再生混凝土力学性能相关研究进展进行了综述,再生骨料总吸水率是降低抗压强度的主要原因,疲劳性能则主要与再生骨料取代率和附着砂浆含量有关。在再生混凝土中掺加矿物掺合料能够改善新、旧双界面从而提高抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度,掌握多个因素的影响和作用对再生骨料和再生混凝土进一步研究和应用具有重要意义。     

混凝土劈裂抗拉强度和弯曲抗压强度尺寸效应的细观数值分析

混凝土作为非均质材料,其材料性能存在随试件几何尺寸变化的尺寸效应。该文在细观层次上将混凝土看作由粗骨料、砂浆和二者界面过渡区组成的三相复合材料,采用刚体弹簧元数值方法模拟了混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度和弯曲抗压强度的尺寸效应,并与已有的试验结果进行了对比验证。结果表明:劈裂加载的试件破坏形态和劈裂抗拉强度与试验结果均具有良好的一致性,并且小尺寸试件所表现出的尺寸效应要明显于大尺寸试件;对不同尺寸四点弯曲钢筋混凝土梁开展细观数值分析得到跨中截面混凝土的弯曲抗压强度,随着梁有效高度的增加,名义弯曲抗压强度整体上呈现降低的趋势,但当梁有效高度大于240mm时趋于稳定。     

Numerical modelling of failure of cement concrete using a unit cell approach

In this paper, a unit cell based approach is followed, where a unit cell consisting of one aggregate surrounded by mortar matrix is used for numerical simulation of mechanical response of cement concrete. Unit cell approach is a simple mathematical approximation that helps us to simplify the simulation of mechanical response of multi-phase composites. To model the failure of matrix, brittle cracking model is used, where the entire fracture zone is represented by a band of micro cracked material. Current study involves; (a) failure analysis of the concrete unit cell when it is subjected to tensile loads, and (b) parametric study of variation of peak strength with shape and volume fraction of aggregate. In this study, circular and square aggregates at various orientations are modelled. The simulation results predict that the peak tensile stresses are not very sensitive to the volume fraction of aggregates, when the unit cell is subjected to tensile loads. This paper effectively demonstrates the power of unit cell model in simulating the nonlinear mechanical response of cement concrete when it is subjected to tensile loading.     

Utilization of quarry by-products for reduction of expansion due to alkali-aggregate reaction

The replacement of normal fine aggregate with high fines limestone screenings is a technique to reduce waste from crushed stone operations, while potentially improving the durability and performance of concrete. The main objective of this research is to evaluate varying percentages of high fines limestone screenings as a partial weight replacement of reactive fine aggregate (similar to limestone sweetening) in mortars to assess reductions in the expansion due to alkali-aggregate reaction (ASTM C 227, ASTM C 1260, and modified ASTM C 1105). Fresh and hardened properties have been evaluated to assess the effects of limestone screenings on performance criteria. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was performed to visually observe and confirm alkali-aggregate reaction products and associated damage. From the physical testing and microstructural analysis, it was found that 50% or more of limestone screenings significantly reduce expansions due to alkali-aggregate reaction, attributed to the preference for monocarbonate formation in the presence of limestone and/or reactive silica dilution. Replacements less than 50% did not significantly reduce expansion.     

基于粘结单元的三维随机细观混凝土离散断裂模拟

开发MATLAB和ABAQUS Python脚本程序,建立含随机三维多面体骨料的混凝土细观有限元模型。通过自编高效C++程序插设三维零厚度的粘结界面单元,以模拟复杂三维离散多裂缝的起裂与扩展。对典型混凝土试件单轴拉伸断裂的模拟,分析粘性界面单元的主要材料参数(抗拉强度与断裂能)对应力-位移曲线、断裂过程、裂缝面特征的影响。结果表明:宏观应力-位移曲线主要受砂浆、界面粘性裂缝单元的抗拉强度、断裂能绝对数值的影响;裂缝面的位置与形态决定于砂浆、界面粘结裂缝单元的抗拉强度相对比值以及断裂能相对比值;混凝土的力学响应反映其裂缝发展特征,二者既决定于断裂材料参数,也受到骨料大小、形状等细观结构因素的影响;建立的有限元模型能有效描述混凝土复杂三维断裂过程。     

New model for the indirect determination of the tensile stress–strain curve of concrete by means of the Brazilian test

On the basis of the results from an experimental campaign and using simple expressions, a model for the indirect determination of the tensile stress?Cstrain curve of concrete by means of a splitting tensile test (Brazilian test) is proposed. By testing complete specimens as well as specimens cut along the loading plane it was possible to determine the equivalent tensile strength component produced in the cylinder subjected to diametral compression. The model made it possible to reproduce adequately the behavior observed in tests carried out with both cylindrical and cubic specimens of materials such as concrete, mortar and rock. This model, if complemented with a more extensive experimental campaign, would provide an expression for the determination of the tensile stress?Cstrain curve of several concretes or quasi-fragile materials.     

A Stochastic Multi-Scale Model for Prediction of the Autogenous Shrinkage Deformations of Early-age Concrete

Autogenous shrinkage is defined as the bulk deformation of a closed, isothermal, cement-based material system, which is not subjected to external forces. It is associated with the hydration process of the cement paste. From the viewpoint of engineering practice, autogenous shrinkage deformations result in an increase of tensile stresses, which may lead to cracking of early-age concrete. Since concrete is a multi-phase composite with different material compositions and microscopic configurations at different scales, autogenous shrinkage does not only depend on the hydration of the cement paste, but also on the mechanical properties of the constituents and of their distribution. In this paper, a stochastic multi-scale model for early-age concrete is presented, which focuses on the prediction of autogenous shrinkage deformations. In this model, concrete is divided into three different levels according to the requirement of separation of scales. These levels are the cement paste, the mortar, and the concrete. A specific representative volume element (RVE) for each scale is described by introducing stochastic parameters. Different scales are linked by means of the asymptotic expansion theory. A set of autogenous shrinkage experiments on the cement paste, the mortar, and the concrete is conducted and used for validation of the developed multi-scale model. Furthermore, the influence of the type and the volume fraction of the aggregate on autogenous shrinkage is studied. Besides, a combined optimum of fine and coarse aggregates is determined. The analysis results show that the proposed model can effectively estimate the autogenous shrinkage deformations of concrete at early-age by taking the influence of the material composition and configuration into consideration.     

高性能混凝土中碱骨料反应的抑制措施研究

本文介绍了碱骨料反应的定义以及碱骨料反应发生的条件、对比了国内外抑制碱骨料反应的主要措施以及用于高性能混凝土中的抑制措施研究状况,通过比较可以得出抑制碱骨料反应的主要措施为：（1）使用非活性集料;（2）控制水泥和混凝土碱含量（Na2O,Na2O＋0．658K2O）;（3）控制湿度;（4）使用混合材或化学外加剂。     

骨料级配对二维模型混凝土单轴抗拉强度影响的理论研究

混凝土尺寸效应及其宏观力学非线性根源于其材料细观组成的非均质性。结合混凝土细观结构形式,将混凝土看作由骨料颗粒、砂浆基质及界面过渡区组成的复合材料。采用双线性弹性损伤模型来描述砂浆基质及界面过渡区的力学行为,假定骨料颗粒为弹性体而不发生破坏,进而推导并获得了单轴拉伸条件下不同骨料颗粒级配混凝土断裂裂缝扩展路径长度及其抗拉强度的理论解。最后,对比了建立的理论公式结果与细观尺度数值模拟结果,验证了构建的关于裂缝长度及抗拉强度理论解的准确性和合理性。