基于有限元模型修正的土木结构损伤识别方法

基于有限元模型修正的结构损伤识别方法计算过程直观、物理意义明确,能同步识别结构损伤位置和损伤程度,是结构损伤评估最直接的依据。该文介绍了基于有限元模型修正的损伤识别方法基本原理与过程,总结近三十年来有限元模型修正技术的发展。土木工程结构模型复杂性(包含大量单元、节点、待修正参数等)导致有限元模型修正过程效率低,详细介绍了基于子结构有限元模型修正的土木工程损伤识别方法在提高计算效率方面的优势。将两种有限元模型修正方法应用于一栋超高层建筑数值模型的损伤识别,说明两类方法在土木结构损伤识别中的特点。土木工程尺度大而结构损伤通常发生在局部区域,子结构方法将整体结构的分析转换为对若干独立子结构的分析,通过少数局部子结构的模型修正实现损伤识别,避免重复分析大尺寸整体结构,为大型结构基于有限元模型修正的损伤识别开辟高精度和高效率的途径。     

基于实测数据的弦支穹顶计算模型修正

 为了使有限元计算模型给出的分析结果与相应的实测结果有良好的相关性,确保计算结果能切实有效地预测结构实测结果,并指导实际结构建造的顺利进行,对一弦支穹顶结构的试验模型实测结果与有限元模型计算结果进行对比分析,发现了理论模型与实际结构之间的差异,识别出导致差异的主要原因,并提出了基于测试结果对计算模型进行修正的算法与理论．通过对一实际试验模型进行的修正计算表明,修正算法能够基于实测数据便捷地对模型进行修正．最后对修正计算模型和原始模型的计算结果与实际模型结构的测试结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,修正后的计算模型较原始模型计算结果与实际模型的实测结果更加吻合,修正模型能够更加准确地描述实际结构．     

面向健康诊断的悬索桥试验模型设计与分析

基于数值模拟的桥梁结构的健康诊断与损伤识别研究存在较大的局限性,而在实际的桥梁上进行破坏性试验目前也是不可能的,所以,模型试验方法在桥梁结构的健康诊断研究中尤为重要。参考实际大跨度悬索桥结构,面向健康诊断设计制作了悬索桥试验模型。试验模型满足多重试验目的的要求,所有构件采用钢材独立加工制作,便于构件更换和重复试验。通过特殊设计的主要构件连接方式,可方便地模拟悬索桥结构的各种可能的损伤情况、异常状态等。对模型进行了详细的静动态测试,同时与有限元计算结果进行了对比分析。通过模型修正,试验模型测试结果与有限元计算结果吻合良好。试验模型和数值模型为今后的有关研究奠定了基础。     

基于经验模态分解和模型缩聚的动力响应重构方法研究

大型工程结构自由度数量巨大,采用现有基于全局有限元模型的时域方法重构此类结构动力响应效率低、计算难度大,因此,提出一种结合经验模态分解和模型缩聚的动力响应重构方法.基于模态综合法,将有限元全模型适当划分为多个子结构,通过坐标转换,得到自由度数目更少的超单元模型,结合带有间歇准则的经验模态分解法进行重构.由于该方法无需考...     

BIM技术的装配式构件系统设计与优化分析

BIM技术是以三维数字技术为基础的建筑信息模型技术,其中涵盖建筑模型的各种数据信息,经过参数转换实体的方式使设计得以实现,将图纸的束缚摆脱。BIM技术的应用使建筑设计更新换代,转变传统管理模式,使工作效率大大提升。本文对BIM技术发展现状及装配式建筑发展特点进行分析,将预制装配式系统作为研究对象,利用BIM技术对节点结构、设计、工程量统计等进行优化分析,为相关领域作出参考。     

探析建筑结构设计中BIM技术的应用

文章主要针对当前建筑行业中BIM即建筑信息模型概念进行了分析,并详细介绍而来技术特点以及设计理念。从而证实BIM是建筑行业发展的又一新的空间,是建筑行业中的信息革命,BIM应当在整个建筑行业中予以推广。     

基于贝叶斯法的复杂有限元模型修正研究

从概率思维角度出发,证明基于最大熵原理的贝叶斯反分析准则函数法和解不适定问题的正则化方法是一致的,提出一种基于信息融合和贝叶斯理论的模型修正方法。该方法采用试验设计构造样本,采用二次响应面作为快速运行模型,通过响应面自身的特性和精度要求进行收敛判断,在响应面迭代中确定信息融合系数（设计规范、有限元计算信息、实测信息）和待修正的设计参数值。该方法充分利用先验信息,迭代计算量较小,可推广至大型复杂非线性结构。某抽水蓄能电站地下厂房结构的有限元模型修正结果验证了该方法的有效性     

基于Agent建模的BIM技术扩散机理研究

基于技术创新理论,利用Agent建模方法研究建筑信息模型(BIM)在建筑企业间的扩散机理。以复杂网络为建模载体,基于阈值模型构建建筑企业决策模型,分析用户偏好、社交网络结构和BIM技术成熟度对企业BIM技术采纳行为的影响。构建一个基于Agent的BIM技术扩散仿真模型,并利用NetLogo软件开发仿真平台,依据仿真结果预测BIM技术扩散趋势,提炼驱动BIM技术扩散的关键因素,最终提出促进BIM技术扩散的政策建议。研究结果表明,社会网络拓扑结构对BIM技术扩散起着重要作用;重连概率能够显著增加BIM技术扩散深度,但是对扩散速度的影响呈现复杂动态性;在同一网络结构下,节点间的相互作用对驱动BIM技术扩散具有一定的稳定性;平均度能在一定程度上缩小网络结构差异;提高初始采纳者比例能够促进创新“起飞”,缩短扩散周期,加快扩散速度,但是对稳定扩散深度影响不大。     

空间桁架结构特征响应信息对模型修正的影响机理分析

实测的结构响应特征信息是有限元模型修正的基础。由于土木工程结构体型巨大和服役环境复杂，使得结构现场测试难度大、成本高和测试信息有限，因此，合理和高效地利用这些来之不易的有限测量信息，以最小的代价实现对有限元分析模型的有效修正，意义重大。从数学问题求解的角度分析结构模型修正，通过一个空间桁架的数值仿真，研究结构特征信息量大小和类型对模型修正的影响，揭示结构特征信息对模型修正的影响机理和规律。基于设计和建立的实验室空间桁架模型的标准试验和损伤试验，开展了基于实测数据的桁架结构模型修正，验证了结论的准确性和可靠性。对如何充分利用有限的结构特征信息对有限元模型进行高效和可靠的修正，提出了一些有价值的参考建议。     

基于层次分析法的BIM内容库网站评价研究

随着计算机信息技术在建筑行业的应用不断普及,建筑信息模型(BIM)已经成为建筑行业先进且实用的技术,在工程建设领域发挥着重要的作用。BIM内容库是用来对建筑信息模型中的构件进行存储和管理的数据系统,是为构建工程设施的BIM模型提供最底层的构件资源支撑。国内外现有的BIM内容库普遍存在构件组织混乱、资源利用率低下的问题,学术界对BIM内容库的组织和利用的相关研究也很匮乏。通过对BIM内容库相关网站进行了调查,运用层次分析法对BIM内容库网站进行评价研究,建立BIM内容库网站的评价标准,寻找出最优的BIM内容库组织结构,为BIM内容库网站建设提供理论基础和应用指导。     

传统纤维模型的一些新发展

纤维模型是结构体系模拟技术发展中的重要里程碑,它具有简单、高效、通用的特点,近年来得到了广泛应用,但其基本假定决定了其在许多结构体系关键效应的模拟方面存在显著缺陷。该文综述了研究团队近7年来针对若干体系计算的关键难点对传统纤维模型进行的大量改进和发展工作。首先在通用有限元程序MSC.MARC平台上开发完成了传统纤维模型并将其拓展至组合框架结构的模拟。随后针对四个体系模拟的关键难点,包括组合框架的楼板空间组合作用、核心筒连梁的非线性剪切和滑移效应、构件端部锚固纵筋滑移效应和钢筋混凝土梁柱构件开裂全过程行为,在对机理和规律充分研究的基础上,分别提出了考虑楼板空间组合作用的纤维模型、考虑剪切和滑移非线性的连梁纤维模型、考虑端部锚固纵筋滑移效应的纤维模型和裂缝宽度全过程定量预测的纤维模型等四个新型纤维模型。这些模型既保持了传统纤维模型的优点,同时能够较准确地考虑上述复杂效应,模拟结果得到了大量试验数据和精细有限元的充分验证。基于上述成果,团队同时开发了一套涵盖钢筋混凝土结构、钢结构以及组合结构等工程常用结构形式的非线性分析程序COMPONA-MARC,为结构体系的精细化模拟提供了强大的平台和工具。     

Autonomous decentralized finite element method and its applications

In this paper, a new solution procedure using the finite element technique in order to solve problems of structure analysis is proposed. This procedure is called the autonomous decentralized finite element method because it is based on the characteristic autonomy and decentralization in life or biological systems (life‐like approach). The fundamental approach is developed according to an idea of cellular automata manipulation by the new neighbourhood model. The finite element method with an algorithm of the relaxation method is adopted as the solution procedure in this approach. The proposed procedure demonstrates that it is a powerful means of numerical analysis for many kinds of structural problems that are structural morphogenesis, structural optimization and structural inverse problems. Our procedure is applied to numerical analysis of three simple plane models: (1) The structural shape analysis problem for the prescribed displacement mode of a truss structure, (2) An adaptive structure remodelling problem on an elastic continuum, (3) An identification problem of thermal conductivity on a continuum. The effectiveness and validity of our idea are shown from their numerical results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Finite element response sensitivity analysis using force‐based frame models

This paper presents a method to compute consistent response sensitivities of force‐based finite element models of structural frame systems to both material constitutive and discrete loading parameters. It has been shown that force‐based frame elements are superior to classical displacement‐based elements in the sense that they enable, at no significant additional costs, a drastic reduction in the number of elements required for a given level of accuracy in the computed response of the finite element model. This advantage of force‐based elements is of even more interest in structural reliability analysis, which requires accurate and efficient computation of structural response and structural response sensitivities. This paper focuses on material non‐linearities in the context of both static and dynamic response analysis. The formulation presented herein assumes the use of a general‐purpose non‐linear finite element analysis program based on the direct stiffness method. It is based on the general so‐called direct differentiation method (DDM) for computing response sensitivities. The complete analytical formulation is presented at the element level and details are provided about its implementation in a general‐purpose finite element analysis program. The new formulation and its implementation are validated through some application examples, in which analytical response sensitivities are compared with their counterparts obtained using forward finite difference (FFD) analysis. The force‐based finite element methodology augmented with the developed procedure for analytical response sensitivity computation offers a powerful general tool for structural response sensitivity analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

弯曲载荷下机织复合材料T型接头渐进失效分析

根据树脂传递模塑(RTM)成型的缎纹机织复合材料T型接头的结构特征和纤维布局特点, 基于ANSYS有限元数值分析平台, 建立符合其真实结构的几何模型和有限元分析模型。基于渐进失效强度预测方法的基本思想, 使用有限元计算软件ANSYS的参数化设计语言(APDL)开发相应的程序, 实现改进形式的Hashin失效准则。采用合适的最终失效评价方法, 建立二维机织结构复合材料T型接头受弯曲载荷时的渐进失效预测方法, 能够有效地模拟从初始加载到最终失效过程中机织复合材料T型接头结构的力学响应及损伤的萌生与发展, 并预测结构的静强度。      

Finite element response sensitivity analysis using three‐field mixed formulation: general theory and application to frame structures

This paper presents a method to compute response sensitivities of finite element models of structures based on a three‐field mixed formulation. The methodology is based on the direct differentiation method (DDM), and produces the response sensitivities consistent with the numerical finite element response. The general formulation is specialized to frame finite elements and details related to a newly developed steel–concrete composite frame element are provided. DDM sensitivity results are validated through the forward finite difference method (FDM) using a finite element model of a realistic steel–concrete composite frame subjected to quasi‐static and dynamic loading. The finite element model of the structure considered is constructed using both monolithic frame elements and composite frame elements with deformable shear connection based on the three‐field mixed formulation. The addition of the analytical sensitivity computation algorithm presented in this paper extends the use of finite elements based on a three‐field mixed formulation to applications that require finite element response sensitivities. Such applications include structural reliability analysis, structural optimization, structural identification, and finite element model updating. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于有限元法的蜂窝夹层结构稳定性研究

蜂窝夹层结构随面板厚度的逐渐变化会出现不同的屈曲现象。针对连续芯层有限元模型, 求出不同面板厚度时结构的屈曲因子, 并与经验失稳公式预测值进行对比, 两种方法的结果基本吻合。建立考虑芯层几何特征的有限元模型, 进行屈曲分析并研究芯层几何参数对结构稳定性的影响。介绍了一种局部屈曲现象——蜂窝壁屈曲, 提出了相应的失稳预测分析方法, 并与三维有限元分析结果进行比较, 验证该方法的正确性。对承受多轴惯性载荷的蜂窝夹层承力筒结构进行稳定性分析, 通过改变面板厚度和纵横惯性载荷比, 得到一系列有限元解, 给出了相关的多轴惯性载荷相关方程。     

海洋平台结构环境激励的实验模态分析

介绍了对位于渤海湾的“埕岛二号”中心生活平台所进行的现场测试实验,该平台为直立式导管架钢结构平台。此次现场实验是在波浪力、风等环境载荷激励下测试结构动力响应的。利用频域的模态识别法峰值法(PP)和时域中的自然激励法(NExT)结合特征系统实现算法(ERA)分别对海洋平台结构现场测试的动力响应数据进行模态参数识别;利用ANSYS建立了该平台结构的三维有限元模型,并进行结构的模态分析。海洋平台结构的理论和实验模态分析结果吻合较好,分析结果表明该类模态参数识别方法能够为结构损伤诊断提供基准模型,可以运用于实际结构的健康监测以及维护维修。     

Prediction of stress concentration factor of corrosion pits on buried pipes by least squares support vector machine

Concentrated working stress of a corrosion pit is known to be an important factor inducing the deterioration and consequently the breakage of a buried pipe. In this paper, we investigate the stress concentration factors (SCFs) of isolated elliptical corrosion pits using 3-D finite element analyses. The elliptical pits are fully characterized by their 3-D geometries, i.e., major and minor diameters and pit depth via a series of parametric studies of finite element pipe models. This is to quantify the effect of geometric variations of the pits on SCF. Realizing the fact that the 3-D finite element analysis is computationally intensive, efficient statistically predictive models have been developed based on least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) realized in a ubiquitous spreadsheet platform. This approach shows very close predictions of SCF to the numerical findings for elliptical corrosion patterns on buried pipes. Particularly, two typical kernel functions have been adopted to cross validate the excellent performance of the LS-SVM method in SCF prediction of corroded pipes.     

Multi-expansion modal reduction: A pragmatic semi–a priori model order reduction approach for nonlinear structural dynamics

A novel model order reduction scheme for nonlinear finite element (NL-FE) structural dynamics models is proposed in this work, which enables an overall accelerated model evaluation. The proposed multi-expansion modal (MEM) reduction employs a set of modal bases evaluated for a number of representative statically deformed configurations, combined with these static deformation patterns, to obtain a reduced order basis (ROB). This ROB is then exploited in an a priori element sampling to obtain a hyper-reduced model based on the energy-conserving sampling and weighting approach. The proposed element sampling scheme uses a nonnegative L₁ optimization of the element weights where an equality between the projected and hyper-reduced linearized stiffness matrix or static deformation forces is added. A procedure and several guidelines on the reduced order model setup and evaluation are presented, with specific attention to how the presented approach allows to exploit existing NL-FE frameworks. The MEM approach is validated numerically on an academic cantilever beam model and is shown to provide good accuracy and consistent convergence properties.     

A nonparametric model of random uncertainties for reduced matrix models in structural dynamics

Random uncertainties in finite element models in linear structural dynamics are usually modeled by using parametric models. This means that: (1) the uncertain local parameters occurring in the global mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the finite element model have to be identified; (2) appropriate probabilistic models of these uncertain parameters have to be constructed; and (3) functions mapping the domains of uncertain parameters into the global mass, damping and stiffness matrices have to be constructed. In the low-frequency range, a reduced matrix model can then be constructed using the generalized coordinates associated with the structural modes corresponding to the lowest eigenfrequencies. In this paper we propose an approach for constructing a random uncertainties model of the generalized mass, damping and stiffness matrices. This nonparametric model does not require identifying the uncertain local parameters and consequently, obviates construction of functions that map the domains of uncertain local parameters into the generalized mass, damping and stiffness matrices. This nonparametric model of random uncertainties is based on direct construction of a probabilistic model of the generalized mass, damping and stiffness matrices, which uses only the available information constituted of the mean value of the generalized mass, damping and stiffness matrices. This paper describes the explicit construction of the theory of such a nonparametric model.