基于TI介质模型的沉积谷地对平面SH波的放大效应EI北大核心CSCD

在TI场地平面外动力刚度矩阵的基础上,推导出斜线均布荷载动力格林函数,进而以该格林函数为基本解建立间接边界元方法求解了沉积谷地对平面SH波的散射问题。文中验证了方法的正确性,并分别将沉积内部和外部介质考虑为TI介质,在频域和时域内进行了计算分析。研究表明:沉积TI参数的改变主要导致了沉积自身动力特性的改变,进而使得沉积表面位移幅值放大谱的峰值频率和谱值均发生明显改变;半空间TI参数的改变则导致了各方向上半空间与沉积阻抗比的改变,因而对放大谱的峰值频率影响较小,其影响主要体现在峰值大小上;另外,通过求解Ricker波输入下沉积附近观测点的位移幅值时程发现,沉积和半空间的TI参数亦对弹性波在含沉积半空间中的传播有着显著影响。     

基于TI介质模型的沉积谷地对平面SH波的放大效应

在TI场地平面外动力刚度矩阵的基础上,推导出斜线均布荷载动力格林函数,进而以该格林函数为基本解建立间接边界元方法求解了沉积谷地对平面SH波的散射问题。文中验证了方法的正确性,并分别将沉积内部和外部介质考虑为TI介质,在频域和时域内进行了计算分析。研究表明:沉积TI参数的改变主要导致了沉积自身动力特性的改变,进而使得沉积表面位移幅值放大谱的峰值频率和谱值均发生明显改变;半空间TI参数的改变则导致了各方向上半空间与沉积阻抗比的改变,因而对放大谱的峰值频率影响较小,其影响主要体现在峰值大小上;另外,通过求解Ricker波输入下沉积附近观测点的位移幅值时程发现,沉积和半空间的TI参数亦对弹性波在含沉积半空间中的传播有着显著影响。     

任意多个凸起地形对平面P波的散射

结合"分区契合"技术,采用间接边界元方法研究了任意多个凸起地形对平面P波的散射问题。求解中将模型分解为开口层状半空间域和多个凸起闭合域,同时将波场分解为自由波场和散射波场。自由波场由直接刚度法求得,而开口域和闭合域内的散射波场则通过在相应的边界上施加虚拟均布荷载,求解动力格林函数来模拟,虚拟荷载密度通过引入边界条件确定。该文通过与已有结果的比较验证了方法的正确性,进而开展数值计算,研究了两侧凸起高度、凸起间距和凸起个数对中间凸起及附近地表位移幅值的影响。数值结果表明:凸起间存在动力相互作用,使得多个凸起情况位移幅值显著大于单一凸起情况,多个凸起与单一凸起对应的位移幅值及放大谱均存在显著差异;两侧凸起的高度和凸起间距的改变,均使得凸起间动力相互作用机制发生了改变,进而改变了放大谱的峰值以及峰值频率。凸起个数对凸起间动力相互作用机制影响较小,不同凸起个数情况对应的放大谱峰值频率非常接近;两侧凸起高度的增大、凸起间距的减小以及凸起个数的增多,会使得凸起间动力相互作用进一步加强,位移幅值较大且空间分布更为复杂。     

任意多个沉积谷地对平面SV波的散射

采用间接边界元法研究了入射平面SV波在层状半空间中多个沉积谷地周围的散射问题。该方法将整体模型分解为各个沉积闭合域和开口的层状半空间域。通过在各沉积闭合边界上施加虚拟均布荷载模拟各闭合域内散射波场,通过在层状半空间开口域所有开口边界上施加虚拟荷载模拟开口域内散射波场,通过引入各沉积与层状半空间的连续条件确定所有施加虚拟荷载的密度。验证了该方法的正确性,并对均匀半空间中不同间距和不同数量的半圆沉积为例进行了数值计算分析,数值结果表明,多个沉积与单一沉积对应的位移幅值及其放大谱均显不同,沉积间的动力相互作用,使得多个沉积情况对应位移幅值显著大于单一沉积情况。沉积间距的改变导致了沉积间动力相互作用机制的改变,进而改变了放大谱的峰值及峰值周期。沉积个数影响主要体现在增强或减弱沉积间的动力相互作用上,而对相互作用机制影响较小,因而不同沉积个数对应的放大谱峰值差异明显而峰值周期较为接近。     

直角域中椭圆形夹杂对SH波的散射与地震动

利用复变函数法和保角映射法研究了SH波入射到含有椭圆形夹杂的直角域中时的散射问题。首先,利用"镜像"叠加原理构造出满足直角域两个直线边界应力自由条件的等效入射及反射波场,通过将椭圆形夹杂的外域映射为单位圆外域构造出满足直角域自由表面应力自由条件的椭圆形夹杂的散射波场。其次,利用椭圆形夹杂边界处的应力和位移连续条件建立求解未知系数的积分方程组,并通过截断有限项求解。最后,给出了在不同参数条件下直角域水平边界处的地表位移幅值。通过算例可以看出:入射波数、入射角度、夹杂位置、介质参数等参数均对地表位移幅值有影响。     

层状TI饱和半空间均布斜线荷载及孔隙水压动力格林函数

基于Biot流体饱和多孔介质模型,采用动力刚度矩阵方法结合傅里叶变换,给出了层状横观各向同性(TI)饱和半空间中均布斜线荷载及孔隙水压的动力格林函数。方法首先将荷载作用层固定,在波数域内求得层内响应和固端反力,进而由刚度矩阵方法求得反加固端反力于整个层状半空间而产生的响应,最后叠加层内解和固端反力解经由傅里叶逆变换求得空间域内解。所给出的层状TI饱和半空间格林函数为建立相应边界元方法进而求解层状TI饱和介质相关波动问题提供了一组完备基本解。通过与已发表的各向同性饱和结果和TI弹性结果进行对比,验证了方法的正确性。进而给出了数值计算结果并进行了参数分析。结果表明:TI饱和介质与各向同性饱和介质对应的动力响应差异显著,且介质的各向异性参数对动力响应有着重要影响。此外,荷载埋深越小,地表位移和孔压波动更剧烈;介质渗透系数起到类似阻尼的作用,减小渗透系数可降低动力响应;随着频率的增大,位移、应力和孔压的波动也更为剧烈。     

直角域非等腰三角形凸起对SH波的散射与地震动

本文采用复变函数及移动坐标方法给出了SH波对直角域非等腰三角形凸起散射问题的解析解答。首先,采用“分区”的思想,将求解模型划分为两个区域,区域I为含有半圆形弧底的非等腰三角形凸起,区域II为含有半圆形凹陷的直角域。求解本文问题的关键在于构造满足非等腰三角形两斜边应力为零的驻波解答和构造满足直角域边界应力为零的散射波解答。其次,根据“公共边界”上应力、位移连续性条件建立无穷代数方程组,并截断有限项求解。最后,给出了地表位移幅值的具体算例。结果表明：入射角度,入射波数以及直角域垂直边界都对地表位移幅值有影响。     

基于IBIEM的SH波斜入射沉积河谷场地地震动特性分析

应用任意地形河谷沉积层散射波源的格林函数公式，基于间接边界积分方程法(indirect boundary integral equation method, IBIEM),分析了SH波斜入射下梯形沉积河谷场地地震动特性和分布规律，研究了地震波斜入射角度、斜坡坡度、介质阻抗比对地震动特性及非一致分布规律的影响机制，深入分析了河谷散射效应对地基截断边界地震动场的影响规律。结果表明：斜入射使得河谷表面峰值位移的放大效应和非一致效应显著增强，最大峰值位移达入射地震动峰值的5倍以上；当河谷底宽较大时，沉积河谷的边缘效应明显；当底宽较小时，沉积河谷的聚焦效应明显，表面最大值出现在河谷中心处；斜坡坡度对楔形体内、外表面附近地表处的地震反应影响强烈，该现象可以由地表折射波干涉区域与斜坡坡度、入射角、波速的确定函数关系得到解释；随着阻抗比的增大，位移幅值放大越来越显著；当斜入射时，刚度越小的软弱沉积层对地震波传播起到的屏障作用越大；无论是空心河谷还是沉积河谷，散射效应对边界处地震动场影响都较为明显，相对于平坦基岩自由场，底边界、右边界误差最大可达30.8%,54.8%,应考虑将散射效应的总场作为输入。     

地震波斜入射下层状TI饱和场地地震反应分析

滨海地区的天然土体在长期的风化和沉积作用下,其水平模量往往会大于其竖向模量,表现出明显的横观各向同性（TI）饱和特性,目前还很少有针对地震波斜入射下TI饱和场地动力响应问题的研究。将HaskellThomson传递矩阵方法拓展到层状TI饱和半空间,求解了直角坐标系下两相介质的Biot动力平衡方程及孔隙流体运动方程,建立了层状TI饱和半空间传递矩阵,并结合地表边界条件求解了地震波斜入射下层状TI饱和场地自由场的时域反应。该文验证了提出方法的正确性,进而以CNTEWGXE波（0.3 g）作为输入地震动,研究了土体TI性质及饱和特性对场地加速度时程及反应谱的影响。结果表明:层状TI饱和场地和各向同性饱和场地地表的动力响应存在一定差异,TI参数的改变使得场地对地震波产生不同的滤波和放大效应;场地的饱和特性对地表的动力响应有重要影响,饱和多孔介质固液耦合作用对地震波具有削弱作用;地震波斜入射时地表加速度时程及反应谱响应小于其垂直入射时的响应,且入射角度对qP1波入射时的场地影响更明显。     

弹性半空间山体裂纹对弹性波的散射

利用间接边界元法(IBEM),求解了弹性半空间山体裂纹对弹性波的二维散射问题。以含裂纹的半圆山体为例,分析了不同频率弹性波入射下裂纹角度、位置、数量等因素对散射的影响规律,计算了山体表面及两侧地表的位移幅值。研究表明:裂纹的存在对山体表面位移有明显的缩放效应,随着频率的增大,裂纹角度的影响逐渐减小,裂纹数量的影响逐渐增大。P波垂直入射下,山腰处的放大效应最明显,与无裂纹山体相比,在3～5这一频段内山腰处水平位移峰值约放大2倍;SV波垂直入射下,山脚处变化最为明显,最大峰值达到1.8,比无裂纹山体增加近27%。     

Scattering of elastic P and SV waves by a rigid elliptic cylindrical inclusion

The 2-dimensional problem of scattering of obliquely incident $\text{P}$ and SV waves by an infinite rigid elliptic cylinder embedded in an infinite, isotropic and homogeneous elastic medium is solved. Approximate formulas are derived for the displacement field, stress tensor, far-field amplitudes and the scattering cross section when the wave lengths are large compared to the distance between the two focii of the elliptic cylinder.     

Scattering by a dense finite layer of infinite cylinders at oblique incidence

This paper presents the scattering solution for a finite dense layer of cylinders irradiated by an arbitrarily polarized plane wave at a general incident direction. The theoretical formulation utilizes the effective field approach and quasi-crystalline approximation to derive the governing equations for the propagation constant and amplitudes of the effective waves. The finite layer thickness gives rise to effective waves propagating in both the forward and backward directions inside the dense medium. Formulas are developed for the far-field coherent and incoherent scattered intensities, as well as the extinction and scattering cross sections of the dense layer. The forward peak of the incoherent scattered intensity is shown to be shifted to the propagating direction of the effective waves. The influence of incident direction, layer thickness, and solid volume fraction on the scattering properties is illustrated by means of a numerical example.     

Scattering by a dense layer of infinite cylinders at normal incidence

The solution for scattering by a layer of densely distributed infinite cylinders is presented. The layer is irradiated by an arbitrarily polarized plane wave that propagates in the plane perpendicular to the axes of the cylinders. The theoretical formulation utilized the effective field and quasi-crystalline approximation to treat the multiple scattering interactions in the dense finite medium. Governing equations for the propagation constants and amplitudes of the effective fields are derived for TM and TE mode incident waves, from which the scattered intensity distribution and scattering cross section for arbitrary polarization are obtained. The dense medium gives rise to coherent and incoherent scattered radiation that propagates in the plane normal to the axes of the cylinders. The coherent scattered radiation includes the forward component in the direction of the incident wave and the backward component in the direction of specular reflection. The incoherent scattered intensity distribution shows a pronounced forward peak that coincides with the angle of refraction of the effective waves inside the medium. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the scattering characteristics of a dense layer of cylinders as a function of layer thickness for a given solid volume fraction.     

Three‐dimensional BEM for scattering of elastic waves in general anisotropic media

Based on the full‐space Green's functions, a three‐dimensional time‐harmonic boundary element method is presented for the scattering of elastic waves in a triclinic full space. The boundary integral equations for incident, scattered and total wave fields are given. An efficient numerical method is proposed to calculate the free terms for any geometry. The discretization of the boundary integral equation is achieved by using a linear triangular element. Applications are discussed for scattering of elastic waves by a spherical cavity in a 3D triclinic medium. The method has been tested by comparing the numerical results with the existing analytical solutions for an isotropic problem. The results show that, in addition to the frequency of the incident waves, the scattered waves strongly depend on the anisotropy of the media. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Scattering of inhomogeneous wave by viscoelastic interface crack

Summary The reflection, refraction and scattering of inhomogeneous plane waves of SH type by an interface crack between two dissimilar viscoelastic bodies are investigated. The singular integral equation method is used to reduce the scattering problem into the Cauchy singular integral equation of first kind by introduction of the crack dislocation density function. Then, the singular integral equation is solved numerically by Kurtz's piecewise continous function method. The crack opening displacement and dynamic stress intensity factor characterizing the scattered near-field are estimated for various incident angles, frequencies and relaxation times. The differences on crack opening displacement and stress intensity factor between elastic and viscoelastic interface crack are contrasted. And the effects of incident angle, incident frequency and relaxation time of the viscoelastic material are analyzed and explained by the features of phase lag and energy dissipation of the viscoelastic wave.     

Rayleigh-Lamb waves in magneto-thermoelastic homogeneous isotropic plate

The propagation of magnetic-thermoelastic plane wave in an initially unstressed, homogeneous isotropic, conducting plate under uniform static magnetic field has been investigated. The generalized theory of thermoelasticity is employed, by assuming electrical behaviour as quasi-static and the mechanical behaviour as dynamic, to study the problem. The secular equations for both symmetric and skew-symmetric waves have been obtained. The magneto-elastic shear horizontal (SH) mode of wave propagation gets decoupled from rest of the motion and it is not influenced by thermal variations and thermal relaxation times. At short wavelength limits, the secular equations for symmetric and skew-symmetric modes reduce to Rayleigh surface wave frequency equation, because a finite thickness plate in such a situation behaves like a semi-infinite medium. Thin plate results are also deduced at the end. Dispersion curves are represented graphically for various modes of wave propagation in different theories of thermoelasticity. The amplitudes of displacement, perturbed magnetic field and temperature change are also obtained analytically and computed numerically. The result in case of elastokinetics, magneto-elasticity and coupled magneto-elasticity has also been deduced as special cases at appropriate stages of this work.     

Scattering of SH waves by an arbitrarily orientated closed crack

The 2D problem of a time-harmonic plane shear horizontal (SH) wave scattered by a finite closed crack in an isotropic material is presented in the paper. The crack is arbitrarily orientated with regard to the incident wave. A spring model based on the assumption that the traction components on the crack surfaces are linearly related to the crack opening displacement (COD) is used to model the closed crack. The problem is formulated in a set of boundary integral equations which contains the CODs as unknowns. Numerical examples are presented for the CODs, elastodynamic stress intensity factors, and the scattered displacement field for various parameters, such as spring stiffness, crack sizes and crack orientations. The results show that both the crack closure and orientation have significant effects on the scattered displacement field for the closed crack.     

饱和土体中多排桩屏障对压缩快波的隔离

假定桩的长度远大于直径, 将多排弹性桩组成的非连续屏障对平面压缩快波(简称P₁波)的隔离简化为弹性波多重散射的二维平面问题, 运用复变函数的保角映射方法和波场势函数展开法, 根据桩-土界面处应力和位移连续的边界条件, 得到散射波场势函数展开式中待定复系数的理论解。通过分析屏障后的位移比值(某点由入射和散射弹性波产生的总位移与入射弹性波单独产生的位移之比)的变化规律, 对比了单排、双排和三排桩屏障的隔离效果, 研究结果表明:1) 多排桩屏障对高频入射P₁波的隔离效果好于低频入射P₁波;2) 随着桩排数的增多, 多排桩屏障的隔离效果明显提高, 有效隔离区域明显增大;3) 当桩排数达到三排时, 屏障后一定范围内的隔离效果提高到了70%, 隔离效果比较理想。