共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 180 毫秒
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极少量的砷化物可使加氢催化剂发生永久性中毒,为了保护加氢催化剂长期稳定运行,必须对催化裂化汽油中的砷化物进行脱除。对研制的TAs-15型FCC汽油脱砷剂进行原料适应性、1 600 h以上稳定性试验以及工艺条件对脱砷剂性能影响评价。结果表明,TAs-15脱砷剂具有较好的原料适应性及较高的脱砷性能,在反应温度(10~50) ℃、反应压力(0.5~2.0) MPa和空速(0.5~3.0) h-1条件下,出口汽油中砷含量≤10×10-9,完全可用于催化裂化汽油中砷化物的脱除。 相似文献
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为保证流化催化裂化(FCC)汽油烷基化硫转移反应催化剂的稳定性,采用蒸馏水或盐酸作为萃取剂、D101树脂或NKC-9大孔干氢树脂作为吸附剂,考察了FCC汽油原料中碱性氮去除的预处理过程,并比较了预处理过程对FCC汽油硫形态及其含量的影响、烷基化硫转移效果的影响。结果表明,盐酸萃取、NKC-9树脂吸附,能够快速有效的除去FCC汽油中的碱性氮化物,而且NKC-9树脂能够吸附微量的硫化物。脱除碱性氮化物后的FCC汽油进行烷基化反应,几个主要的噻吩硫化物的硫转移率都能达到90%以上。 相似文献
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以石蜡基的苏丹达尔原油和环烷基的绥中36-1原油为原料,在固定流化床装置上进行了催化裂化实验,考察了反应温度、剂油比和重时空速对重油转化率和汽柴油产率的影响。结果表明,虽然基属不同,两种高酸原油催化裂化脱酸率都在99%以上,但是重油转化率和产物分布有明显区别。达尔原油裂化性能好,转化率高,但柴油产率较低,焦炭产率太高;绥中原油裂化性能差,重油转化率只有72.78%,但柴油收率较高。反应条件对两种高酸原油催化裂化的影响差别较大,反应温度和剂油比的改变对石蜡基的达尔原油影响较大,而重时空速对环烷基的绥中原油影响较大。 相似文献
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采用固定流化床催化裂化试验装置,以中国石油兰州石化公司3.0 Mt·a-1重油催化裂化装置所用原料油为原料,考察反应温度和剂油质量比对重油催化裂解制低碳烯烃性能的影响,在确定的适宜操作条件下研究中国石油兰州石化公司重催装置原料在不同催化剂上的催化裂解制低碳烯烃的反应性能。结果表明,较适宜的操作条件为:反应温度590℃,剂油质量比为7,与降烯烃催化剂和重油裂解催化剂相比,多产丙烯催化剂的低碳烯烃产率可达25.53%,更适合作为重油催化裂解制低碳烯烃时使用。 相似文献
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For C4 hydrocarbons from heavy oil catalytic pyrolysis, the cracking behaviours on catalyst CEP‐1 and quartz sand were investigated in a confined fluidized bed reactor. C4 hydrocarbons show a good cracking ability on CEP‐1, and butene is easier to convert than butane. Only at high reaction temperatures can butane present a good cracking ability. On catalyst CEP‐1, C4 hydrocarbons can undergo not only cracking reactions, but also such reactions as hydrogen transfer, polymerization and aromatization. The conversion of C4 hydrocarbons thermal pyrolysis is high, indicating that free radical reactions play an important part in the secondary cracking of C4 hydrocarbons. The product yields of C4 hydrocarbons pyrolysis on quartz sand are usually lower than those on catalyst CEP‐1. For both catalytic pyrolysis and thermal pyrolysis of C4 hydrocarbons, the selectivity of propene is higher than that of ethene. 相似文献
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注蒸汽条件下供氢催化改质稠油及其沥青质热分解性质 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用CWYF-Ⅰ型高压反应釜模拟热采条件下,以甲酸作为供氢体.以自制的油溶性有机镍盐为催化剂进行的稠油水热裂解反应.考察了供氢体的加入对催化水热裂解反应前后稠油黏度、族组成及硫含量的影响,并采用TG-DTA分析法对供氢催化改质反应前后稠油中沥青质的热转化行为进行了分析.结果表明,随着加入供氢体质量分数增加,供氢催化水热裂解后稠油降黏率增大,饱和烃、芳香烃含量增加,胶质,沥青质含量降低,同时硫含量下降.供氢催化水热裂解反应后的稠油中沥青质TG-DTA曲线分析表明,供氢催化水热裂解反应后稠油中沥青质失重量高于催化水热裂解反应前稠油中含有的沥青质的失重量.经过供氢催化水热裂解反应,稠油中沥青质的稳定性下降. 相似文献
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Catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons takes place via elementary reactions such as initiation processes to form carbenium ions,
olefin adsorption/desorption steps, isomerization, β-scission, oligomerization, and hydride ion transfer steps. These elementary
steps involving reactive carbenium ion surface intermediates are the essential components of catalytic cracking that lead
to various catalytic cycles and their corresponding stoichiometric reactions. This review outlines methods used to quantify
reaction kinetics for catalytic cracking and describes how the rates of specific catalytic cycles are controlled by catalyst
treatment (e.g., steaming) and process conditions (e.g., conversion and temperature).
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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催化剂对稠油水热裂解反应研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以富含镍的矿石为原料,制备了五种催化剂,确定了最佳催化剂。在此基础上研究了催化剂对稠油水热裂解反应的催化作用。考察了在注蒸汽条件下反应温度和催化剂添加量对稠油的粘度和平均分子质量的影响。实验结果表明,在注入蒸汽的条件下,辽河稠油可以发生水热裂解反应,高温下催化剂对水热裂解反应具有催化作用。探讨了催化剂对稠油水热裂解反应的催化机理。 相似文献
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催化裂化反应动力学参数识别与优化 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
以十二集总动力学模型为基础,讨论了催化裂化反应的参数识别思想,应用参数识别方法,对轻烷烃和轻燃料油催化裂化反应网络中的反应速率常数和时变失活函数进行了计算,并对模型计算值与实验值作了比较,二者吻合较为满意,在此基础上,研究了基于集总模型的优于问题用所建立的优化方法,得出了优化参数,提高了催化裂化装置的效率。 相似文献
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以不同减压馏分油(VGO)/减压渣油(VR)混合比例的重油为研究对象,采用基团贡献模型(UNIFAC)预测了常规催化裂化工艺(FCC)与分区催化裂化工艺(ZCC)中原料的汽化率。在所考察的催化裂化油剂混合条件下,原料的汽化率均大于70%(质量分数)。高油剂混合温度使饱和蒸气压升高,而大雾化水蒸气量有利于降低油气分压使泡露点温度降低,均使原料汽化率升高。VR掺炼比例对原料汽化率影响很大,当掺炼比例从30%(质量分数)提高至50%(质量分数)时,原料汽化率降低5.44%~7.53%(质量分数)。当VR掺炼比例较低(<50%)时,常规FCC工艺比ZCC工艺的原料汽化率高,当VR掺炼比例达到50%时,ZCC工艺的分开进料方式更有利于原料的汽化。这取决于VGO对VR的分散作用和VGO与VR的竞争汽化造成的影响。 相似文献
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The catalytic cracking of bio-oil is important to produce aromatic hydrocarbons, which can partially replace gasoline or diesel to greatly reduce carbon emissions from transportation. To further promote the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons, this work studied the effects of the preparation method and the acid strength of Ga2O3/HZSM-5 on catalytic cracking of the bio-oil distilled fraction systematically. The preparation method of Ga2O3/HZSM-5 had an important effect on its catalytic activity: the Ga2O3/HZSM-5 prepared by physical mixing showed the low dispersion of active phases and poor pore structure, resulting in its insufficient activity and severe coke deposition; the Ga2O3/HZSM-5 prepared by precipitation exhibited the higher activity, while many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons unfavorable for the subsequent utilization were in the oil phase; the Ga2O3/HZSM-5 prepared by impregnation showed the highest activity and 35.5% (mass) selectivity of the oil phase, including 80.3% monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 12.0% polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The Brønsted acidity of Ga2O3/HZSM-5 decreased with Si/Al ratio, leading to the decline in reactant conversion, oil phase selectivity and quality. Meanwhile, the polymerization between monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenates was promoted to produce many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and even coke, causing catalyst deactivation. 相似文献