λ/64‐spaced compact ESPAR antenna via analog RF switches for a single RF chain MIMO system

In this study, an electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna via analog radio frequency (RF) switches for a single RF chain MIMO system is presented. The proposed antenna elements are spaced at λ/64, and the antenna size is miniaturized via a dielectric radome. The optimum reactance load value is calculated via the beamforming load search algorithm. A switch simplifies the design and implementation of the reactance loads and does not require additional complex antenna matching circuits. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed ESPAR antenna is 1,500 MHz (1.75 GHz–3.25 GHz). The proposed antenna exhibits a beam pattern that is reconfigurable at 2.48 GHz due to changes in the reactance value, and the measured peak antenna gain is 4.8 dBi. The reception performance is measured by using a 4  4 BPSK signal. The measured average SNR is 17 dB when using the proposed ESPAR antenna as a transmitter, and the average SNR is 16.7 dB when using a four‐conventional monopole antenna.     

Reconfigurable Beam‐Steering Antenna Using Dipole and Loop Combined Structure for Wearable Applications

This paper proposes a reconfigurable beam‐steering antenna using a bended dipole and a loop. The radiation patterns of the two antennas are cancelled or compensated, and headed towards a specific direction when the dipole and loop antenna are combined at a reasonable ratio. The proposed antenna can steer the beam directions by controlling the operation of two artificial switches. The proposed antenna was manufactured on a PCB (FR‐4) and a flexible PCB (polyimide). In the case of the antenna that was fabricated on a PCB, the maximum beam directions were +50°, 0°, and –50° in the azimuth direction using the two artificial switches, and the antenna gain was 1.96 dBi to 2.48 dBi in the operation bandwidth of 2.47 GHz to 2.53 GHz. Also, the antenna was fabricated on a flexible PCB and measured under various bending conditions for wearable applications.     

Design of Dual‐Band MIMO Antenna with High Isolation for WLAN Mobile Terminal

In this paper, we propose a dual‐band multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation for WLAN applications (2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz). The proposed antenna is composed of a mobile communication terminal board, eight radiators, a coaxial feed line, and slots for isolation. The measured ?10 dB impedance bandwidths are 10.1% (2.35 GHz to 2.6 GHz) and 3.85% (5.1 GHz to 5.3 GHz) at each frequency band. The proposed four‐element MIMO antenna has an isolation of better than 35 dB at 2.45 GHz and 45 dB at 5.2 GHz between each element. The antenna gain is 3.2 dBi at 2.45 GHz and 4.2 dBi at 5.2 GHz.     

宽带数字接收机射频前端电路设计

宽带数字接收机在无线电频谱管理领域内具有重要的应用,其中射频前端电路指标对整机设备性能的影响显著。文中介绍了一种射频前端电路通用的设计方案,重点分析了各射频器件性能指标对接收机链路的影响,以及对无线电监测与测向结果的影响。最终提出了改进电路拓扑结构设计的措施与办法,并给出了基于该设计思路的具体工程应用实例,取得了良好的应用效果。     

用LMS算法消除开关噪声对射频接收机的影响

针对DC-DC开关电源在为射频接收机供电时,引入过大的电源纹波噪声干扰问题,提出用LMS算法从基带消除纹波噪声干扰的解决方案。从纹波噪声建模出发,根据ZigBee标准利用Simulink仿真工具,搭建了带电源纹波噪声干扰的射频接收机仿真模型,并利用两级LMS算法调整的自适应滤波器,从基带消除纹波噪声干扰。仿真结果显示,在100 mV以下的纹波电压情况下,带LMS算法噪声消除的射频接收机系统仍能正常工作;超过100 mV后,算法能减小纹波噪声对射频接收机的干扰。     

一种基于波束切换方法的智能天线系统研究

智能天线技术(sman antenna)是近年来较为热门的技术之一,这一技术的出现为缓解日渐紧张的频率资源,提供更高质量的通信带来了希望.智能天线上行收主要有两种方式:全自适应方式和基于多波束的波束切换方式,文中从工程实现研究的角度出发,对基于波束切换方法的智能天线系统进行研究,重点在于介绍仿真的方法和仿真的指标,最后给出了结论.     

Performance Analysis of a Two‐Hop Fixed‐Gain MIMO Multiuser Relay Network with End‐to‐End Antenna Selection

This letter analyzes the performance of a two‐hop MIMO multiuser relay network with a fixed gain amplify‐and‐forward protocol and antenna selection at the transmitter and receiver. A new expression for the cumulative distribution function of the highest instantaneous end‐to‐end signal‐to‐noise ratio is derived. Based on the above result, closed‐form expressions for outage probability and bit error rate are presented. Also, the diversity order of the system is determined. Finally, computer simulations are compared to the analytical results, and insights and observations are provided.     

MIMO分布式天线系统中的延时失衡性能分析

在MIMO室内分布式天线系统中,由于馈线以及极化天线本身的差异会引入延时不平衡因素。针对MIMO系统,从理论上分析分布式天线系统中延时失衡对MIMO系统带来的影响。通过仿真,定量分析了MIMO上下行链路中,延时失衡对基带性能的不利影响。结果表明,上行链路性能对延时差异不敏感;对下行链路,在时延差异达到0.5 CP时,系统性能会有约2 dB损失;当延时差异达到0.75 CP时,性能下降达到8 dB。     

Adaptive antennas for MIMO OFDM‐CDMA communication systems

In this paper, we propose symbol‐based receivers for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) code‐division multiple‐access (CDMA) multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) communications in multipath fading channels. For multiuser and multipath fading environments, both intersymbol interference and multiple‐access interference must be considered. We propose narrowband and wideband antennas and Wiener code filter for MIMO OFDM‐CDMA systems. The proposed receivers are updated symbol‐by‐symbol to achieve low computational complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed Wiener code filter can improve the system performance for the proposed adaptive antennas. The wideband antenna can achieve better error‐rate performance than that of the narrowband antenna when multipath effect exists. The convergence rate of the recursive least squares antennas is faster than that of the least mean square antennas. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种小型多频微带天线的分析与设计

针对普通微带天线在低频端辐射板尺寸较大的缺点,设计了一种新型的小型微带天线结构.通过在普通微带天线辐射板周围加载寄生贴片,并在寄生贴片上进行馈电的方法,有效延长了辐射板上的电流路径,从而减小了天线的谐振频率,达到了天线小型化设计的目的,同时,加载的寄生贴片也产生了新的电流路径,获得了天线的多频工作特性.仿真结果表明,当...     

Efficient LDPC‐Based,Threaded Layered Space‐Time‐Frequency System with Iterative Receiver

We present a low‐density parity‐check (LDPC)‐based, threaded layered space‐time‐frequency system with emphasis on the iterative receiver design. First, the unbiased minimum mean‐squared‐error iterative‐tree‐search (U‐MMSE‐ITS) detector, which is known to be one of the most efficient multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) detectors available, is improved by augmentation of the partial‐length paths and by the addition of one‐bit complement sequences. Compared with the U‐MMSE‐ITS detector, the improved detector provides better detection performance with lower complexity. Furthermore, the improved detector is robust to arbitrary MIMO channels and to any antenna configurations. Second, based on the structure of the iterative receiver, we present a low‐complexity belief‐propagation (BP) decoding algorithm for LDPC‐codes. This BP decoder not only has low computing complexity but also converges very fast (5 iterations is sufficient). With the efficient receiver employing the improved detector and the low‐complexity BP decoder, the proposed system is a promising solution to high‐data‐rate transmission over selective‐fading channels.     

Small Internal Antenna Using Multiband,Wideband, and High‐Isolation MIMO Techniques

In this paper, a small internal antenna for a mobile handset is presented using multiband, wideband, and high‐isolation multiple‐input multiple‐output techniques. The proposed antenna consists of three planar inverted‐F antennas (PIFAs) that operate in the global system for mobile communication (GSM900), the digital communication system (DCS), the personal communication system (PCS), the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), and wireless local area network (WLAN) bands with a physical size of 40 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm. A resonator attached to the folded PIFA creates dual resonances, achieving a wide bandwidth of approximately 460 MHz, covering the DCS, PCS, and UMTS bands; a meander shorting line is used to improve impedance matching. Additionally, a modified neutralization link is embedded between diversity antennas to enhance isolation, which results in a 6‐dB improvement in the isolation and less than 0.1 in the envelope correlation coefficient evaluated from the far‐field radiation patterns. Simulation and measurements demonstrate very similar results for S‐parameters and radiation patterns. Peak gains show 3.73 dBi, 3.77 dBi, 3.28 dBi, 2.15 dBi, and 5.86 dBi, and antenna efficiencies show 56.15%, 72.15%, 68.59%, 52.92%, and 82.93% for GSM900, DCS, PCS, UMTS, and WLAN bands, respectively.     

Package‐Platformed Linear/Circular Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna Using an Integrated Silicon RF MEMS Switch

This letter presents a K‐band polarization reconfigurable antenna integrated with a silicon radio frequency MEMS switch into the form of a compact package. The proposed antenna can change its state from linear polarization (LP) to circular polarization (CP) by actuating the MEMS switch, which controls the configuration of the coupling ring slot. Low‐loss quartz is used for a radiating patch substrate and at the same time for a packaging lid by stacking it onto the MEMS substrate, which can increase the system integrity. The fabricated antenna shows broadband impedance matching and exhibits high axial ratios better than 15 dB in the LP and small axial ratios in the CP, with a minimum value of 0.002 dB at 20.8 GHz in the K‐band.     

Controllable Band‐Notched Slot Antenna for UWB Communication Systems

We propose a slot antenna consisting of a rectangular slot on the ground plane, fed by a microstrip line with a rectangular‐ring‐shaped tuning stub that can be deployed in ultra‐wideband (UWB) communication systems to avoid interference with wireless local area network (WLAN) communication. Our antenna can achieve a single band‐notched property from the 5 GHz frequency to the 6 GHz frequency owing to a controllable band notch that uses L‐ and J‐shaped parasitic elements. The antenna characteristics can be modified to tune the band‐notched property (4 GHz to 5 GHz or 6 GHz to 7 GHz) and the bandwidth of the band notch (1 GHz to 2 GHz). Furthermore, the shifted notch with enhanced width of the band notch from 1 GHz to 1.5 GHz is described in this paper. The UWB slot antenna and L‐ and J‐shaped parasitic elements also provide the band‐rejection function for reference in the WiMAX (3.5 GHz) and WLAN (5 GHz to 6 GHz) regions of the spectrum. Experiment results evidence the return loss performance, radiation patterns, and antenna gains at different operational frequencies.     

基于天线选择的低秩信道MIMO系统容量研究

最近的研究表明,在衰落信道多天线MIMO系统的容量随发射天线数线性增加.而对于低散射环境,即使信号经历独立的衰落,信道秩的降低也会严重影响系统容量的增加.对于这种低秩环境,选择天线发射或接收可以有效地降低系统的成本.本文研究了天线选择对低秩信道MIMO系统容量的影响.仿真结果表明,对不同的信道条件,适当选择天线发射不仅可以增加信道容量,而且可以降低系统的复杂度和射频成本.适当选择天线接收,在不严重降低系统容量的前提下,也达到了降低系统成本的目的.     

RF2903的原理及在扩频通信中的应用

RF2903是RF公司生产的高性能、高集成度超低价专用扩频接收芯片，它具有工作频段宽、工作电压低、配置灵活、适用范围广等特点，非常适合应用在DS-SS和FH-SS无线通信产品的设计领域。文中介绍了RF2903的主要特点和引脚功能，并对其在直接序列扩频中的正交解调以及在跳频通信系统中的FSK解调应用进行了分析，同时给出了相应的应用电路。     

A switch‐controlled multimode narrowband receiver RF front‐end

This work illustrates a flexible and convenient method to build a multimode narrowband receiver RF front‐end by means of controlled switches, switched capacitors, and switched inductors. The front‐end comprises a dual‐gain‐mode narrowband low‐noise amplifier (LNA) and a dual‐linearity‐mode mixer. A four‐mode receiver RF front‐end constructed with the dual‐gain‐mode LNA and the dual‐linearity‐mode mixer operating in frequency band range from 1800 to 2050 MHz was demonstrated with an IBM 90‐nm CMOS process. The front‐end achieves a 1/1.6 dB noise figure, 30/20 dB power gain, and 16/?10 dBm third‐order input intercept point while draws a 5.9/3.6 mA current from a 1.8‐V supply voltage at the low noise mode and high linearity mode, respectively. The proposed technique can be employed to build an intelligent mobile system.     

集成滤波器的5G大规模天线的S参数测试方法

集成滤波器的5G大规模天线由于每个通道包含了一组滤波器,使得5G大规模天线的通道之间的幅度和相位一致性指标变得很差,进一步地,使得获取除滤波器以外的纯通道之间的幅度和相位的一致性指标变得非常困难。对集成滤波器的5G大规模天线的测试方法进行了原理分析和实际测试,找到了一种具有便捷的实际应用的测试方案,通过两次测试间接获取了通道间幅度相位一致性,消除了滤波器引起的幅度相位差异。     

Dual‐polarized MIMO antenna system for WiFi and LTE wireless access point applications

In this paper, a dual‐polarized multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system suitable for indoor wireless access point is proposed. The presented MIMO antenna system consists of two coplanar‐waveguide‐fed monopole antennas with orthogonally polarized modes. According to the closely spaced structure of the MIMO antenna system, the mutual coupling between the ports is a big challenge. Therefore, a new structure of parasitic element is introduced in order to improve the mutual coupling between the ports. For the purpose of validating the simulated results, the antenna prototype has been fabricated and measured; the comparison of the results shows that there is an acceptable agreement between the measurement and simulation results. The proposed design covers the frequency bands of WiFi (2.4 GHz), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (2.3 and 2.5 GHz), and Long‐Term Evolution (LTE; 1.5 and 2.6 GHz) applications with a reflection coefficient less than −10 dB and a mutual coupling coefficient better than −15 dB. The MIMO antenna system provides an envelope correlation coefficient less than 0.15, polarization diversity gain more than 9.985 dB, and quasi‐omnidirectional pattern within the expected frequency band. In addition, LTE downlink throughput measurements show that the proposed antenna system delivers data rates close to the theoretical maximum for quadrature phase shift keying, 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and 64‐QAM modulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Achievable sum‐rate analysis of correlated two‐antenna MIMO uplink channels

This paper analyzes the achievable sum‐rate of correlated two‐antenna multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) uplink channels. Most of previous works have considered the case when a single user has multiple transmit antennas (i.e. multi‐antenna single‐user scenario). This paper considers the case when two‐antenna MIMO uplink channels comprise two users with a single transmit antenna (i.e. single‐antenna two‐user scenario). The analytic and simulation results show that the achievable sum‐rate of correlated single‐antenna two‐user MIMO uplink channels highly depends on the angle difference between the receive correlation coefficients of two users. It is also shown that the achievable sum‐rate of correlated single‐antenna two‐user MIMO uplink channels is larger than that of correlated two‐antenna single‐user MIMO uplink channels and can even be larger than that of independent and identically distributed Rayleigh two‐antenna MIMO uplink channels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.