一种基于邻居合作监测的移动Ad hoc网络信任模型

针对自私节点的恶意丢包行为,将节点和其邻居节点所监测的结果结合起来,计算出节点间的信任度,并以此作为路由选择的依据来促进节点间的相互合作,提出一种基于邻居合作监测的移动Adhoc网络信任模型.将信任模型应用于DSR路由协议并在NS2中进行仿真实验,结果表明该信任模型可以有效地缓解自私节点造成的影响,提高了网络的分组投递率.     

基于重复博弈的ad hoc网络节点惩罚机制研究

在无线ad hoc网络中,节点在数据转发过程中可能出现的自私行为将影响网络的可靠性。为了促进节点合作,本文在特定的网络模型中实现了两种已有的惩罚机制。本文的创新点是从节点收益的角度观察机制下的网络的稳定性,分析贴现因子对网络总收益的影响和各种参数对网络收敛的影响,并对此设计了4组仿真实验（上述几点在原文献中并未着重讨论）。仿真结果证明,上述机制能够降低自私节点的收益,有效地促进了节点的合作转发,维护了网络的稳定。     

一种基于能量效率的自组织网络节点合作方法

针对移动自组织网络中的节点自私性问题,以无线网络环境中的拓扑控制和数据包转发作为网络节点的策略空间,并结合网络节点的能量效率水平,建立了一个基于严格位势博弈的网络节点合作模型。仿真结果表明,该模型不但满足了自组织网络环境下的网络连通性需求,并且通过节点间的合作机制降低了网络能耗,提高了网络节点的能量效率水平,以及数据传输的可靠性和效率。     

基于信誉值维护的机会网络自私节点检测机制

机会网络中自私节点的存在严重影响路由转发的性能。为在路由时避开此类节点、消除其对网络性能的影响,提出了一种基于信誉值维护的自私节点检测机制,通过两跳ACK消息来监测节点行为,利用监测信息计算节点的信誉值,并将其作为判断节点是否自私的依据。在多种路由算法上加载该检测机制进行仿真实验,结果表明该检测机制可准确识别机会网络中的自私节点,提高消息投递的成功率,并能有效控制消息副本数和网络开销。     

基于信誉的延迟容忍网络激励方案

由于长延迟、频繁中断等特性,延迟容忍网络采用“存储-携带-转发”的路由方式实现报文的传递.这种传输方式建立在网络节点互相信任,诚实合作的假设之上.然而,由于受到自身资源的限制,网络中存在自私节点拒绝参与网络合作的行为,导致网络传输性能下降,甚至无法正常运行.针对此类问题,本文提出一种基于信誉的延迟容忍网络激励方案,鼓励节点共享资源,并约束自私行为.设计了一种观测协议,以解决延迟容忍网络环境下对网络节点行为的观测问题;提出了一种信誉模型,通过信任值评价节点的可信程度,从而优化路由决策,惩罚自私节点.仿真结果表明了本文提出的激励方案的有效性和可行性.     

自私感知的数据驱动覆盖网络

为了解决数据驱动覆盖网络（DONet）中节点自私性问题,提出了一种自私感知的DONet,简称SA-DONet机制。SA-DONet赋于每个节点一个利他值,记录着该节点对其他节点的转发贡献;基于节点利他值设计的数据段请求和发送算法,保证利他值高的节点被优先服务。SA-DONet具有以下特点：首先,使用分布式方法来检测自私节点并动态的调整数据段请求和发送策略;其次,自私的评价（利他值）基于节点的历史数据,无需发送额外的探测和测量包;最后,SA-DONet保持着和DONet相当的计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,和DONet相比,即使存在一定比例的自私节点,SA-DONet机制也能提高应用层组播的总体性能,并且具有较低的控制负荷。     

非结构化P2P网络引导型进化博弈算法

为促进动态开放性对等网络中节点间的合作,在SLACER(selfish link-based adaptation for cooperation excluding rewiring,基于自私连接排除重构的自适应合作)算法的基础上引入标兵节点,提出了引导型进化博弈算法G-SLACER(guided-SLACER).通过初始化,网络节点总数的30％为标兵节点;拓扑重构过程中,新增一条到最具优势节点的引导型连接;为鼓励节点相互学习,加大网络整体收益.实验结果表明,G-SLACER算法针对不同规模的网络均具有良好的通用性,网络中CCP(cooperative connected path,合作连接路径)的稳定性增强.与其他进化博弈算法相比,G-SLACER算法形成的P2P网络的合作状态出现得更早、更平稳.     

基于博弈的协作路由算法

协作虚拟多输入多输出（VMIMO）传输是一种有效的无线传输性能优化技术。将物理层协作VMIMO技术和网络层路由选择技术相结合,设计跨层VMIMO路由选择方案可以利用VMIMO的分集增益,显著地降低网络传输能耗。如何设计VMIMO协作路由协议抵抗无线网络的自私节点和欺骗行为,保证高数据转发率和低传输能耗成为路由设计中的重大挑战。为了提高自私网络的VMIMO路由性能,提出了一种基于重复路由博弈的VMIMO协作路由算法。该算法将网络划分成多个Group、Group间使用VMIMO传输数据。将Group间路由选择过程建模为重复路由博弈过程。为了提高数据转发的成功率,提出适用度函数评估节点参与数据分组转发的信誉。以此为基础,提出基于适用度的路由选择子算法和路由转发子算法。理论证明所提重复路由博弈可达到帕累托最优。仿真实验结果表明本算法可以促进自私节点相互合作,可获得较高的数据转发率,较好地减少数据传输时延以及能量消耗。     

感知无线电自私网络低开销诚实能效路由

在感知无线电自私ad hoc网络环境下提出一种低代销的诚实能效路由(Lowest Cost Path,LCP),将路由的开销结合对主用户的干扰和节点剩余能量,利用格罗夫斯-克拉克-威科瑞(Vickrey-Clark-Groves,VCG)定价机制给LCP上每个中继节点以一定报酬促使节点之间的合作,并证明VCG机制下节点真实的反映自身的类型是一个占优策略。仿真结果表明,该路由算法有效实现了感知无线电自私ad hoc网络的诚实能效路由,与现有最短路径路由协议比较,该协议具有更好的性能。     

容迟网络中基于社会网络的可靠路由

针对容迟网络中存在较多自私节点的问题,提出了一种基于社会网络的可靠路由方法,以确保消息有效可靠地传递到目的节点.利用社会网络中节点间的关系评估方法,计算出团队间的关系强度矩阵.消息源节点的团队依据关系强度矩阵选择适合的成员节点作为中继节点向目的节点传递消息,避免了网络中自私节点抛弃所转交消息的可能.同时,结合容迟网络间断性连通的特点,在消息转交过程中采用基于身份的密码体制方法,保证了消息转交的安全性.实验表明,所提出的方法在自私节点较多的容迟网络里能保证消息高效、安全地传递到目的节点.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks