Full-wave analysis of nonplanar transmission lines on layeredmedium by means of MPIE and complex image theory

In this paper, a multiconductor transmission line consisting of arbitrary cross-sectional perfect conductors printed on a layered isotropic or uniaxial anisotropic dielectric medium is analyzed by solving the mixed-potential integral equation for the free-surface currents. Closed-form expressions of the two-dimensional space-domain Green's functions for the electrodynamic potentials are used. These expressions are obtained by applying the complex image technique to the spectral functions remaining after removing the asymptotic and pole contributions from the original Green's functions. A single set of complex images is obtained for any guess value of the unknown propagation constant and for any pair of source/field points. In addition, the reaction integrals involved in the application of the method of moments are worked out in a quasi-analytical way. The final result is an accurate and highly efficient computation code for analyzing multiconductor structures printed on a layered medium     

Finite element method applied to modeling crosstalk problems onprinted circuit boards

In modeling crosstalk on printed circuit boards, the distributed parameter transmission line model is applied to include the effects of electromagnetic coupling between tracks. Starting with a finite element approach, a computer model for predicting crosstalk voltages and currents in a general n+1 multiconductor configuration is outlined. After the currents on each track are calculated by using the finite element method and modal analysis, a simple radiation model is used to calculate the radiated field produced by the printed circuit boards for a frequency range of 30-1000 MHz. The algorithm presented was implemented in a series of Fortran programs, and the results obtained using this procedure compare very well with available theoretical and experimental data     

Multiconductor transmission-line characterization: Representations,approximations, and accuracy

This paper investigates a measurement method that characterizes lossy printed multiconductor transmission lines, its accuracy, the choice of measurement representations, and some simple approximations. We illustrate the method with measurements of a pair of lossy coupled asymmetric microstrip lines     

An efficient method for computing the capacitance matrix ofmulticonductor interconnects in very high-speed integrated circuitsystems

A new method for computing the capacitance matrix of multiconductor interconnects with finite metallization thickness is developed. Converting the vertical wall of the rectangular conductors into the equivalent horizontal strips allows the Green's function in the spectral domain and the FFT algorithm to be used, which makes the method more effective for computing capacitance matrix of the interconnects     

Eye pattern evaluation in high-speed digital systems analysis byusing MTL modeling

A method for simulating the eye pattern of high-speed digital signals propagated on printed circuit boards using multiconductor transmission-line modeling is proposed in this paper. The approach takes into account the frequency-dependent properties of the dielectric materials of the board and of the conductors. The validation is performed by comparing the modeling with measurements taken from the literature, and directly performed on test boards specially design for this study     

On the modeling of conductor and substrate losses inmulticonductor, multidielectric transmission line systems

Most models used for the analysis of lossy, multiconductor, multidielectric transmission line systems (MCMDTLSs) are noncausal and fail to accurately predict the signal distortion on practical printed circuits. The authors review the method of analysis and assumptions made in these models and present more accurate models. The authors solve for the time-domain response of a single, lossy, perfectly matched conductor above a ground plane and immersed in a perfect dielectric, assuming transverse electromagnetic (TEM) propagation. The authors also solve for the same line, except that the line is assumed to be perfect while the dielectric is lossy. The TEM mode propagates in such lines and no errors result from this assumption. A brief generalization to MCMDTLSs is described to illustrate the theory, and numerical examples are presented     

A Spectral Approach to Frequency-Domain Sensitivity Analysis of Multiconductor Transmission Lines

Frequency-domain sensitivity analysis of multiconductor transmission lines is derived from the spectral form of the Green's function of the 1-D wave propagation problem. It enables efficient sensitivity analysis of interconnects with respect to both electrical and physical transmission line parameters, completely avoiding decoupling or similarity transformation.      

多层介质多导体系统的时域分析

本文给出了谱域法和频域波形迭代法相结合的分析多层介质多导体系统的时域响应算法，考虑了多导体系统中的色散、互耦效应。文章给出的计算结果验证了该方法的可靠性和适用范围。     

Interperiod capacitance calculations for three-dimensionalmulticonductor systems

An approach is proposed to facilitate the capacitance calculations for periodic three-dimensional multiconductor systems. Based on the Fourier transform technique, the approach requires only the conductors inside one period and solves the charge distribution in the spectral domain by the integral equation method. The resultant spectral capacitances are then inverse transformed to give the capacitances between any two conductors, which may even be inside different periods. The approach is applied to the capacitance analysis for connector pins in a packaging board design     

Useful Matrix Chain Parameter Identities for the Analysis of Multiconductor Transmission Lines (Short Papers)

By utilizing state variable theory, certain useful matrix identities involving submatrices of the chain parameter matrix for a multiconductor transmission line are shown. These identities are extensions of familiar properties associated with two-conductor lines to multiconductor lines and are used to formulate the complete solution for the terminal currents when the line is terminated by linear networks. The identities allow a simplified solution for these currents and reduce numerous redundant time-consuming matrix multiplications. In addition, the correspondence between familiar terms for the two-conductor case and the multiconductor case is shown.     

Dyadic Green's function of multilayer cylindrical closed and sector-structures for waveguide, microstrip-antenna, and network analysis

A clear and systematic method to derive the spectral- and space-domain dyadic Green's function of arbitrary cylindrical multilayer and multiconductor structures is proposed. The derivation is either done for a circumferentially closed or a cylindrical sector structure, which is bounded by electric or magnetic walls in an azimuthal direction. The solution for the dyadic Green's function in the spectral domain is obtained via an equivalent circuit. Relations between the spectral and space domains for the dyadic Green's functions are derived using eigensolution expansions. Finally, the dyadic Green's function is applied to the problem of finding the propagation constants of the two-layer dielectric rod.     

不等长非均匀有损耗传输线FDTD瞬态分析

以分析等长均匀无损耗多导体传输线的时域有限差分(FDTD)法为基础,在考虑传输线损耗的情况下,对不等长非均匀多导体传输线进行分析。首先,在考虑传输线损耗的情况下给出传输线上各点电压和电流的迭代计算公式;其次,利用该公式对不等长非均匀有损耗传输线模型进行数值计算和理论分析;最后,通过仿真实验,其结果表明所提计算方法是正确和有效的。该方法对不等长非均匀有损耗传输线的研究提供理论计算参考。     

A New Anti‐Counterfeiting Feature Relying on Invisible Luminescent Full Color Images Printed with Lanthanide‐Based Inks

Europium and terbium trisdipicolinate complexes are inkjet printed onto paper with commercially available desktop inkjet printers. Together with a commercial blue luminescent ink, the red‐emitting luminescent ink containing europium and the green‐emitting luminescent ink containing terbium are used to reproduce accurate full color images that are invisible under white light and appear under a 254 nm UV light. Such invisible luminescent images are attractive anti‐counterfeiting security features. The luminescent prints have a color range (gamut) nearly as wide as the gamut of a standard sRGB display. The gamut of the luminescent prints is determined by relying on a simple model predicting the relative spectral radiant emittances of any printed luminescent color halftone. The model is also used to establish the correspondence between the surface coverages of the printed luminescent inks and the emitted color of these luminescent halftones. The accuracy of the spectral prediction model is very good and can be rationalized by the absence of quenching when the luminescent lanthanide complexes are printed in superposition with the other luminescent materials.     

Computation of characteristic impedance for multiple microstriptransmission lines using a vector finite element method

The total characteristic impedance is computed from the field solution generated by a vector magnetic field finite element method for several microstrip geometries. By making use of the power orthogonality of the modes, characteristic impedances are computed. Additionally, the existence of negative modal characteristic impedances is verified for certain multiconductor striplines. Circuit parameters which are generated using this new method are verified by results from the spectral domain technique     

多芯片组件带网孔接地板多导体互连线结构的电磁特性分析

本文给出一基于准静态场的直线法,来分析多芯片组件（ＭＣＭ）带有网孔接地板的多层多导体互连线结构的分析方法,以此提取等效传输线的特性参数。最后给出几个实例的计算结果。     

Experimental Characterization of Multiconductor Transmission Lines in the Frequency Domain

Although a number of papers have been published on the experimental characterization of multiconductor transmission lines, they are limited to the time domain for lossless multiconductor lines in homogeneous media. This paper presents a method for the characterization of multiconductor transmission lines in inhomogeneous media. The experimental technique for the measurement of multiconductor line parameters is presented and the appropriate multiconductor line equations are solved to obtain these parameters. The experimental method involves only the short-and open-circuit impedance measurements for different configurations. The experimental results for a four-conductor line are found to be in good agreement with computed results and a low-frequency lumped model.     

有线电视屏蔽传输电缆电容的LBEM分析

屏蔽传输电缆把电视信号送进千家万户,而电感、电容等特性参数对传输电缆上的信号质量评估起着重要作用。介绍用线性边界元计算多芯屏蔽传输电缆电容的基本原理,3个工程实例的计算结果表明:有线电视屏蔽传输电缆电容不仅与芯线排列有关,还与芯线截面形状有很大关系。     

Efficient spectral domain analysis of generalized multistrip linesin stratified media including thin, anisotropic, and lossy substrates

The full-wave analysis of multiconductor microstrip lines used in electooptic modulators (EOMs), MMICs, or high-speed VLSI applications is addressed. An arbitrary number of coupled coplanar strips are embedded in a stratified medium involving iso/anisotropic dielectric and/or semiconductor layers. The numerical aspects of the computation of the propagation constants using spectral domain analysis (SDA) are stressed. An efficient scheme is used to accurately compute attenuation and propagation constants and current distributions with reasonable CPU times. Convergence problems due to the existence of very thin layers adjacent to the metallized interface have been explicitly considered. An algorithm for computing the modal characteristic impedances regardless of the number and nature of substrate layers is provided. A reciprocity related definition of modal impedances is used to ensure the symmetry of the multiport scattering matrix associated with the structure     

Analysis of a Class of Cylindrical Multiconductor Transmission Lines Using an Iterative Approaclh

A class of cylindrical multiconductor transmission lines is theoretically analyzed, and useful parameters, e.g., characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant, are derived. Discretization of the continuous functions and exploitation of the periodicity of the cylindrical structure lead to a discrete convolution which can be carried out numerically rigorously and efficiently using the FFT algorithm. An iterative technique is employed in the spectral domain to derive the solution of integral equations for the charge distribution. Numerical results are presented and compared with available data.     

Response of circular symmetric multiconductor microstrip line to an electromagnetic field

The primary-secondary field idea is used to determine the response of a circular symmetric multiconductor microstrip line (CSMSL) to an external electromagnetic plane wave. The primary field is obtained analytically for the cases of oblique TM/sup z/ and TE/sup z/ polarized incidence. The secondary field is determined using excited multiconductor transmission line theory. The method is examined to obtain the effect of external illumination on a four-strip CSMSL and some useful results are obtained.