多级孔ZSM-5/SAPO-34复合分子筛制备及催化MTO性能研究

为制备性能更加优异的甲醇制烯烃（MTO）催化剂及进一步探究多级孔道对MTO催化反应的影响,采用柠檬酸溶液（CA）运用后处理方法对复合分子筛进行刻蚀,成功制备了具有多级孔道结构的ZSM-5/SAPO-34复合分子筛（CA-Z-S）。对复合分子筛的晶相、骨架、孔结构等理化性质进行了表征;将复合分子筛用于催化MTO反应,考察了复合分子筛的催化性能。表征结果表明,使用CA处理对ZSM-5/SAPO-34复合分子筛的形貌、结构会产生影响,使CA-Z-S具有更紧密的复合结构、适量的弱酸中心和多级孔道复合结构。催化测试结果表明,甲醇转化率达到100%时,CA-Z-S的寿命为1 200 min,较SAPO-34提高79%,较ZSM-5/SAPO-34提高30%;CA-Z-S对轻烯烃的选择性达到90.5%,较SAPO-34提高约3.7%。研究结果表明,利用CA对复合分子筛进行后处理,有利于复合分子筛催化MTO反应性能的提升。     

ZSM-22分子筛催化甲苯甲醇烷基化反应的研究

通过浸渍法对ZSM-22分子筛进行SiO₂和La₂O₃改性,制备了一系列催化剂。采用固定床微型连续流反应器对催化剂的反应性能进行了评价。考察了ZSM-22、SiO₂和La₂O₃改性ZSM-22对甲苯甲醇烷基化反应性能的影响。实验发现,ZSM-22催化甲苯甲醇烷基化反应的产物中,对二甲苯的选择性远高于间位和邻位异构体的选择性,而改性后的催化剂上目标产物对二甲苯的选择性得到提高,但反应活性下降。随SiO₂和La₂O₃负载量的增加,甲苯的转化率逐渐降低,对二甲苯选择性逐渐提高,其中,以La₂O₃改性后对二甲苯选择性提高较明显。SiO₂和La₂O₃复合改性后,甲苯的转化率高于La₂O₃单独改性的结果,而对二甲苯选择性与La₂O₃单独改性结果相近,并且,二甲苯的选择性略有提高。     

水热合成法合成SAPO-34分子筛

采用吗啉和四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,研究了不同因素对水热合成法合成SAPO-34分子筛的影响。结果表明,陈化时间、晶化时间和搅拌对合成分子筛都有重要影响,最佳陈化和晶化时间均为24 h,适宜的搅拌速度为100r/min。以吗啉和吗啉-四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,采用先陈化后晶化并搅拌的方式均可得到SAPO-34分子筛,四乙基氢氧化铵的加入有利于合成小晶粒的分子筛。甲醇制烯烃(MTO)结果表明,甲醇转化率达98%以上,乙烯和丙烯总选择性达85%以上。     

ZSM-5/SAPO-34复合分子筛的制备与甲醇芳构化性能研究

采用Na OH溶液处理法制备了介孔ZSM-5分子筛。采用包埋法合成了ZSM-5/SAPO-34复合介孔分子筛,并采用X射线衍射图谱(XRD)、电子扫描电镜(SEM)、氮吸附进行分析,在固定床反应器中进行了甲醇芳构化反应。研究结果表明,ZSM-5/SAPO-34复合分子筛孔径呈微孔和介孔多级孔分布,孔径和孔容均高于ZSM-5分子筛。当ZSM-5与SAPO-34分子筛的质量比为1∶2时,ZSM-5/SAPO-34复合分子筛具有较好的芳构化活性。在反应温度为475℃、反应压力0.5 MPa、空速(LHSV)1.2 h-1条件下,BTX(苯、甲苯和二甲苯)的收率可达30.8%。     

双模版剂法制备SAPO-5和SAPO-34分子筛

以二乙胺和四乙基氢氧化铵为混合模版剂,采用水热法合成了SAPO6和SAPO-34分子筛,并用XRD,SEM,XRF,NH3-TPD等手段对其表征,以氧化苯乙烯重排反应为探针反应评价其活性.分别讨论了加料顺序和晶化升温模式对合成SAPO-5和SAPO-34的影响.结果表明,改变加料顺序和晶化升温模式时,在原料和合成物料配比不变的条件下可以分别合成出纯相的SAPO6和SAPO-34分子筛.在氧化苯乙烯重排反应中,由于SAPO-34含有强酸位,会产生大量聚合物,使得苯乙醛的选择性较低,而只含有弱酸位的SAPO-5表现出较好的活性和选择性.     

二次生长法合成SAPO-34沸石膜及其气体渗透性能

以四乙基氢氧化铵(TEAOH)为模板剂,采用二次生长法在α-Al_2O_3多孔陶瓷管上合成了SAPO-34沸石膜.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及气体渗透对合成的膜进行了表征.XRD结果表明合成的膜具有典型的CHA型沸石特征峰,无其它杂相存在.SEM显示膜厚大约为5 μm,膜表面晶粒交织共生完好,且连续、致密,没有发现明显的针孔和裂纹.室温下, 当膜两侧压降为0.1 MPa时,CO_2/CH_4的理想选择性和混合气体分离选择性分别为7和40.     

利用合成SAPO-34分子筛的晶化残液合成SAPO-34分子筛

在制备SAPO-34过程中会产生大量的晶化残液,晶化残液中除了含有大量水之外,还含有残留的模板剂(有机胺)、硅源、铝源、磷源等组分,通过向合成SAPO-34分子筛产生的晶化残液中加入适量的铝源、磷源、硅源、模板剂等物料制备成凝胶混合物,经过老化、水热晶化、洗涤、干燥和焙烧等工序,即得到纯净的SAPO-34分子筛,既保护了环境又实现了晶化残液的再利用。     

Zeotype SAPO-34 Synthesized by Combination of Templates for the Gasification of Biomass

SAPO-34 is a crystalline microporous material, the characteristics of which are greatly influenced by synthetic parameters, especially the silica precursors and templates. In this study, the combination of templates and silica sources was optimized to obtain SAPO-34 phases in the purest form. The physicochemical properties of the thus-synthesized catalysts were characterized, and the Si environment in the SAPO-34 framework was analyzed. The catalytic performance in biomass gasification was investigated in a fixed-bed flow reactor. SAPO-34 synthesized with triethylamine/morpholine/tetraethylammonium hydroxide templates exhibited the highest total acidity, the smallest particle size, and high surface area, and produced a large amount of light hydrocarbons in biomass gasification.     

Preparation of SAPO-34 catalyst and presentation of a kinetic model for methanol to olefin process (MTO)

Conversion of methanol to light olefins (MTO) using acidic SAPO-34 molecular-sieve as the reaction catalyst was studied in a differential fixed bed reactor within the temperature range of 375-425 °C and under 4 bar pressure. The importance of MTO process is due to the increasing demand for light olefins in recent years. SAPO-34 was synthesized by hydrothermal method, applying morpholine as the template. The latter compound was then changed into protonated form by ion exchange method with ammonium chloride at 80 °C. A simple stoichiometric scheme has been presented for MTO. In addition a mechanism for this process based on Langmuir-Hinshelwood formulation has been put forward and the kinetic parameters have been evaluated as functions of temperature.     

ZSM-5/SAPO-5催化合成二芳基乙烷

对二甲苯与苯乙烯烷基化反应制二芳基乙烷反应体系进行考察。采用固定床反应器,在ZSM-5/SAPO-5复合分子筛催化剂下,研究了原料配比、反应温度、反应压力和空速对苯乙烯转化率和二芳基乙烷选择性的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件:苯乙烯与二甲苯物质的量比为1∶6,反应温度70℃,反应压力3.0 MPa,空速1.0 h~(-1),此条件下,苯乙烯转化率达100%,二芳基乙烷的选择性达80.48%。     

模板剂对SAPO-34分子筛性能的影响

采用XRD、SEM、NH3-TPD等方法研究了以三乙胺(TEA)、四乙基氢氧化铵(TEAOH)及二者的混合物为模板剂合成的产物的结构及物化性能,并以甲醇为探针分子,在固定床反应器上对合成产物在甲醇制取烯烃(MTO)反应中的催化性能进行了评价。结果表明,模板剂的种类及配比对所得产物的晶相结构、晶粒大小、酸强度、酸量以及催化性能有重要影响。双模板体系中,当n(TEAOH)/n(TEA)=0.037～0.186时,得到纯相SAPO-34分子筛;且当n(TEAOH)/n(TEA)=0.093时,得到的SAPO-34分子筛晶粒较小(1.0μm左右)且均匀,酸度适中,低碳烯烃(C2=～C4=)的选择性94.98%,催化寿命415min,较单独以TEA〔n(TEA)/n(Al2O3)=2.15〕或TEAOH〔n(TEAOH)/n(Al2O3)=2.0〕为模板剂合成的催化剂的低碳选择性(88.22%和89.29%)和寿命(170min和165min)均有明显提高,且积炭速率(0.016%/min)明显降低。     

Kinetics of steam regeneration of SAPO-34 zeolite catalyst in methanol-to-olefins (MTO) process

Methanol-to-olefins(MTO) is industrially applied to produce ethylene and propylene using methanol converted from coal,synthetic gas,and biomass.SAPO-34 zeolites,as the most efficient catalyst in MTO process,are subject to the rapid deactivation due to coke deposition.Recent work shows that steam regeneration can provide advantages such as low carbon dioxide emission and enhanced light olefins yield in MTO process,compared to that by air regeneration.A kinetic study on the steam regeneration of spent SAPO-34 catalyst has been carried out in this work.In doing so,we first investigated the effect of temperature on the regeneration performance by monitoring the crystal structure,acidity,residual coke properties and other structural parameters.The results show that with the increase of regeneration temperature,the compositions of residual coke on the catalyst change from pyrene and phenanthrene to naphthalene,which are normally considered as active hydrocarbon pool species in MTO reaction.However,when the regeneration temperature is too high,nitrogen oxides can be found in the residual coke.Meanwhile,as the regeneration temperature increases,the quantity of residual coke reduces and the acidity,BET surface area and pore structure of the regenerated samples can be better recovered,resulting in prolonging catalyst lifetime.We have further derived the kinetics of steam regeneration,and obtained an activation energy of about 177.8 kJ·mol~(-1).Compared that with air regeneration,the activation energy of steam regeneration is higher,indicating that the steam regeneration process is more difficult to occur.     

Promoting Xylene Production in Benzene Methylation using Hierarchically Porous ZSM-5 Derived from a Modified Dry-gel Route

Methylation of benzene is an alternative low-cost route to produce xylenes, but selectivity to xylene remains low over conventional zeolitic catalysts. In this work, a combined dry-gel-conversion and s...     

Methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction over SAPO-34. Molecules confined in the catalyst cavities at short time on stream

In order to obtain more insight into the methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) reaction the organic molecules confined in a working SAPO-34 catalyst have been studied. The reaction was run for varying times, 30 s to 30 min. At a predetermined time the reaction was stopped and the catalyst dissolved in 1 M HCl. The gas phase above the solution as well as a CCl₄ extract were analyzed by gas chromatography (MS detector). The gas phase consists mainly of isoalkanes C_4–6. The less volatile organic molecules were concentrated in the CCl₄ extract. More than 200 different species are present, but polymethylbenzenes, with one to six methyl groups, are always dominating. They constitute 30–50% of the samples. Penta- and hexamethylbenzene easily split off small hydrocarbons and turn into di- and trimethylbenzenes. It is speculated that methylations of arenes which thereupon split off small alkenes and then are remethylated again may be an essential part of the catalytic activity in the MTH reaction.     

SAPO-34分子筛的合成

以吗啉和四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,合成SAPO-34分子筛,研究不同温度和物料比对SAPO-34分子筛合成的影响。结果表明,在180℃和n(吗啉)∶n(SiO_2)∶n(Al_2O_3)∶n(P_2O_5)∶n(H_2O)=2∶1∶1∶1∶30条件下,SAPO-34分子筛的相对结晶度达100%。     

纳米SAPO-34分子筛的制备与表征

本文采用水热合成法制备纳米SAPO-34分子筛,并考查了晶化时间、陈化时间、水含量对纳米SAPO-34分子筛合成的影响,进一步采用XRD、SEM对合成的分子筛进行表征.实验结果表明,在一定范围内,当物料摩尔配比为1(Al2O3)∶2(P2O5)∶0.6(SiO2)∶4(TEAOH)∶107(H2O),室温陈化72 h,200℃晶化时间为24 h时,合成的纳米SAPO-34分子筛相对结晶度较高,平均粒径约为255 nm.     

甲醇制烯烃催化剂SAPO-34分子筛的制备和喷雾成型

SAPO-34分子筛用于催化甲醇转化制烯烃,乙烯和丙烯选择性高,是很好的甲醇制烯烃催化剂。由于SAPO-34分子筛失活速率快,甲醇制烯烃反应器通常是连续循环再生的流化床反应器,SAPO-34分子筛必须喷雾成型并达到一定抗磨强度后才能使用。在50 L反应釜合成了SAPO-34分子筛,并在中试喷雾装置上,以SAPO-34为活性组分喷雾成型甲醇制烯烃催化剂。结果表明,喷雾成型甲醇制烯烃催化剂的抗磨损指数为1.58%·h-1,抗磨性能达到工业应用要求,与两种工业甲醇制烯烃催化剂对比,喷雾成型甲醇制烯烃催化剂寿命最长,达260 min,乙烯、丙烯选择性以及乙烯+丙烯总选择性在对应的各个反应时间点均最高,260 min分别达到49.09%、35.05%和84.98%。     

Kinetic modeling of methanol to olefins process over SAPO-34 catalyst based on the dual-cycle reaction mechanism

A kinetic model for methanol to olefins (MTO) process over SAPO-34 catalyst was established based on the dual-cycle reaction mechanism. Simplifications were made by assuming olefins-based cycle as virtual species S, and aromatics-based cycle as R, where the former mainly accounts for the production of higher olefins, while the latter for lower olefins. Transformation of S to R was considered with the participation of methanol and olefins. Meanwhile, a phenomenological deactivation model was developed to account for the deactivation process. With the proposed model, the evolution of methanol conversion and product selectivity with time on stream could be predicted, and key reaction characteristics, such as the autocatalytic nature of the reaction, could also be captured due to its mechanism-based nature. Further simulations of MTO reactors at different scales validated the robustness and applicability of the current model in MTO process development and optimization. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 662–674, 2019     

SAPO-34分子筛膜原位合成及表征

In-situ synthesis, SAPO-34 molecular sieve, membrane