PLC闭环控制技术在石油工业中的应用

随着我国石油工业的高速发展,对石油钻杆的需要不仅表现在数量上的增加,而且对钻杆的质量也提出了更高的要求。本文在石油钻杆生产自动化需要这个应用背景下,对钻杆生产过程自动化的实现方法进行了探讨,研究了以可编程控制器为核心控制元件实现自动化所涉及的新概念、新原理及技术所需的基础理论,极大的提高了钻杆生产自动化水平,有效保证了新钻杆的质量。     

复合刀具在石油管螺纹加工中的应用

油、套管及钻杆是油田生产过程中的重要耗材，在石油工业中占有很重要的地位。各类石油管是在无缝管的基础上经过深加工（主要是机加工）的特殊冶金产品，石油工业对各类石油管成品的圆度、直线度、螺纹参数、密封性能和结构完整性都有很严格的要求。     

江苏省机电新产品介绍11则

W127/2250 W127/3150钻杆卡瓦钻杆卡瓦是用于石油、天然气钻井作业中上扣或卸扣时卡持钻杆或其它管柱的必备工具。随着我国石油工业的发展,中国两部地区已成为石油、天然气钻采的重点地区,而我国的西部地区地质情况复杂,钻井深度达到     

基于实验的旋转控制头胶芯密封面寿命优化

欠平衡钻井起下钻过程中,旋转控制头胶芯受到交替循环载荷易发生疲劳失效。首先对旋转控制头的密封原理进行分析,得出了动态密封过程中胶芯的受力情况。然后对胶芯材料进行拉伸试验,确立了变形过程中Yeoh本构模型。再应用Abaqus软件建立了胶芯动态密封有限元模型,进行了起下钻过程中胶芯密封过程的模拟以及影响胶芯密封面疲劳寿命的因素进行了优化分析。对胶芯内径进行了优化,对不同外径钻杆应搭配的胶芯内径尺寸进行优化,得到了常用钻杆最优的钻杆胶芯组合。还对不同井口压力作用下钻杆下放和上提速度进行了优化,井压越大越容易造成胶芯疲劳失效,得出了不同压力条件下钻杆的安全下放和上提速度。最后按照中国标准在中国国家石油工业井控设备质量监督检验中心进行了室内密封试验以及现场应用试验证实了有限元优化的可靠性,对提高胶芯使用寿命和油田作业安全具有重要现实意义。     

数控车床加工钻杆接头螺纹扣头研究

钻杆接头螺纹加工后,需要安排铣削和钳工加工螺纹端部扣头部分,存在工序多、效率低、产品加工质量不稳定等问题.对此,提出一种数控车床车削加工钻杆接头螺纹扣头的新工艺.对这一新工艺的刀具运动轨迹进行了分析和计算,并进行了刀具选用.生产实践表明,采用数控车床加工钻杆接头螺纹扣头新工艺,加工出的螺纹扣头光滑、美观,加工质量稳定、效率高.     

浅谈钻杆制造企业中的设备管理

本文通过对钻杆企业的设备进行分类管理,对钻杆企业中涉及到的主要设备的管理重点进行了阐述,强调了在钻杆企业中设备管理是一门涉及到工程技术、质量管理、安全管理、成本管理和计算机科学技术的一门综合性学科,管理者需综合考虑建立全员参与的设备管理制度,使设备管理达到最优.     

一种多功能小行星采样器的设计

对距离地球较远的小行星表面进行松散土壤和岩石的采样任务时,需要采集不同深度的土壤样品并就地进行分析,并将有价值的数据传回地球。为此研究一种多功能采样器,进行钻进机构、取样机构和密封加热机构等关键组成部分的设计,能实现土壤和岩石样品的采样、体积测量和加热任务。由于钻进过程中,钻杆的约束条件发生变化,为分析钻杆的稳定性,建立动态压杆稳定模型,计算钻杆稳定的临界载荷;考虑钻孔深度变化、钻杆导向约束等不断变化的条件,分析钻杆振动频率的变化规律,利用ANSYS软件仿真,得到了钻杆随钻进深度变化的一阶固有频率区间。对耦合的密封力和加热开关接触力进行计算,得到了满足要求的可靠驱动扭矩。通过原理样机的制作与试验,验证了多功能采样器的设计合理性,达到了质量轻、功耗小、功能多、采样量大的效果。     

煤矿用钻杆发生断裂原因分析及采取的措施

对失效钻杆的断口形貌、力学性能等进行分析。结合钻杆的受力状态，分析钻杆发生断裂的原因。从材质的选择、加工工艺的改进等方面来采取措施，从而减少钻杆断裂，提高钻杆质量。     

关于钻杆失效分析与质量控制研究

由于新钻井技术的应用范围逐渐广泛,工况油气田的勘探开发工作的相关要求也愈发严格,在这样的情势下,高性能钻杆的研发工作渐渐得到了重视,促使生产厂和油气田对其相关质量性能也投入了越来越多的注意力。但是最近几年以来钻杆出现失效问题的案例变得愈发普遍,这也就导致市场对于钻杆的质量要求提升到了新的高度。本文主要对能够造成钻杆出现失效问题的相关因素进行了总结和分析,并且针对这些因素提出了相关的建议,希望能够进一步提升钻杆的质量及其使用的可靠性,尽可能减少钻杆失效的现象。希望本文能够为相关行业提供借鉴,从而促进进一步提升钻杆的使用质量和安全,对我国的油气勘探开发事业的发展提供一定的社会价值。     

工程用钻杆螺纹断裂失效研究

工程用坑道钻机钻杆在孔内受各种载荷作用,包括弯曲、扭转、振动及拉压等,钻进时经常出现钻杆断裂现象,严重影响正常生产.从钻杆接头连接螺纹失效类型分析入手,考虑实际工作载荷对钻杆联结螺纹进行力学分析.基于有限单元法,建立了钻杆连接螺纹接触有限元模型,针对Φ42钻杆进行了强度分析,并对钻杆材质进行了断口的形貌、化学成分测量、硬度测量、金相分析,得出钻杆接头螺纹应力偏高,热处理工艺不稳定为钻杆断裂失效的主要原因,研究为进一步优化钻杆结构提供了重要依据,具有重要的理论意义及工程应用价值.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.