WHOMoVeS: An optimized broadband sensor network for military vehicle tracking

With the advance of sensing technologies and their applications, advanced sensor networks are gaining increasing interest. For certain sensitive applications, heterogeneous sensors can be deployed in the monitored space to ensure scalability, high-speed communication, and long network lifetime. Hybrid sensor networks have capabilities to combine the use of both resource-rich and resource-impoverished sensor nodes. This paper proposes a heterogeneous broadband sensor network architecture for military vehicle tracking. Powerful sensor devices with good bandwidth and energy capabilities are used as a communication backbone while energy sensors are used to track moving targets. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mobile device‐centric access point monitoring scheme for handover decision triggering in heterogeneous networks

Because of the low throughput and the high packet error rate in wireless communications, the network traffic often converges at access points (APs), which take a role of connecting wired and wireless communication interfaces, and APs are usually bottleneck points in wireless networks. In heterogeneous networks, various networks are around mobile devices. Furthermore, today's mobile devices have various wireless network capabilities. Thus, mobile devices should be able to understand network situations autonomously and use a wide range of network options in heterogeneous networks. However, since current mobile devices cannot know the connected AP's network condition, they continue to use the AP, which provides poor‐quality networks even though there are other available APs and networks nearby. To resolve the aforementioned problems, we propose MAPS , the low‐power AP monitoring scheme for handover decision triggering in heterogeneous networks. Using MAPS , a mobile device can trigger a handover decision properly through predicting the connected AP's network condition accurately without any cooperation from other devices. Furthermore, MAPS does not require any modification on existing network systems, and the mobile device can use MAPS with simple application installation. Through diverse simulations, actual experiments, and power consumption analysis, we validate that MAPS can detect the busy AP effectively and is suitable for mobile devices because of low power consumption.     

Development of a novel 6LoWPAN-based multipurpose sensor monitoring and notification system

In the area of wireless communication technologies, 6LoWPAN leverages the extensive capabilities of IPv6, even within the constraints imposed by resource-limited devices, particularly within wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The integration of 6LoWPAN into modern solutions for implementing the IPv6-based Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, a sensor monitoring and notification system specifically designed for deployment over 6LoWPAN has been proposed. Multipurpose capability, scalability, and ease of deployability are the main features of the proposed system. Its architecture reflects the highest degree of flexibility and allows for a variety of use cases encountered in practical scenarios. In addition, a web interface has been developed as part of the comprehensive system architecture. This interface enables efficient management of the entire system and facilitates connection for new users and seamless integration of additional sensors. By encapsulating complex functions in a user-friendly interface, the system promotes accessibility, convenience, and an enhanced user experience. The proposed system overcomes the limitations of current approaches, thereby creating new opportunities. The flexibility of the proposed system allows it to be applied to various use cases.     

An Internet vision: the invisible global infrastructure

This paper takes us on a short journey from traditional desktop computing to the three emerging dimensions of: Nomadicity (the system support needed to provide a rich set of computing and communication capabilities and services to nomads as they move from place to place in a way that is transparent, integrated, convenient and adaptive); embeddedness (small intelligent devices embedded in the physical world and connected to the Internet); and ubiquity (Internet service availability wherever the nomad travels on a global basis). These three dimensions give us a powerful system that supports global access for mobile users interacting with smart spaces. When we add intelligence distributed across this global infrastructure, we form a new “space”, which is the basis of a vision I articulated for the Internet in 1969 and which has yet to be achieved. In that vision, I foresee that the Internet will essentially be an invisible global infrastructure serving as a global nervous system for the peoples and processes of this planet.     

IPv6

The Internet is changing - as it has to, because IPv4 does not support enough addresses for everyone alive today, let alone proliferating embedded and mobile devices. This paper discusses the advantages of Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) over IPv4. The main advantage of IPv6 is the increase in the number of addresses available for networked devices, allowing, for example, each mobile phone and mobile electronic device to have its own IP address     

IPv6通信能力指标化分析方法及在端到端运营级网络的应用

针对新、老旧设备混合组建的端到端运营级网络,产业界通常采用传统的定性方法描述其IPv6通信能力。通过定义IPv6通信事件、IPv6通信能力指标,提出了单节点、节点集、单路径、多路径以及端到端运营级网络的IPv6通信能力指标及其计算方法,从而实现IPv6通信能力的指标化分析,并评估了端到端运营级网络的IPv6通信能力。     

IPv6 networks over DVB‐RCS satellite systems

Satellite plays an important role in global information infrastructure (GII) and next generation networks (NGNs). Similarly, satellite communication systems have great advantages to support IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) networks as a technology that allows universal access to broadband e‐services (audio, video, VPN, etc.). In the context of DVB‐S2 (digital video broadcast‐satellite) and DVB‐RCS (digital video broadcast‐return channel via satellite) standards, this paper presents the current SatSix project (satellite‐based communications systems within IPv6 networks) within the European 6th Framework Programme, which is implementing innovative concepts and effective solutions (in relation with the economical cost) for broadband satellite systems and services using the technology presented above. This project is promoting the introduction of the IPv6 protocol into satellite‐based communication systems. Moreover, through SatSix, the industry is addressing the next generation Internet, IPv6. It also enhances its competitive position in satellite broadband multimedia systems by exploiting the common components defined by the European DVB‐S2 and DVB‐RCS satellite broadband standards. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于6LoWPAN的物联网寻址策略研究

在6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low-power Wireless Personal Area Network)的基础上,该文提出应用于物联网的寻址策略,实现基于IEEE 802.15.4协议的底层异构网络与互联网的实时通信。寻址策略包括IPv6地址自动配置和报头压缩。采用的分层地址自动配置策略,首先在底层网络内部允许节点使用16位短地址导出的链路本地地址进行数据分组传输,该链路本地地址需通过执行基于分簇的重复地址检测机制保证唯一性;其次,每个底层网络中的Sink节点通过上层IP路由器获取全球路由前缀,并与接口标识符相结合,形成Sink节点的全球地址,实现底层网络与互联网的数据交换。同时,通过在报头压缩编码中植入链路本地地址和全球地址控制位,提出了一种适用于物联网应用的报头压缩方案IIPHC (IoTs IPv6 Header Compression)。如果地址类型为链路本地地址,则采用简单灵活的IIPHC1方案,如果地址类型为全球地址,则采用相对复杂但有效的IIPHC2方案。仿真及测试结果表明,基于6LoWPAN的物联网寻址策略在网络开销、时延、吞吐量、能耗等性能方面存在一定的优越性。     

Seamless session mobility scheme in heterogeneous wireless networks

The next generation wireless communication system will likely be heterogeneous networks, as various technologies can be integrated on heterogeneous networks. A mobile multiple‐mode device can easily access the Internet through different wireless interfaces. The mobile multiple‐mode device thus could switch to different access points to maintain the robustness of the connection when it can acquire more resources from other heterogeneous wireless networks. The mobile multiple‐mode device therefore needs to face the handover problem in such environment. This work introduces Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)‐based cross‐layer scheme to support seamless handover scheme over heterogeneous networks. The proposed scheme consists of a battery lifetime‐based handover policy and cross‐layer fast handover scheme, called the SIP‐based mobile stream control transmission protocol (SmSCTP). This work describes the major idea of the proposed scheme and infrastructure. The proposed scheme has been implemented in Linux system. The simulation and numerical results demonstrate that the proposed SmSCTP scheme yields better signaling cost, hand‐off delay time, packet loss and delay jitter than SIP and mSCTP protocols. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Location-Based Services in Mobile Communication Infrastructures

Location- and context-based services form a new class of services, which supplement existing services in the mobile communication infrastructure. The paper describes shortly an architecture of systems supporting the new class of services; this architecture extends beyond those systems which have initially been introduced by support of centralized data bases (such as web servers) and by federation components providing search and mapping functions which are necessary for the full exploitation of the capabilities of such services. The concept is based on the existence of heterogeneous mobile and radio access networks. The question arises, among others, to what extent such services add to the network load and its performance, in particular the question of scalability. In this paper, an approach is outlined as a basis for future capacity planning and for the support of strategic decision making with respect to infrastructure investments.     

Area,energy, and time assessment for a distributed TPM for distributed trust in IoT clusters

IoT clusters arise from natural human societal clusters such as a house, an airport, and a highway. IoT clusters are heterogeneous with a need for device to device as well as device to user trust. The IoT devices are likely to be thin computing clients. Due to low cost, an individual IoT device is not built to be fault tolerant through redundancy. Hence the trust protocols cannot take the liveness of a device for granted. In fact, the differentiation between a failing device and a malicious device is difficult from the trust protocol perspective. We present a minimal distributed trust layer based on distributed consensus like operations. These distributed primitives are cast in the context of the APIs supported by a trusted platform module (TPM). TPM with its 1024 bit RSA is a significant burden on a thin IoT design. We use RNS based slicing of a TPM where in each slice resides within a single IoT device. The overall TPM functionality is distributed among several IoT devices within a cluster. The VLSI area, energy, and time savings of such a distributed TMP implementation is assessed. A sliced/distributed TPM is better suited for an IoT environment based on its resource needs. We demonstrate over 90% time reduction, over 3% area reduction, and over 90% energy reduction per IoT node in order to support TPM protocols.     

嵌入式Linux环境下DHCPv6服务的实现

随着网络技术的飞速发展,嵌入式设备对于下一代互联网协议IPv6的支持成为必然要求,而实现IPv6地址自动配置的DHCPv6服务也就成为一个关键性问题。本文介绍了IPv6和DHCPv6的相关技术特点,并以HH6410开发板为客户端．以PC机为服务端在一个IPV6网络内实现了客户端嵌入式设备的DHCPv6服务。     

Simulation and implementation of a reconfigurable dual-function pixel

This paper presents the simulation and implementation of a reconfigurable pixel that serves both data acquisition and energy harvesting purposes. The main topic focuses on switching between the two operating modes of the photodiode:photoconductive and photovoltaic modes. This proposed model can be used to design novel optical sensors with energy harvesting capability, such as position sensitive device (PSD) and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors, which can extend the battery lifetime of the whole optical system. Thus, we can overcome power supply problems like wiring and changing batteries frequently, especially in hard-to-reach places like space (cube satellites) or even underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). The proposed pixel architecture offers the advantage of a minimalistic design with only four transistors. Nevertheless, it does come with a drawback in the form of higher noise levels. The simulation was achieved using MATLAB, and the implementation was performed using the programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) microcontroller. The results showed that the functionality of the dual-function pixel is correct, and the scheduling of both energy harvesting and signal sensing functions was successfully achieved.     

Integrated open service node for active networks and services

The changing business scenario for telecommunication services requires higher levels of openness compared to current technologies. The realization of a programmable and open network intelligence fosters the transition toward an open telecom market. This extended openness is requested to allow flexible component-based service integration; extended control/management capabilities are needed for new electronic business infrastructure, more service personalization and programmability, and integration and management of heterogeneous networks (Internet/B-ISDN/mobile, etc.). We present an integrated architecture for active and programmable networks and services based on the concept of an integrated service node. We study the business point of view, the B-ISDN/ATM point of view, and the Internet point of view. Each of these technologies is supported by an adapted and adaptive service node to introduce advanced service composition, control, and management capabilities. We present a possible implementation infrastructure, and discuss related issues     

无线视频流编码与传输技术初探

针对无线信道的特性和多种无线终端并存的现实，探讨了在时变无线网络中向多种客户终端传送视频流的关键技术，介绍了分级视频编码和逐级加密技术的综合运用，并给出了一种新的无线视频流传输方案。     

AAA architecture for mobile IPv6 based on WLAN

Mobility support for Internet devices is quite important for consumer electronics. The number of the hand‐held devices is growing quickly. However, there are not enough IP addresses for the number of the rapidly growing devices in the All‐IP generation. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) was therefore adopted to solve these problems. Our purposed structure is based on IEEE 802.11. However, IEEE 802.11 has a serious security drawback. Further, from the Internet Service Providers' point of view, accounting is a potential problem. A mechanism combining Mobile IPv6 and AAA based on IEEE 802.11 to overcome these problems is essential. Both Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and IPv6 support IP security (IPsec) when data packets are exchanged across the IP network. IPsec operates at the IP layer. It can support system authentication and authorization, However, it lacks a system accounting function. Therefore ISPs cannot establish correct billing for their services. This is the reason why we chose to combine the wireless network and AAA functions. In this paper, the AAA mechanism is used to protect security, with the architecture having authentication, authorization, and accounting functions. We will discuss the benefits of AAA and state the reason why we choose to combine AAA with the mobility architecture. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Wireless underground sensor networks: Research challenges

This work introduces the concept of a Wireless Underground Sensor Network (WUSN). WUSNs can be used to monitor a variety of conditions, such as soil properties for agricultural applications and toxic substances for environmental monitoring. Unlike existing methods of monitoring underground conditions, which rely on buried sensors connected via wire to the surface, WUSN devices are deployed completely belowground and do not require any wired connections. Each device contains all necessary sensors, memory, a processor, a radio, an antenna, and a power source. This makes their deployment much simpler than existing underground sensing solutions. Wireless communication within a dense substance such as soil or rock is, however, significantly more challenging than through air. This factor, combined with the necessity to conserve energy due to the difficulty of unearthing and recharging WUSN devices, requires that communication protocols be redesigned to be as efficient as possible. This work provides an extensive overview of applications and design challenges for WUSNs, challenges for the underground communication channel including methods for predicting path losses in an underground link, and challenges at each layer of the communication protocol stack.     

Infrastructure for Intelligent Automation Services in the Smart Grid

The electricity grid is undergoing a radical transformation from a production-driven to a demand-driven energy delivery platform known as the smart grid. The integration of a large amount of renewable and distributed energy resources, together with new patterns of electricity production, accentuates the need for research in information and communication technologies to control bi-directional energy flows. The European FP7 project: “Energy Demand Aware Open Services for Smart Grid Intelligent Automation” is contributing to this research by providing an intelligent infrastructure for service deployment for the smart grid. The project defines a system architecture that provides interoperability between wireless sensors in home area networks connected over the Internet to a service provider function deployed in a cloud infrastructure. A key component in this infrastructure is the Home Energy Controlling Hub that, on the one hand, provides a platform for monitoring and aggregation of electricity consumption data from devices and appliances and, on the other hand, is the link between the deployed intelligent automation services and the home. To ensure openness and simplicity, the proposed infrastructure is based on the representational state transfer style architecture. This is adopted by implementing the emerging ZigBee IP and Smart Energy Profile 2.0 standards that to a wide extend conform with the Internet Protocol suite and state-of-the art web services development.     

Intelligence implementation on silicon based on four-terminal device electronics

We will propose the concept of a “four-terminal device” which functionally surpasses three-terminal devices like MOSFET's and bipolar transistors in the ability of controlling the current flowing through a device. The enhanced functionality at the very elemental transistor level is quite essential in creating intelligent functions at the system level. A neuron MOSFET (νMOS), a multiple-input-terminal floating-gate device, is taken as an example of a four-terminal device and the implementation of new-architecture electronic circuits is demonstrated. The binary-multivalue-analog merged hardware algorithms conducted by vMOS circuits provide a highly flexible data processing scheme while assuring the accuracy of binary digital computation, thus presenting a very promising approach to implementing human-intelligence electronic systems on silicon.