现代汉语反义义场义位及其配价研究

词与词的本义和本义之间、本义和引申义之间、引申义和引申义之间,均可构成反义义场.反义义场既可以由义位和义位构成,也可以由不自由语素义和不自由语素义构成,或由义位和义丛构成.由不自由语素义和不自由语素义构成的反义义场是古代汉语的遗留.属于同一反义义场的各个成员,它们的配价都是相同的;反之,配价不同的两个词,不能构成反义义场.     

浅析“控”类语素词缀化演变过程及语用情况

＂控＂作为一个音译语素,目前已广泛用于语言构词中。本文将通过＂控＂词缀与其他外来词缀的对比,分析其在词缀化发展过程中的运动性,通过具体的调查发现其使用规律,进而探讨其在现实生活中的语用情况。     

《古诗》“佳丽”辨析

刘勰在《文心雕龙》中对《古诗》的评价是＂直而不野,婉转赋物,怊怅切情＂,但这与前面提到的＂《古诗》佳丽＂中的＂丽＂似乎是矛盾的。但如果结合刘勰关于文学作品形式与内容关系的论述,我们就会发现,这种矛盾其实是现代人对＂丽＂的理解与刘勰他们古人的理解隔膜的缘故。因此,我认为,刘勰评价《古诗》＂佳丽＂不是指《古诗》华丽,而是强调《古诗》将外在的形式语言和内在的感情处理得恰到好处。     

论歌声的语言美

歌唱艺术中歌声的语言最贴近大众。歌声语言美的程度,每个人都有自己判断的标准。歌声的语言有其语素、语韵、语气和语调等诸多美的因素存在,才有了动听的歌声。     

小议“外来和尚好念经”

近两年来，一些亏损企业在调整领导班子的，由当地政府商同行业主管部门，从外单位选派人员担任主要领导，象水锅、舞钢、长特、重特都是。水锅等企业还主动请求邯钢、首钢等先进单位派出专家到二级厂担任主要领导，都取得了很好的效果。因此，在一些人心目中，认为要解决困难企业的问题，还是要靠外来干部，“外来和尚好意经”嘛。外来和尚好意经，有其主客观的原因。从上述企业来看，这些“外来和尚”确实有较深的“道行”。首先，他们都具有较强的整体素质，较高的领导才能，较新的思想观念，为人正派，作风踏实，从总体上讲，比起原单位…     

胶莱盆地西谭格庄地区金成矿前景分析

西谭格庄地区处在胶莱盆地西北部的盆内隆起区.本文对西谭格庄地区的地质、地球化学、地球物理、遥感资料进行了总结分析,并与同处胶莱盆地边缘的蓬家夼金矿的构造特征和控矿规律进行了类比,认为该区金成矿前景较好,并指出了今后工作的方向.     

基于模糊灰色预测模型的油菜产量预测

把模糊数学和灰数学有机的结合为模糊灰色预测FGM(1,1)模型,并应用到油莱产量的预测上,实例分析发现FGM(1,1)模型预测我国油菜产量具有较高的预测精度.     

乐清山歌——《对鸟》的魅力

美丽的家乡--乐清,有一首美丽的<对鸟>,她是那么的朴实无华,用方言唱着自己的家乡,但她现在已经飞出了乐清,飞出了浙江,甚至飞向了全国.她凭着对乐清方言的热爱,唱出了乐清地地道道的民歌风韵.她有她独特的美丽,吸引了所有的人们.     

聋大学生在Stroop任务中的语音促进效应研究

文章意在考察聋大学生是否具有语音意识及其特点如何.选取重庆师范大学的23名聋大学生作为实验组,24名年龄和智力与之匹配的听力正常大学生作为对照组,考查了聋大学生在颜色判断的Stroop任务中能否获得语音促进效应.结果显示:在不需要语音编码的参与也能完成实验任务的Stroop效应实验中,当色词的同音词字体颜色与词的读音不一致时,反应时比一致条件下要长,聋大学生出现了语音混淆现象,聋大学生的语音编码得到了自动激活,聋大学生具有语音意识,但与听力正常,年龄、智力与之匹配的大学生相比,其语音编码水平显著较低.     

论现代外来语对汉语语法的影响

现代外来语进入汉语后,对汉语的语音、词汇和语法都产生了重要的影响.从外来单音成分的语素化、汉语词语的词缀化和汉语句法结构的改变三个方面,分析英语和日语中的外来语对汉语语法的影响.     

New age-linked asymmetries: Aging and the processing of familiar versus novel language on the input versus output side.

This research demonstrates 3 new age-linked asymmetries between identifying versus retrieving phonological information. Young and older adults read aloud familiar isolated words (e.g., mind) and novel pseudowords (e.g., mond) in a production task and identified lexical status for identical stimuli in a comprehension task. Young adults made fewer errors than older adults in production but not comprehension (an age-related input-output asymmetry), and they produced pseudowords but not words with fewer errors than older adults (a lexical-status asymmetry). The lexical-status asymmetry also occurred for response onset times but not for output durations (an onset-output asymmetry). All 3 asymmetries were predicted under the transmission deficit hypothesis (D. G. MacKay & D. M. Burke, 1990) but contradict theories such as general slowing that cannot explain why aging affects some types of information processing more than others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Applied Psychology in Action: Comment on Word Meaning.

Comments on "The non-directive approach in advertising appeals" by H. D. Hadley (1953) and the distinction between credibility and credulity in the text. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Word meaning and sexual identification in paranoid schizophrenics and anxiety neurotics.

From psychoanalytic theory it is reasoned that the paranoid schizophrenic is one who has not made an adequate identification with the parent of like sex; other theoretical formulations presuppose a lack of identification with either parent. To test which of these hypotheses is valid, Osgood's Semantic Differential was used as a measure of identification (as established by Lazowick, 1955). It was given to a sample of hospitalized paranoid schizophrenics, an outpatient VA mental hygiene clinic sample of anxiety neurotics, and 2 control groups, hopsitalized TB patients and working people. The results indicated that the paranoid schizophrenic showed lack of identification with either parent. To some extent, this was true of the identification pattern of the neurotic group, but the latter also showed confusion of identification. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On Cross-Cultural Similarity of Judged Word Positions in Semantic Space.

Comments on the article by Charles Osgood (see record 1963-00462-001) which examined the generality of affective meaning systems. The commentator notes that Osgood's article was most stimulating. However, a goodly portion of the paper dealt with analyses of subjects' judgments of meaningful words from which Osgood infers a generality in semantic space between various language-culture groups. While Osgood may well be entirely correct in his interpretation of obtained results, there does appear to be a methodological issue with regard to these specific studies, which the commentator highlights. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Word learning in children with autism spectrum disorders.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been gaining attention, partly as an example of unusual developmental trajectories related to early neurobiological differences. The present investigation addressed the process of learning new words to explore mechanisms of language delay and impairment. The sample included 21 typically developing toddlers matched on expressive vocabulary with 21 young children with ASD. Two tasks were administered to teach children a new word and were supplemented by cognitive and diagnostic measures. In most analyses, there were no group differences in performance. Children with ASD did not consistently make mapping errors, even in word learning situations that required the use of social information. These findings indicate that some children with ASD, in developmentally appropriate tasks, are able to use information from social interactions to guide word–object mappings. This result has important implications for understanding of how children with ASD learn language. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

网络新兴词语模"×帝"的语言学考察

"×帝"词语模的模槽中可填充的语言成分具有多样性特点."帝"因构词的定位性和类化性等特征而具有了类词缀化的倾向."帝"由最初的"花蒂"义到后来的"天神"义、"君主"义,再到近年来泛化出的新义,帝的语义指向实现了"物→神→君主→个人→团体→物"的转化."帝"的概念在隐喻义的基础上实现了再概念化."帝"的转义的产生都是人类隐喻认知的结果.     

从权势和等同关系看"小姐"一词在社会称谓中的应用

称谓语是说话人用来称呼与其对话者的用语."小姐"一词是当代汉语语言生活中的一个极为常见的称谓语,因此在"权势"和"等同"语义对立模式基础上,分析"小姐"称谓语的历史演化、语用特点以及交际功能.     

Role of "meaningfulness" versus meaning dimensions in guessing the meanings of foreign words.

Ss guess the meanings of foreign words best when asked to match members of English and foreign antonym pairs. The present study tests the necessity for the word pairs to be antonyms. 394 Ss, comprising 4 groups, guessed the meanings of Chinese and Hindi words under 2 conditions. 2 groups received Chinese or Hindi antonym pairs along with English counterparts. The other groups received the same words but in nonantonym pairs. Results indicate significant departure from chance for all groups but no differences between groups. The interpretation is that a meaningful stimulus rather than a meaning dimension is of importance in a clear demonstration of the phenomenon. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The role of language in the development of the self III: The significance of pronouns.

The present essay traces the development of personal pronouns, especially the first person pronouns, as an important aspect of the acquisition of language (discussed in Part I) and its implication for the understanding of the nature and functioning of the self. The use of pronouns is analyzed as a special case of the complex relationship of thought and word. The antecedent preverbal development of the capacity for thinking in relation to the acquisition of the capacity to express thoughts in suitable words (in Part II) comes into play with specific reference to the self in the use of first person pronouns. Thus the thought content of the self concept precedes the emergence of the pronoun that specifies, concretizes, and names the subjective self. This perspective opposes concepts of thought-word connection that admit the existence of the self only in the process of naming or as a byproduct of interlocutary exchange. The self is able not only to name itself as an autonomous and independent entity, but can synonymously identify itself as participant in dialogue with other I's who are named you. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)