糖尿病患者各年龄段对比健康人群在脑血管病变的经颅多普勒超声分析

目的：探究分析糖尿病患者各年龄段对比健康人群在脑血管病变的经颅多普勒超声检查的差异性及其临床诊断价值。方法：随机选取我院2014年3月至2016年3月接受检查的160例患者为研究对象,等量分为对照组与观察组,80例糖尿病患者作为观察组,80例未患糖尿病患者作为对照组,两组患者均进行经颅多普勒超声检查,观察两组患者检查结果异常率,并进行对比分析。结果：在观察组患者中,18例患者为脑供血不足,18例患者为脑动脉硬化,17例患者为脑动脉狭窄,11例患者为脑血管痉挛,检查异常率为80%。在对照组患者中。未发现脑供血不足患者,4例患者为脑动脉狭窄,6例患者为脑动脉硬化,5例患者为脑血管痉挛,检查异常率为18.75%。观察组的经颅多普勒超声检查异常率明显高于对照组,两组数据差异显著（P＜0.05）,具有统计学意义。结论：糖尿病患者各年龄段对比健康人群在脑血管病变的经颅多普勒超声检查差异性显著,可以为糖尿病患者诊断提供工作提供有效依据。     

妇产科超声联合检查方式与图像效果探讨

目的：分析与探讨妇产科超声联合检查方式与图像效果。方法：选择在我院妇产科接受诊疗的4例典型患者,对其分别进行经腹超声检查及经阴道超声检查,并将检查结果进行对比。结果：经阴道超声检查可使子宫及附件处于常规位置,从而获得详细信息,但图像视窗具有局限性。经腹超声操作简单,能够为检查提供广泛的视野,但患者膀胱需足够充盈。结论：经腹超声与经阴道超声各具优势,妇产科临床中应结合两种超声超声检查结果进行综合诊断。     

灰阶超声造影对肝肿瘤21例诊断的临床应用

目的：探讨灰阶超声造影在肝肿瘤诊断上的临床应用价值。方法：选取我院2013年1月至2015年1月收治的21例肝肿瘤患者,采用SonoVue造影剂进行灰阶超声造影检查,并且和二维超声、彩色多普勒超声造影检查比较分析。结果：灰阶超声造影准确定性了19例患者,彩色多普勒超声为12例,常规超声为10例,准确定性率依次为90.5%、57.1%、47.6%。结论：二代造影剂SonoVu e能够持续观察病灶内部的血流灌注状况,与增强MRI和增强CT的检查原理以及判断标准相一致,在超声诊断肝肿瘤患者上具有新型性和实用性。     

超声检查诊断子宫腺肌病的临床价值

目的探讨超声检查诊断子宫腺肌病的临床价值。方法对120例疑为子宫腺肌病的患者行术前经腹部或经阴道超声检查,术后组织送病理学检查确诊,并与之对照。结论经腹部超声与经阴道超声联合对子宫腺肌症的诊断具有较高的价值。     

经腹与经会阴超声联合对前置胎盘的诊断价值

目的探讨联合经腹与经会阴超声诊断前置胎盘的价值。方法对临床怀疑前置胎盘的孕妇行经腹与经会阴联合超声检查,并与分娩所见对照。结果经腹诊断负荷率明显低于经腹与经会阴联合检查(P<0.05)。结论经腹和经会阴超声联合可提高前置胎盘的诊断符合率。     

直肠超声在妇科临床中的应用价值

目的探讨直肠超声在妇科临床中的应用价值。方法选取我院经腹超声进行检查后,再进行直肠检查的患者,经过2次诊断后,结果均经手术后病理或临床随访进行验证。结果临床上对于不适合经腹超声(TAS)、经阴道超声(TVS)的患者应用直肠超声(TRS)能获得较好的结果。结论直肠超声可弥补腹部超声和阴道超声的不足,值得广泛推广。     

颈动脉超声和运动平板试验与冠状动脉造影的相关性

目的探讨颈动脉超声、运动平板试验与冠状动脉造影(CAG)的相关性。方法研究对象经CAG分为冠心病组和非冠心病组,超声观察颈动脉IMT及运动平板试验结果,与CAG结果对照。结果非冠心病组、冠心病不同分支病变组患者颈动脉IMT和冠状动脉记分随CAG严重程度的增加显著增加(P<0.05或<0.01),颈动脉IMT对冠心病诊断有较高的敏感性、特异性和Kappa值;运动平板试验结果对冠心病诊断有较高的敏感性、特异性和Kappa值。结论颈动脉超声和运动平板试验是冠心病诊断的一项重要的辅助检查手段。     

泌尿系结石的超声诊断分析

目的阐述泌尿系结石的超声诊断。方法超声检查选用IU22彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,腹部超声(经阴道或经直肠超声扫查诊断效果更好),体外检查时取俯、侧、仰卧位[1],凸阵探头,频率取3.5MHZ,(腔内检查采用阴道超声探头,频率5.0～7.5MHz,取膀胱截石位,膀胱适度充盈,探头涂耦合剂,戴上安全套,再涂耦合剂,置入阴道或直肠)膀胱适度充盈,多方位进行扫查。重点扫查两侧肾脏纵切面及冠状切面,观察双肾实质,肾盂及输尿管上段及膀胱,如发现肾盂扩张,沿扩张肾盂和输尿管向下追踪输尿管,在耻骨联合上进行纵、横、斜多方位扫查。可以通过充盈膀胱使输尿管膀胱壁内段的结石显示。发现结石后测量部位、大小、数量以及后方的情况,切记观察肾窦及输尿管有无扩张。结果利用超声检查可对泌尿系结石做出准确诊断[2]。讨论超声诊断相对其他检查手段经济、准确,方便对人体无损害,并且可以动态实时进行多切面连续检查,所以超声检查对泌尿系结石较高的诊断价值。     

超声诊断在93例急性阑尾炎的临床分析

在外科,急性阑尾炎属于最为常见的一种急腹症,行阑尾超声正常检查通常显示比较难。随着医学技术的发展,超声检查的广泛应用及超声技术的逐渐提高,尤其是高频探头在医院中的广泛应用,超声检查为急性阑尾炎的诊断和鉴别诊断提供更多重要的诊断信息。笔者现就我院2008年1月至2010年2月临床拟诊为急性阑尾炎经超声检查的93例患者资料作回顾性分析,以便探究超声在诊断急性阑尾炎中的价值。     

经腹超声对异位妊娠的诊断分析

目的通过经腹超声对异位妊娠图像的特征性分析,为临床提供可靠的依据。方法取我院2007年以来应用超声诊断的53例异位妊娠,将术前超声诊断与术后病理诊断对比分析评估诊断效果。结果53例超声诊断异位妊娠患者经手术后确诊48例,符合率为90.6%,误诊5例误诊率为9.4%。结论经腹超声对异位妊娠的检查,具有特征性,简便、直观、敏感性高、无损伤等优点,是诊断异位妊娠的理想方法,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.