我国可再生能源产业发展前景研究

阐述了我国发展可再生能源的必要性和现实意义，概述了国家对发展可再生能源的立场及支持其发展所实施的宏观政策、对外开放政策、经济政策及一些可再生能源工程；还就我国发展可再生能源的物质基础及其市场需求情况进行了分析，指出可再生能源产业在我国具有良好的发展前景。     

美国促进可再生能源发展的政策和实践--赴美考察调研报道

福建省可再生能源政策调研组一行4人，对美国促进可再生能源发展的政策和实践，包括政策支持与可再生能源发展相关性、可再生能源发电配额制(RPS)、购电法制度、可再生能源上网电价等方面进行较深入调查了解，并结合福建实际，对推动风电规模化发展的政策支持提出3条建议。     

典型国家可再生能源政策演变研究

选取美国、德国、日本和中国作为典型国家,分析这些国家可再生能源政策的演化。分析结果表明：可再生能源政策取向与这些国家应对气候变化的战略密切相关,发展可再生能源已经成为能源低碳转型和应对全球气候变化的重大战略举措;尽管这些国家可再生能源政策各异,但却具有共同的演变规律,可再生能源政策正在从以政府主导的财税价格政策转向市场化政策体系。结合典型国家政策体系和我国可再生能源发展中存在的问题,提出了促进我国可再生能源持续健康发展的政策建议。     

丹麦能源发展及对我国的启示

5月10-16日，国家发展改革委可再生能源和能源效率代表团一行17人对丹麦进行了为期一周的工作访问。期间，代表团走访了丹麦外交部、能源局和部分企业，与丹麦政府联合举办了中丹可再生能源和能源效率研讨会，参加了中丹能源企业家论坛，对丹麦能源政策和技术进行了考察学习。丹麦能源发展及政策将对我国能源发展起到一定的借鉴作用。     

全球及我国能源供应中的可再生能源

介绍了全球可再生能源发展情况，包括可再生能源在能源供应中的现状及其展望,并与中国可再生能源发展情况进行了比较分析，可供可再生能源规划和政策研究部门参考。     

美国新能源政策现拐点？

美国能源部停止对可再生能源设施贷款担保，释放了美国对可再生能源政策调整的信号，美国发展新能源转向了吗？     

全面贯彻落实科学发展观加快生物质能的开发利用——在2006年8月19日全国生物质能开发利用工作会议上的讲话摘要

十届全国人大第四次会议通过了《国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》，确定了可再生能源的发展目标，并提出要实行优惠的财税、投资政策和强制性市场份额政策，鼓励生产与消费可再生能源，提高可再生能源在一次能源消费中的比重。生物质能是重要的可再生能源，开发利用生物质能是增加能源供应、保护环境、实现可持续发展的重要措施。     

吸取国际经验探讨中国可再生能源电力强制性市场份额政策

我国可再生能源电力新政策的制定要以政策目标为核心。政策目标的确定，不但应结合国家的经济和能源发展需要，而且要适应可再生能源发电技术的发展规律。在今后二十年内，我国发展可再生电力将作为解决农村供能、特别是边远地区供电的主要手段，是     

福建省可再生能源强制性配额政策框架与实施方案的初步研究

福建省具有丰富的可再生能源资源，具有一定的产业发展基础，但是福建的可再生能源发展还存在一些问题，需要建立新的发展政策框架。首先选择强制性配额政策作为政策框架的核心，以强制性手段明确未来的发展目标；其次，制定明确的政策实施方案，包括引入市场机制、价格分摊机制以及实施减免税等措施，降低生产成本，减少可再生能源的上网障碍和价格分摊的难度。     

世界典型国家可再生能源政策比较分析及对我国的启示

本文回顾了美国、加拿大、德国、英国、丹麦、日本、巴西、印度和中国等典型国家的可再生能源发展历程,系统地介绍了这些国家的可再生能源激励政策,比较分析了各国政策的实施经验,以期为我国可再生能源政策的进一步完善提供决策参考。     

国际上鼓励可再生能源发电制度的利弊分析

由于矿物能源资源的有限性和全球环境压力的增加，世界上许多国家都提高了对可再生能源重要性的认识，出台了不少新的政策和措施。我国政府近些年来一直积极探索以强制性手段保障可再生能源发展的有效机制，文中对世界各国的可再生能源政策体制和实践进行了系统的综述和利弊分析。     

Interactions between renewable energy policy and renewable energy industrial policy: A critical analysis of China's policy approach to renewable energies

This paper analyzes China's policy approach to renewable energies and assesses how effectively China has met the ideal of appropriate interactions between renewable energy policy and renewable energy industrial policy. First we briefly discuss the interactions between these two policies. Then we outline China's key renewable energy and renewable industrial policies and find that China's government has well recognized the need for this policy interaction. After that, we study the achievements and problems in China's wind and solar PV sector during 2005–2012 and argue that China's policy approach to renewable energies has placed priority first on developing a renewable energy manufacturing industry and only second on renewable energy itself, and it has not effectively met the ideal of appropriate interactions between renewable energy policy and renewable energy industrial policy. Lastly, we make an in-depth analysis of the three ideas underlying this policy approach, that is, the green development idea, the low-carbon leadership idea and indigenous innovation idea. We conclude that Chinas' policy approach to renewable energies needs to enhance the interactions between renewable energy policy and renewable energy industrial policy. The paper contributes to a deeper understanding of China's policy strategy toward renewable energies.     

高油价下的亚太国家能源政策

国际市场油价不断攀升,对亚太发展中国家经济增长带来巨大影响和挑战。许多国家都采取各种措施,积极应对,调整和制定能源政策,通过改善提高能源利用效率,鼓励开发利用可再生能源,积极开展区域合作,优化资源配置,降低对石油资源的依赖,保障能源安全。本文分析了当前油价对经济发展的影响,介绍了部分亚太国家应对油价上涨的能源政策,指出保障能源安全,实现可持续发展是亚太国家能源政策的唯一选择。     

Renewable electricity in Sweden: an analysis of policy and regulations

This study aims to analyse the developments in renewable energy policy making in Sweden. It assesses the energy policy context, changes in the choice of policy instruments, and provides explanations behind policy successes and failures. Swedish renewable energy policy has been developing in a context of uncertainty around nuclear issues. While there has been made a political decision to replace nuclear power with renewables, there is a lack of consensus about the pace of phasing out nuclear power due to perceived negative impacts on industrial competitiveness. Such uncertainty had an effect in the formulation of renewable energy policy. Biomass and wind power are the main options for renewable electricity production. Throughout 1990s, the combined effect of different policy instruments has stimulated the growth of these two renewable sources. Yet, both biomass and wind power are still a minor contributor in the total electricity generation. Lack of strong government commitment due to uncertainty around nuclear issues is a crucial factor. Short-term subsidies have been preferred rather than open-ended subsidy mechanisms, causing intervals without subsidies and interruption to development. Other factors are such as lack of incentives from the major electricity companies and administrative obstacles. The taxation system has been successful in fostering an expansion of biomass for heating but hindered a similar development in the electricity sector. The quota system adopted in 2003 is expected to create high demand on biomass but does not favour wind power. The renewable energy aims are unlikely to be changed. Yet, the future development of renewable energy policies especially for high-cost technologies will again depend strongly on nuclear policies, which are still unstable and might affect the pace of renewable energy development.     

Renewable energy options: What could developing countries expect from them?

In order to make a realistic assessment of the energy alternatives for the developing world, the present conditions of the developing region, consisting of Africa and Asia (excluding South Africa, Japan and China), are studied first. Highlights include: low commercial energy consumption (0.2 kW/cap), heavy dependence on oil and noncommercial energy, and especially poor conditions of the rural energy supply.Since fossil fuels need to be conserved and nuclear energy is not an option for many of the developing countries, what renewable options could bring is evaluated in detail. Socio-techno-economic parameters for developing and employing renewable energy sources are identified for biogas, wood plantation, solar, and hydropower. The study concludes that the developing countries could obtain 35% of the energy in 2030 with the low-demand scenario of 0.9 kW/cap. However, with the high-demand scenario of 1.4 kW/cap, active policies in nuclear energy and fossil fuels as well would be required.     

Issues related to rural electrification using renewable energy in developing countries of Asia and Pacific

Renewable energy (RE) systems represent the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective means of providing electricity to those living in rural communities or regions in developing countries, however, this has been relatively slow and in many countries the proportion of the rural population supplied with electricity remains low and the proportion supplied with electricity from renewable energy systems is even lower. To understand the causes of this slow progress, a literatures review on renewable rural electrification programs was undertaken. The review suggested a need for better coordination at the national level between those institutions involved in the development and implementation of these programs. This paper compiles and analyse the issues associated with rural electrification in developing countries in Asia and the Pacific. Two case studies of programs are presented, one in Bangladesh and the other in Fiji. Based on the literature review and these two case studies, comments are provided on the policies and strategies required for renewable energy based rural electrification programs.     

Financing investments in renewable energy : the impacts of policy design

The costs of electric power projects utilizing renewable energy technologies (RETs) are highly sensitive to financing terms. Consequently, as the electricity industry is restructured and new renewables policies are created, it is important for policymakers to consider the impacts of renewables policy design on RET financing. This paper reviews the power plant financing process for renewable energy projects, estimates the impact of financing terms on levelized energy costs, and provides insights to policymakers on the important nexus between renewables policy design and financing. We review five case studies of renewable energy policies, and find that one of the key reasons that RET policies are not more effective is that project development and financing processes are frequently ignored or misunderstood when designing and implementing renewable energy policies. The case studies specifically show that policies that do not provide long-term stability or that have negative secondary impacts on investment decisions will increase financing costs, sometimes dramatically reducing the effectiveness of the program. Within U.S. electricity restructuring proceedings, new renewable energy policies are being created, and restructuring itself is changing the way RETs are financed. As these new policies are created and implemented, it is essential that policymakers acknowledge the financing difficulties faced by renewables developers and pay special attention to the impacts of renewables policy design on financing. As shown in this paper, a renewables policy that is carefully designed can reduce renewable energy costs dramatically by providing revenue certainty that will, in turn, reduce financing risk premiums.     

Study on sustainable development of rural household energy in northern China

The status of rural household energy consumption plays an important role in farmers’ daily life, especially in developing countries or regions. Here, we review the evolution of the rural household energy consumption structure in northern China from 1996 to 2005. Studies indicate that the proportion of straw, firewood, and coal consumption in total energy consumption have remained at 88.8–91.0%, whereas the proportion of high-quality commercial energy and modern renewable energy is still very low. The main challenges for the sustainable development of rural household energy supply are an unreasonable energy consumption structure, low-energy efficiency, serious environmental degradation, a large gap in energy supply among regions, and difficulty in developing renewable energy. We suggest some countermeasures to overcome the obstacles involved in the sustainable development of rural household energy in northern China, from energy sources to sociopolitical policies.     

Drivers for renewable energy: A comparison among OECD countries

The difference in the shares of renewable energy in total primary energy supply among OECD countries is immense. We attempt to identify some key factors that may have driven this difference for renewable energy in general and bioenergy in particular. We found that besides country-specific factors, gross national product (GDP) and renewable energy and bioenergy market deployment policies have significant and positive impacts on the per capita supply of both renewable energy and bioenergy in OECD countries. R&D expenditures, energy prices, CO₂ emissions, and other energy policies are statistically insignificant in terms of their impact on renewable energy and bioenergy supply. However, this does not necessarily mean that they are not potential drivers for renewable energy and bioenergy, but rather suggests that their magnitudes have not been big enough to significantly influence energy supply based on the historical data from 1994 to 2003. These findings lead to useful policy implications for countries attempting to promote renewable energy and bioenergy development.