基于儿童用药安全的智能包装设计现状研究

目的 针对目前我国儿童药品包装安全设计缺乏且粗放生产的现状,利用智能包装技术提升儿童用药安全的功能,为我国儿童药品包装智能化高质量发展提供新的思路和方法。方法 从儿童药品使用过程出发,对家长与儿童的一系列行为进行拆解,提炼可能会发生的安全隐患,探讨儿童药品智能包装的安全功能设计与实现方式。结果 通过分析现有儿童常用药——布洛芬混悬液包装的使用痛点,提出以精准划分为主的安全智能包装改良方案。结论 儿童药品包装以安全需求为导向,对家长与儿童的行为心理进行拆解并提炼出具体的安全需求,再借助智能包装的技术提升安全功能设计,从而更好地保护儿童身心健康。     

基于用户需求的小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒包装设计

目的 提升小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒药品包装的功能性和实用性,满足用户(家长和儿童)的实际需求,为我国儿童OTC药品包装设计提供新的思路和方法。方法 通过问卷调查及群众访谈,深入了解当前用户对儿童OTC药品包装的具体需求。其次,依据用户需求制定儿童OTC药品包装设计方案,并以小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒为例进行设计实践。结果 针对具体的用户需求,提出儿童OTC药品包装设计可以通过安全性、便利性和互动性3个方面来实现。结论 以用户需求为核心的小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒药品包装可以解决现阶段包装信息传达不明确、内袋剂量划分不精准、无法缓解儿童不良情绪、遗漏或重复喂药等问题,为儿童OTC药品包装的发展方向提供有力的实践依据。     

学龄前儿童合作行为养成系统游戏化设计研究

目的 当前儿童合作行为主动发生及持续发生率较低,通过产品设计促进儿童合作行为养成。方法 通过观察、深入访谈和问卷调研的方式分别对儿童、教师和家长进行需求调研,结合儿童发展心理学总结出学龄前儿童合作行为养成难点并提出解决策略;对行为养成相关产品进行市场调研,产生设计定位,结合机制元素和组建元素调研排序结果,进行游戏化设计实现;通过八角行为分析法框架对产品信息架构进行分析及优化,进而进行产品UI界面设计和学龄前儿童课堂交互机器人设计。结果 构建了基于DMC的游戏化设计流程,完成了学龄前儿童合作行为养成系统游戏化设计,得到被测试者认可。结论 将设计方案进行用户测试并针对评价结果提出优化方案,验证了基于DMC的游戏化设计流程在学龄前儿童合作行为养成系统设计中的可行性和有效性。     

抑郁症药品包装的情感化设计研究

目的 探讨情感化设计在抑郁症药品包装中的运用,并分析抑郁症药品包装的情感化设计对于患者的意义与价值。方法 采用案例分析法,以情感化设计理论为出发点,从本能层、行为层、反思层三个层面对抑郁症患者的情感需求做出具体分析,并针对患者对药品包装的需求进行抑郁症药品包装的情感化设计方法分析。结论 抑郁症药品包装的情感化设计具有较高的社会价值,可以满足患者对药品包装的情感需求,并且对病情的康复起到一定的潜移默化作用。因此,站在抑郁症患者的角度来看,具有情感化的包装设计也是一味良药,设计师要转变和更新设计思路,以情感化设计理论为基点,从包装定位、图形、色彩和结构设计等方面深入研究和创新,使得抑郁症药品包装的功能和情感价值发挥到最大化,从而给予抑郁症患者更好的用药服务。     

儿童药品包装设计中的修辞性叙事

目的 对现有儿童药品包装中所出现的问题引入修辞性叙事理论中的叙事交流模式进行分析研究。方法 以修辞性叙事为设计方法,从具体案例中研究分析文本内修辞性叙事与儿童药品包装设计的关联,挖掘实践可行性。结果 从“人”的角度出发,基于文本叙事到设计叙事的转换,发挥设计语言价值,提升儿童药品包装的表达效果和感染力,注重药品包装情感传达,给使用者留下一个深刻的用户体验。结论 将文本类的修辞性叙事理论与儿童药品包装设计相结合,为儿童药品包装设计提供新的创作思路和方法指导,借鉴叙事交流模式解读人与“物”,产品、设计者、用户之间的关系,从而创作出带有标识性、独特性的儿童类药品包装设计。儿童药品包装作为媒介承载信息向用户输出设计意图和情感,在视觉、行为交互体验中促进各要素间的信息传达,实现叙事的修辞交流。由此,探讨在儿童药品包装设计中运用修辞性叙事的设计方法,具有重要实践意义。     

交互设计在儿童药品包装中的应用

目的改善儿童药品包装设计,帮助患儿克服用药困难。方法儿童是药品消费的特殊群体,通过对患儿用药心理分析及儿童药品包装现状的研究,将以人为本的交互设计理念导入儿童药品包装设计中,分别从游戏行为交互、多感官交互和情感交互等方面提出具体的设计方法。结论在儿童药品包装中应用交互设计,能有效避免患儿产生先入为主的抵触心理,解决因其排斥用药造成的系列问题,同时也对未来儿童药品包装设计提出了参考建议。     

基于情感层级的高校文创产品移情设计策略

当前国内的高校文创产品缺乏情感属性，没有形成独特的校园品牌，存在同质化现象等问题，在高校文创发展新需要的背景下，运用以人为本的移情设计方法，寻找高校文创的设计策略。结合案例分析，运用情感层级理论，基于现有情况，提出高校文创产品设计与移情理念相结合，以重视用户情感表达、情感需求为基础展开研究；进而对高校文创产品设计进行深入讨论。在设计过程中需要以人为本，从“视觉、互动、情感”三个方面层层递进，拓宽高校文创未来创新发展思路。设计师作为移情执行者要从三大层次出发进行逐步推进，针对高校文创运用移情理念将用户对产品的描述和情感转化为明确的设计要求，提出可行性的创新设计策略。     

基于儿童认知发展的学龄前儿童APP界面交互设计研究

目的基于3～6岁学龄前儿童认知发展的生理特点与心理特点,探讨学龄前儿童APP的界面交互设计原则,旨在为此类界面交互设计提出方法论指导,从而使学龄前儿童的综合学习能力得到更好的发展。方法通过对国内外学龄前儿童APP界面交互设计理论的归纳整理与优秀APP案例的比较研究,运用学龄前儿童的视觉、听觉、触觉和运动觉的认知发展,结合皮亚杰的认知理论及儿童认知发展心理学的相关理论研究,总结出优秀的学龄前儿童APP设计策略的五个方面,并将其应用于项目实践。结论通过具体案例的设计实践,在APP界面交互设计中初步验证了关于学龄前儿童的认知发展研究的适用性,提出符合儿童认知发展特征的设计策略,满足儿童在线学习的荣誉感和成就感,从而助推学龄前儿童在线学习的积极性和注意力。     

基于服务设计的片剂药品分剂量包装包容性设计研究

目的 从药品包装研究现状与分剂量问题出发,基于服务设计方法和包容性设计原则对片剂药品分剂量包装进行研究,提升片剂药品分剂量包装的包容性。方法 面对当前片剂药品包装在分剂量服药需求下安全性、便利性、兼容性的问题,首先通过访谈法了解患者服药现状和需求;其次,运用服务设计方法中用户画像和用户旅程图工具构建各类用户模型,并挖掘接触点、痛点与机会点;最后,针对接触点进行分剂量泡罩包装的包容性设计,并运用对照测试、可用性量表和用户满意度问卷进行评估。结果 通过服务设计方法能从全流程挖掘各类片剂服药患者的分剂量需求,推导的分剂量泡罩包装设计具有较强的包容性,在满足各类患者片剂药品分剂量服药需求的同时提升其用药体验的满意度。结论 本研究能有效解决片剂药品包装的分剂量问题,同时改善各类患者的用药体验满意度,为药品包装的包容性设计发展提供了实践依据。     

儿童用品包装中的色彩与图形设计

目的分析儿童用品包装中的色彩与图形设计对儿童消费行为的影响。方法把儿童生长发育分为3个时期——幼儿期、学龄前期和少儿期,通过对这3个阶段儿童的生理、心理及认知特点进行分析,总结出各年龄段对商品包装色彩和图形的感知反应,用比较的方法对比市场中儿童用品包装的现象。结论提出了儿童用品包装中色彩和图形设计的思路与方法,主张使用民族原创设计元素,增强儿童民族意识与民族认同感,提高儿童用品包装的设计水平。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...