浓乳液模板法制备导电多孔聚氨酯复合材料

通过浓乳液模板法制备了一种孔径可控的多孔聚氨酯弹性材料,并以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为导电填料制备了压力敏感的导电多孔聚氨酯复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜分析了乳化剂含量、蓖麻油含量对多孔聚氨酯形貌的影响。结果表明,乳化剂含量越多,聚氨酯孔径越小;蓖麻油含量越多,聚氨酯孔结构越偏离球形,且得到的聚氨酯材料孔径为微米级;将酸化碳纳米管引入到体系中作为导电填料,即得到压力敏感的导电聚氨酯多孔复合材料,随碳纳米管负载含量的增加,复合材料的电阻可降低2个数量级;随着外应力的增加,聚氨酯复合材料的电阻同样可降低2个数量级。     

碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料的粘接性能

利用超声分散、酸处理以及表面活性剂分散的方法将碳纳米管分散到蓖麻油中,制备了蓖麻油型聚氨酯/碳纳米管(PUR/CNTs)复合材料,观察了该复合材料的微观结构,探讨了CNTs用量、酸处理时间以及表面活性剂的用量对复合材料粘接性能的影响。结果表明,随着蓖麻油中CNTs用量的增加,该复合材料的粘接强度不断提高,当增加到2%时,粘接强度提高84.4%;硝酸处理3 h的聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的粘接强度最大,比未酸处理的复合材料增加15%;表面活性剂分散的聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的粘接强度能得到进一步的提高。     

碳纳米管/聚氨酯功能复合材料的制备与应用

介绍了碳纳米管的处理、碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法：碳纳米管的处理方法有表面处理改性和局部活化改性2种; 碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法有物理共混法和原位聚合法。结合碳纳米管和聚氨酯的特性,综述了碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料在力学性能的增强、电子材料、智能材料、生物医学材料和节能材料等方面的应用,并对CNTs/PU复合材料未来的研究工作提出了几点意见。     

聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的研究进展

综述了溶剂型聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备方法,以及物理机械性能、电磁性能、生物相容性、耐热性和耐磨性等性能,简要介绍了水性聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其性能,并提出了聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的研究方向。     

聚氨酯／碳纳米管复合材料的研究进展

近年来,利用碳纳米管制备聚氨酯复合材料引起人们的高度重视。本文对聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的研究进展状况进行综述。概述了聚氨酯和碳纳米管的性质以及碳纳米管的改性处理方法;介绍了聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备方法,包括物理共混法和原位聚合法;讨论了碳纳米管对复合材料力学性能、电学性能、光学性能以及其他性能的影响。结果表明,碳纳米管的加入使得复合材料在上述性能方面都有不同程度的改善。最后探讨了该研究领域存在的问题及今后可能的发展方向。     

聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备与表征

采用预聚体法制备了聚氨酯/碳纳米管(PU/CNTs)复合材料,考察了该复合材料中CNTs含量对复合材料电性能、力学性能和热性能的影响及复合材料的微观结构。结果表明,碳纳米管在聚氨酯体系中能够较好地分散;扩链/交联剂对PU/CNTs复合材料的导电性能影响较大,TMP比MOCA交联的PU/CNTs复合材料导电性能好;用TMP作交联剂制备的PU/CNTs复合材料的力学性能明显低于以MOCA为扩链剂的PU/CNTs复合材料的力学性能;随着CNTs的加入,PU/CNTs复合材料储能模量和耗能模量明显增加,复合材料的阻尼性能大幅度提高。     

硅橡胶/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的结构与性能研究

研究了硅橡胶/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的形态结构和物理机械性能。利用扫描电子显微镜观测了复合材料中多壁碳纳米管的分散情况,并测试分析了复合材料的力学性能、热性能、动态力学性能。结果表明,多壁碳纳米管能够良好地分散在硅橡胶基体中,随着多壁碳纳米管用量的增加,硅橡胶/多壁碳纳米管复合材料热稳定性明显提高,且有效地提高了硅橡胶的物理机械性能。硅橡胶/多壁碳纳米管复合材料中形成了碳纳米管的某种形式网络结构,网络结构的打破与重建导致了储能模量的非线性下降。     

碳纳米管改性方法对其与聚氨酯的复合材料性能的影响

通过强酸回流、强碱球磨方法分别对碳纳米管进行了改性处理,采用溶液共混法制备了聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料。探讨了碳纳米管改性方法对复合材料的化学结构、微观形态、力学性能、热稳定性能以及导电性能的影响。结果表明,在聚氨酯基体中添加经化学改性处理的碳纳米管使复合材料的氢键增多,力学性能、热稳定性和导电性能都得到了提高。聚氨酯/强碱球磨处理碳纳米管复合材料中的氢键数目更多,综合性能也更优异,而且碳纳米管在聚氨酯基体中的分散更均匀。     

MCPA6/聚酯型PUR-T原位复合材料的制备及表征

采用阴离子原位聚合法制备了单体浇铸尼龙6(MCPA6)/聚酯型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(PUR-T)复合材料,考察了其性能及结构.力学性能测试表明,当PUR-T质量分数为1.1%时,复合材料的断裂伸长率达到214.5%,相比MCPA6提高了147%,随着PUR-T含量的增加,复合材料的缺口冲击强度逐渐提高.扫描电子显微镜观察...     

聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料在涂料中的研究进展

聚氨酯/碳纳米管(PU/CNTs)复合材料由于综合了聚氨酯材料和碳纳米管的双重优点,成为新型功能材料,具有广泛的应用前景。简要介绍了聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的3种制备方法,同时介绍了其在水性涂料、紫外光固化涂料、风电涂料、导电涂料和船舶涂料等领域的应用。     

Study on epoxy resins modified by polycarbonate polyurethanes

In this article, the structure and properties of the epoxy resin (EP) modified by polyurethane (PU) prepolymers were studied. The three types of polyurethane prepolymers, namely, polycarbonate-type PU (TPC), polyether-type PU, and polycarbonate–polyether-type PU were employed. The samples were analyzed by means of an infrared spectrometer, a differential scanning calorimeter, a scanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope, a scanning tunnel microscope, and a thermal gravimeter. The results show that the EP modified by TPC is of excellent thermal resistance and mechanical properties. Specifically, when the ratio of PU to EP is 10/100 (wt/wt), optimal properties are achieved. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 887–893, 1998     

碳纳米管分散强化PVDF复合薄膜导热性能探究

采用多巴胺（DA）和3?氨基丙基?三甲氧基硅烷（APTMS）对碳纳米管（CNTs）进行DA辅助共修饰,并用溶剂浇铸法制备具有优异热性能和力学性能的聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）复合薄膜;采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）、热常数分析仪和电子单纱强力仪等对材料的微观形貌、结晶度、导热性能和力学性能进行了表征。结果表明,经DA和APTMS共修饰后的PDA?CNTs?NH₂具有良好的分散性能;PDA?CNTs?NH₂的加入,有利于改善PVDF复合薄膜的热稳定性;与纯PVDF薄膜和PVDF/CNTs复合薄膜相比,PVDF/PDA?CNTs?NH₂复合薄膜的导热性能和力学性能显著增强,在8 %（质量分数,下同） PDA?CNTs?NH₂的填料负载下,其热导率达到0.337 9 W/（m·K）,是纯PVDF薄膜的1.78倍,其拉伸强度为52.67 MPa,是纯PVDF复合薄膜的1.36倍。     

Mechanical and electrical multifunctional poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)—multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposites

In this work, nanocomposites of poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) PHBV and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were prepared by melt blending. Mechanical, thermal, morphological, and electrical properties of the prepared PHBV/MWNT nanocomposites were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results showed MWNT effectively enhanced the crystallization and nucleation of PHBV. Dynamic thermo‐mechanical and static uniaxial mechanical tensile and compressive properties were increased by the addition of MWNT. MWNT observed in the nanocomposites using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed dimensions similar to separated nanotubes inferring a good dispersion. The presence of nanotubes in close vicinity with each other formed an interconnecting network that led to the formation of electrically conductive nanocomposites. The electrical resistance of the nanocomposites was reduced with the addition of MWNT. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

抗氧剂Irganox1010对聚氨酯弹性体老化性能的影响

通过傅里叶红外变换光谱、热分析与力学性能测试,研究了抗氧剂四(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯丙酸)季戊四醇酯(Irganox1010)对聚氨酯弹性体老化性能的影响。力学测试结果表明,150℃下老化48h后,未加抗氧剂的聚氨酯弹性体的拉伸强度与老化前相比较下降11.6%,而添加抗氧剂的聚氨酯弹性体的拉伸强度与老化前相比较没有下降。热重分析、差示扫描量热分析和红外光谱分析结果表明,抗氧剂Irganox1010能阻碍聚氨酯分子链的断裂,减缓材料的老化,因此能促进聚氨酯弹性体的抗老化性能。     

聚氨酯/层状双金属氢氧化物复合膜的制备和性能研究

利用静电纺丝设备制备了层状双金属氢氧化物(LDH)增强的聚氨酯(PU)电纺复合膜(复合膜),采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、电子万能试验机、差热式扫描分析仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TG)对PU/LDH复合膜的形貌、力学性能以及热稳定性进行了分析。研究结果表明,添加少量的LDH就能使复合膜强度有明显提高,当LDH含量为1%(质量分数)时复合膜的强度提高到16.2 MPa左右,相对电纺制备的纯PU膜,提高幅度约为217%;而PU/LDH复合膜的断裂伸长率保持了较高的水平,达到了约165%。扫描电镜(SEM)显示,加入LDH有利于电纺,所得纤维的直径有小幅度下降。WAXD分析结果表明,LDH在PU中并未形成插层结构,LDH与PU的混合类似于传统共混过程。DSC分析结果表明,LDH对PU软段的玻璃化转变温度无显著影响,但是对PU硬段的结晶有一定的促进作用。TG分析结果表明,复合电纺膜的起始分解温度相对PU电纺膜有一定程度的降低。     

Electrical conductivity and microwave absorbing properties of nickel‐coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes/poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone)s composites

Nickel‐coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Ni‐MWNT) were prepared by electroless deposition with ultrasonic vibrations. The morphologies and components were characterized by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Two types of fillers, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and Ni‐MWNT, were blended with poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone)s (PPESK) by the solution‐mixing method, respectively. The electrical conductivity and microwave absorbing properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that Ni‐MWNT/PPESK composites have relatively lower electrical resistivity values than MWNT/PPESK, and in both cases the decrease in electrical resistivity indicates a similar percolation transition behavior in the same MWNT content region. Moreover, as MWNT loading is 5 parts per hundred parts of resin (phr), Ni‐MWNT/PPESK composite has the wider frequency region (9.5–13.5 GHz) of the reflection loss (RL) less than ?10 dB and the lower minimum value of RL (?27.5 dB) compared with MWNT/PPESK. The better microwave absorption properties can be attributed to the improved dielectric and magnetic properties of the fillers. A good correlation between electrical conductivity and microwave absorption was found for MWNT/PPESK composites. In addition, tensile test and thermogravimetric analysis indicate that introducing Ni‐MWNT into PPESK is favorable for the improvement of the mechanical properties and high temperature stability of the composites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Morphological, mechanical, and electrical properties as a function of thermal bonding in electrospun nanocomposites

Poly lactic acid (PLA) was electrospun with various concentrations of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and thermal bonding was utilized as a post-processing treatment to improve the mechanical and electrical properties of the nanofibrous mats. Thermally bonded fiber-fiber junctions were observed with scanning electron microscopy. An increase in either the strength or modulus of the PLA mats both with and without MWNTs was observed; the maximum modulus and maximum strength occur at different treatment conditions. The electrical conductivity of the MWNT loaded mats showed significant improvement after treatment just below the composite melting point.     

纳米纤维素协同聚氨酯增强增韧聚乳酸的研究

以聚乳酸（PLA）为基体、聚氨酯（PU）为增韧相、纳米纤维素（NCF）为增强相,通过溶液法与熔融共混制得PLA/PU/NCF复合材料,研究了PU和NCF的含量对PLA力学性能与热稳定性的影响。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热失重分析仪、扫描电子显微镜和力学性能测试手段对PLA/PU/NCF复合材料的结构和性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明,柔顺的PU分子限制了PLA的结晶,提升了PLA基体的韧性;刚性的NCF通过氢键作用提升了PLA基体的强度;当NCF含量为3 %、PU含量为17 %时,PLA/PU/NCF复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率比纯PLA提升了12.10 %和694.91 %;高温热稳定性有了显著改善,复合材料的600 ℃残炭率为19.36 %。     

废旧聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的降解回收及再利用

采用双组分醇解剂乙二醇（EG）和丙二醇（PG）对废旧聚氨酯（PU）硬质泡沫塑料进行降解,获得了降解产物低聚物多元醇,并将其与木质素为原料制备出再生聚氨酯（r?PU）硬质泡沫塑料复合材料。利用导热系数测定仪、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等对废旧PU的降解效果和r?PU硬质泡沫复合材料的压缩强度、吸水率、导热系数、微观形貌及热稳定性等进行了分析和表征。结果表明,双组分醇解剂EG和PG质量比（m_EG：m_PG）为2：3时,废旧PU的降解效果最佳;当木质素添加量为6 %（质量分数,下同）时制备r?PU硬质泡沫复合材料的泡沫孔壁较厚且比较均匀,骨架几何构型完整,其压缩强度为185.3 kPa、导热系数为0.021 5 W/（m·K）,均能够达到国家标准要求。     

Thermal properties and stability of n‐octadecane based composites containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes

In this study, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were added to n‐octadecane at weight percentages of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and changes of thermal properties of n‐octadecane were analyzed. Structural characterization of the materials was carried out by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and optical microscope. Thermal properties of n‐octadecane and its composites were evaluated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal measurements show that the highest contribution to latent heat absorbing capacity with 18% was provided by the addition of 1.25% MWNT to n‐octadecane. The thermal properties and the thermal stability of pure n‐octadecane and its composites with MWNT were also investigated by subjecting the samples to 1440 melting‐cooling cycles. The sample with 1.25% MWNT content also showed the best thermal stability. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers