基于Inagaki模式方法分析导体内谐振特性

当应用电场积分方程或磁场积分方程对导体散射特性进行矩量法分析时,在某些离散的频率点即内谐振点上,常常出现解的不稳定或不唯一情况。为了解决这一问题,该文提出了一种新型的消除内谐振的方法。这种方法基于电场积分方程,利用Inagaki模性质有效地去除了谐振模式,获得内谐振条件下正确的导体散射特性。该方法具有概念清晰和计算简便等优点。计算结果与公开发表的文献结果以及解析解相比,一致性良好。     

SRR异向介质特性研究及其在导波结构中的应用

将SRR异向介质引入导波结构.研究表明:含有SRR异向介质的平行平板波导和矩形波导将出现无截止频率传播和单模传输频带增大的横电波和横磁波.而对于含有异向介质的非辐射介质波导和H波导,纵剖面磁(LSM)波型和纵剖面电(LSE)波型的相速度能够减慢,并且会引起功率流动的增强.另外,LSM波型和LSE波型有时会出现传播常数随频率增高而减小的异常高次模式.利用异向介质的双各向异性效应可以有效减少LSM和LSE波型的高次模漏波现象.尤其当异向介质取单负参数时,高次模漏波将可以被完全抑制.     

无线电能传输中电谐振耦合机理分析

针对在无线电能传输分析中多以磁耦合谐振技术为主,缺少对电谐振耦合机理的分析这一问题,文中根据对称性原理,提出无线电能传输机理中应该包含磁谐振耦合和电谐振耦合两种谐振耦合机理,并从电路的对偶性角度出发,给出了电谐振耦合电路模型并推导出传输功率增益的理论公式。通过对电路参数的分析得出了传输功率增益的变化规律,为无线电能传输系统的设计提供了参考。     

Dual electric and magnetic frequency tuning of coupled oscillations in a composite magnetodielectric resonator

The possibility of dual magnetic and electric tuning of resonance frequencies of the electrodynamic structure consisting of dielectric resonator and the epitaxial film of Yittrium-Iron Garnet (YIG)- lead zirconate titanate (LZT) heterostructure has been shown. The coupled electromagnetic-andspin oscillations of dielectric resonator and epitaxial YIG film were theoretically and experimentally investigated. The experiments revealed the possibility of implementing the electric frequency tuning of coupled oscillations of a composite magnetodielectric resonator. This possibility is determined by induced elastic stresses in the epitaxial YIG film. A theoretical model is proposed for calculating the frequency shift of coupled oscillations caused by the electric field applied to the piezodielectric layer. It is shown that the basic Q-factor of composite resonator and the range of electric frequency tuning of hybrid oscillations increase with the reduction of the magnetic bias field.     

Electrically tunable microwave filters based on ferromagnetic resonance in ferrite-ferroelectric bilayers

The design and analysis of a new class of electric field-tunable ferrite-ferroelectric microwave bandpass filter is discussed. The tunability is possible through magnetoelectric interactions. When the composite is subjected to an electric field, the mechanical deformation due to piezoelectric effect manifests as a magnetic field shift in the ferromagnetic resonance for the ferrite. The electrical tuning is much faster than traditional magnetic tuning and has practically zero power consumption.     

Interaction of acoustic waves with nuclear spins in solids

A review of the interactions of high-frequency acoustic waves with nuclear spins in solids is presented here. These interactions result from the modulation of internal magnetic fields and electric field gradients by the impressed acoustic wave. The acoustic technique is especially useful in investigating the coupling of nuclear spins to the lattice vibrations (phonons) of the solid, and in many ways serves to complement the technique of nuclear magnetic resonance. After a qualitative introduction, the theory of nuclear spin-phonon absorption is given, both for the general case and for the special case of dynamic electric quadrupole coupling. The techniques of direct acoustic absorption and of acoustic saturation are described, and a brief summary is given of the results obtained to date.     

Electrically and Optically Controlled Wideband Matching of Radio-Absorbing Composites to the Ambient Space

Microwave radio-absorbing metastructures are proposed that possess controlled broadband matching to the ambient space by virtue of an array of varactor-loaded chiral and annular elements in which magnetic resonance are excited. Experimentally in a rectangular waveguide and numerically in free space, it is shown that the tuning of the magnetic resonance frequency leads to a shift in the matching frequency region. The electric control of the magnetic resonance and, accordingly, the matching (25% relative tuning) is achieved by the variation in the reverse bias voltage at the varactor, and the optical control is achieved by directing a red laser pointer to a photodiode connected to the varactor in the photodiode mode.     

Magnetic resonance driven electrical impedance tomography: a simulation study

Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) is a method for reconstructing a three-dimensional image of the conductivity distribution in a target volume using magnetic resonance (MR). In MREIT, currents are applied to the volume through surface electrodes and their effects on the MR induced magnetic fields are analyzed to produce the conductance image. However, current injection through surface electrodes poses technical problems such as the limitation on the safely applicable currents. In this paper, we present a new method called magnetic resonance driven electrical impedance tomography (MRDEIT), where the magnetic resonance in each voxel is used as the applied magnetic field source, and the resultant electromagnetic field is measured through surface electrodes or radio-frequency (RF) detectors placed near the surface. Because the applied magnetic field is at the RF frequency and eddy currents are the integral components in the method, a vector wave equation for the electric field is used as the basis of the analysis instead of a quasi-static approximation. Using computer simulations, it is shown that complex permittivity images can be reconstructed using MRDEIT, but that improvements in signal detection are necessary for detecting moderate complex permittivity changes.     

内置负载开缝腔体谐振效应抑制方法研究

开缝腔体谐振特性放大了进入腔内的耦合能量,对内部电子设备构成严重威胁。文中建立内含金属 隔板、吸波体等负载的圆柱腔体模型,提出了在隔板上涂覆吸波材料以抑制谐振的新方式,研究了吸波体电磁特性 对谐振的影响。结果表明:隔板越靠近腔体前壁放置、板间距越大,对内部场影响越小,谐振点出现位置越接近空腔 固有模式;谐振点处屏蔽效能(Shielding Efficiency, SE)的提升是隔板和吸波材料综合作用的结果,隔板可迫使谐振 点迁移,吸波材料能改善谐振特性,并且涂覆磁性吸波材料性能更优;在隔板双面涂敷吸波材料抑制高次谐振效果 更好;适当增加隔板上涂覆材料厚度或提高材料相对磁导率,都能实现和全腔内壁涂覆相同的谐振抑制效果,效费 比也更高;场强分布因传播模式不同而不同,强电场区应放置电性吸波体才有效。     

New Edge-Guided Mode Isolator Using Ferromagnetic Resonance Absorption

A new edge-guided (EG) mode isolator is described in which nonreciprocal attenuation is due to the ferromagnetic resonance absorption caused by a strong dc magnetic field applied locally at the short-circuited edge of a ferrite microstrip line. From modal analysis, including the magnetic losses of ferrite substrate and the transversal variation of the internal dc magnetic field, the dominant EG mode has been proved to propagate along not only the conventional ferrite stripline but also a stripline with one edge short circuited to the ground. Dispersion relations and RF electric field distribution have been calculated numerically, and the upper limit of isolator bandwidth has been discussed with several design parameters. Based on the results, a practical EG mode resonance isolator has been successfully developed, which has more than 25 dB isolation loss and less than 1.0 dB insertion loss over a 4.0-8.0-GHZ frequency band throughout the - 10/spl deg/C-+60/spl deg/C temperature range,     

The field of a dipole enclosed in an elliptic anisotropic plasma cylinder

The boundary value problem for the field of an electric dipole enclosed in a thin elliptic anisotropic plasma cylinder with a vacuum cavity is considered. A solution to the problem is obtained and analyzed. The influence of a magnetic field and the cavity of variable size on the resonance electromagnetic field is studied in the case when the shape of the plasma cylinder’s cross section varies. The effect is compared to that observed in the case of a circular plasma cylinder.     

Specificities of the Microwave Reflection Coefficients of Magnetically Excited Chiral and Ring Conductive Elements for Separation of Magnetic and Electric Responses and Broadband Matching of Radio Absorbing Composites

Distinctive features of the resonance responses of the reflection of microwaves from conducting double and single split-ring resonators, making it possible to distinguish between the magnetic and electric responses and identify the magnetic response of elements of different shapes, are studied experimentally in a rectangular waveguide and numerically in free space. It is shown that the specificities of the frequency dependence of the magnetic response can be used for broadband matching of radio absorbing composites.     

Better breast cancer detection

X-rays go digital, computers read film, and chemicals mark tumors, but will these new technologies make it in the clinic? The imaging technologies considered for breast cancer include film-screen mammography, full field digital mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, scintimammography, thermography, electrical impedance imaging, optical imaging, electric potential measurement, positron emission tomography, novel ultrasound techniques, elastography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermoacoustic computed tomography, microwave imaging, Hall-effect imaging and magneto-mammography     

Comments on "theoretical model for an MRI radio frequency resonator"

In contrast to a previous report [Baertlein et al., ibid., vol.47, p.535 (2000)], the transverse electromagnetic resonator used in magnetic resonance imaging is shown to be similar to the high-pass "birdcage" resonator in having an electric field minimum in correspondence with the maximum of the magnetic field. The noise performance of each resonator will, in consequence, be comparable, since at high frequencies patient conductive losses are predominant     

Coupling parameters for a side-coupled ring resonator and amicrostrip line

A ring resonator side coupled to a microstrip line shows two close but distinct resonance peaks. These are identified as due to even-mode (magnetic field) and odd-mode (electric field) coupling. Equivalent circuit models for both cases have been proposed and coupling parameters are calculated using piecewise, coupled-line approximations. The calculated coupling coefficients for the two cases are compared with the experimentally-measured coupling coefficients and show very good agreement with the models used     

Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography for monitoring electric field distribution during tissue electroporation

Electroporation is a phenomenon caused by externally applied electric field of an adequate strength and duration to cells that results in the increase of cell membrane permeability to various molecules, which otherwise are deprived of transport mechanism. As accurate coverage of the tissue with a sufficiently large electric field presents one of the most important conditions for successful electroporation, applications based on electroporation would greatly benefit with a method of monitoring the electric field, especially if it could be done during the treatment. As the membrane electroporation is a consequence of an induced transmembrane potential which is directly proportional to the local electric field, we propose current density imaging (CDI) and magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) techniques to measure the electric field distribution during electroporation. The experimental part of the study employs CDI with short high-voltage pulses, while the theoretical part of the study is based on numerical simulations of MREIT. A good agreement between experimental and numerical results was obtained, suggesting that CDI and MREIT can be used to determine the electric field during electric pulse delivery and that both of the methods can be of significant help in planning and monitoring of future electroporation based clinical applications.     

Calculation of the spectral characteristics of an acoustic resonator containing layered multiferroic structure

Multifrequency composite acoustic resonators for bulk acoustic waves with piezoelectric and ferromagnetic layers are studied. The structures with a thick ferrite substrate layer and a thin ferrite film on a nonmagnetic dielectric substrate and multilayer structures are considered. A thin piezoelectric layer that is placed between two metal electrodes serves as a transducer. Analytical expressions for the input electric impedance of the electroacoustic transducer are derived for various structures under study in the presence of the transverse control magnetic field. The amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics of the cavity are numerically calculated. The resonance frequency can be controlled in the interval ±1.2 MHz (about 25% of the intermode distance) due to variations in the magnetic field.     

Peripheral nerve stimulation by gradient switching fields in magnetic resonance imaging

A heterogeneous model of the human body and the scalar potential finite difference method are used to compute electric fields induced in tissue by magnetic field exposures. Two types of coils are considered that simulate exposure to gradient switching fields during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These coils producing coronal (y axis) and axial (z axis) magnetic fields have previously been used in experiments with humans.The computed fields can, therefore, be directly compared to human response data. The computed electric fields in subcutaneous fat and skin corresponding to peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) thresholds in humans in simulated MRI experiments range from 3.8 to 5.8 V/m for the fields exceeded in 0.5% of tissue volume (skin and fat of the torso). The threshold depends on coil type and position along the body, and on the anatomy and resolution of the human body model. The computed values are in agreement with previously established thresholds for neural stimulation.     

Circularly Polarized Microwave Cavity Filters

A new group of circularly polarized microwave cavity filters is described. With a single circularly polarized cavity, a reflectionless filter is achieved that couples nearly 100 per cent of the energy from the main waveguide at the cavity resonant frequency. Two degenerate cavity modes may be excited, to produce a circularly polarized field, by coupling to the transverse and longitudinal waveguide magnetic fields or to the transverse electric and magnetic waveguide fields. A theoretical analysis is presented as well as experimental results. The loss between the band-pass terminals of the reflectionless circularly polarized filter is identical with the loss in a conventional reflectiontype band-pass filter with the same bandwidth and cavity-wall losses. The null at resonance between the band-elimination terminals of the reflectionless circularly polarized filter is limited only by the asymmetries of the cavity and not by the cavity-wall losses. Design equations and curves are given for eight of the lower order, circularly cylindrical, degenerate cavity modes that are coupled to a rectangular waveguide at the point of circularly polarized waveguide magnetic fields.     

Spatial-correlation functions of fields and energy density in areverberation chamber

A plane-wave integral representation is used to derive spatial-correlation functions for the complex electric and magnetic field components, and the results agree with previously published results derived by volume averaging of a mode sum. Results are also presented for the correlation functions of squared electric and magnetic field components and electric, magnetic, and total energy densities. The theory for the spatial correlation function of the squared transverse electric field is shown to agree well with published measurements of the power received by transverse monopole antennas