制革废水处理厂及下游综合污水厂升级改造探究

对某制革废水处理厂和下游综合污水处理厂的进出水水质和沿程工艺段进行采样分析,得出制革废水处理厂出水NH3-N和TN平均浓度分别为77. 32、160. 93 mg/L,综合污水处理厂出水COD平均浓度为106. 8 mg/L,其中大部分是难降解COD,出水TN平均浓度为89. 93 mg/L,出水COD和TN是影响污水处理厂出水达标排放的主要指标。在小试中投加500 mg/L葡萄糖(以COD浓度计)时脱氮效果明显增强,综合污水处理厂出水TN浓度可稳定在15 mg/L以下。利用臭氧、活性焦和四相催化氧化深度处理综合污水处理厂二级出水,发现臭氧对COD基本没有去除效果,活性焦和四相催化氧化都能使COD浓度降至50 mg/L以下,但四相催化氧化去除单位COD的成本约是活性焦的29%、再生活性焦的49%。     

接触氧化/厌氧氨氧化/微波工艺处理垃圾渗滤液

采用生物处理/厌氧氨氧化/物化处理组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液,系统能稳定运行且对污染物的去除效果较好.组合工艺对垃圾渗滤液中COD的平均去除率为94.97％,出水COD平均为47.5 mg/L;对NH3 -N的平均去除率为98.53％,出水NH3 -N平均为14.62 mg/L;对TN的平均去除率为98.23％,出水TN平均为21.3 mg/L;对TP的平均去除率为69.82％,出水TP平均为2.22 mg/L.渗滤液出水COD、NH3-N、TN、TP浓度均满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)的一级标准.     

倒置A~2/O工艺处理城镇河道污水的效能研究

采用连续流的倒置A2/O工艺处理深圳市布吉河水,考察了对COD、NH4+-N、TN、TP的去除效果,以便为新建污水处理厂提供技术参数。结果表明,在总水力停留时间为11 h的条件下,即使在冬季对布吉河水中的污染物仍有良好的去除效果。当进水COD为160～322 mg/L、TN为25.5～64.3 mg/L、TP为2.85～3.96 mg/L、NH 4+-N为24.0～60.2 mg/L时,出水COD为27～63 mg/L、TN为6.46～35.2 mg/L、TP为1.24～2.0 mg/L、NH 4+-N为0.25～29.23 mg/L,平均去除率分别达到82.5%、65.7%、50.1%、88.7%。为进一步降低出水的TP浓度,进行了混凝强化除磷试验。当聚合氯化铝的投量为60 mg/L时,经混凝后出水TP降至0.09～0.48 mg/L,平均为0.32 mg/L,达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级A标准。     

DO对A/O同步脱氮除磷工艺的影响研究

采用A/O同步脱氮除磷工艺处理模拟城市污水,考察了好氧段DO浓度对该工艺处理效果的影响.结果表明,好氧段DO浓度对系统脱氮除磷效果的影响显著,当DO控制在1.5mg/L左右时,系统的处理效果最佳,可实现同步硝化反硝化和反硝化除磷,对NH4+-N、TN、TP、COD的去除率分别为99.12%、94.61%、92.85%、96.10%,平均出水NH4+-N、TN、TP、COD分别为0.25、0.68、0.5和10 mg/L.     

单个农户灰水的生态处理工艺设计与运行

设计并构建了一套针对单个农户灰水的生态处理工艺,在水力负荷为0.2 m3/(m2·d)的工况下,对工艺进出水的COD、TN、NH+4-N、TP、阴离子表面活性剂(LAS)等指标进行了一年多的连续监测。结果表明,灰水的COD和LAS浓度偏高,分别为(120~480)、(500~600)mg/L;经生态工艺处理后,出水TN、NH+4-N和TP浓度能达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级A标准,出水COD浓度能达到二级标准,出水LAS浓度可降至120~150mg/L,对LAS、TP、COD、TN、NH+4-N的平均去除率分别为75%、46%、61%、53%、61%。该工艺构造简单、运行成本低、常年景观性好,具有较好的应用前景。     

厌氧/吹脱/SBBR工艺处理城市污泥压滤废水

介绍了厌氧/吹脱/SBBR组合工艺在处理高氨氮城市污泥压滤废水中的应用。实践结果表明,该工艺处理效果稳定,在进水COD浓度为1 500~3 000 mg/L、NH3-N浓度为450~600 mg/L时,对COD的去除率最高可达95%,对NH3-N的去除率可高达99%,出水COD浓度为100~150 mg/L,氨氮浓度为1.5~5.0 mg/L,出水水质满足附近污水处理厂接收标准。     

除油/生物处理/混凝沉淀工艺处理焦化废水

采用除油／生物处理／混凝沉淀工艺处理焦化废水，经过近一年的实际运行表明，该工艺在进水COD浓度为1500～7000mg／L、NH3-N浓度为300～3000mg／L的条件下，对COD去除率〉95％、出水NH3-N稳定在10mg／L以下（去除率〉98％），出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）的一级标准。     

水解-硝化反硝化二级SBR工艺处理明胶生产废水

采用厌氧水解-硝化反硝化二级SBR工艺处理明胶生产废水.结果表明,在进水COD为1 000～1 400 mg/L、TN为117～147 mg/L的情况下,该工艺降解COD及脱氮效果良好;系统出水COD＜100 mg/L,达到了《污水综合排放标准》（GB 8978-1996）的一级标准;水解工艺主要完成对进水中有机氮的氨化作用,硝化反硝化SBR可将水解产生的NH3-N全部转化;系统对TN的去除率＞80%,出水TN浓度为10～35 mg/L;污泥中CaCO3的少量积累不会影响系统的处理效果及运行的稳定性.     

MBR/RO组合工艺处理LCD有机废水的中试研究

研究了膜生物反应器(MBR)与反渗透(RO)组合工艺对LCD有机废水的处理效果和运行稳定性。结果表明,在进水pH值、COD、TP、TN、NH4+-N、浊度分别为9.63、569 mg/L、1.54mg/L、98 mg/L、6.15 mg/L、2.58 NTU的条件下,系统出水pH值为6.43～7.59、COD≤14 mg/L、TP≤0.05 mg/L、TN≤1.49 mg/L、NH4+-N≤0.42 mg/L、浊度≤0.20 NTU,可达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)的Ⅳ类标准。其中,A/O生物处理单元的缺氧段对COD的降解和TN的转化起主要作用,对两者的去除率分别为67%和54%。试验期间超滤(UF)和RO单元的膜通量稳定,UF的跨膜压差和RO的运行压力分别小于7 kPa和1.3 MPa,两个膜单元运行稳定。由此说明,MBR/RO组合工艺可高效稳定地处理LCD有机废水。     

OAO工艺在镇江市新区大路污水厂的应用

镇江市新区大路污水厂采用好氧-厌氧-好氧(OAO)工艺。在进水COD、BOD、SS、NH3-N、TP浓度分别为263.00、106.00、118.00、17.00和3.25 mg/L的条件下,处理出水COD、BOD、SS、NH3-N、TP浓度分别为41.000、8.000、8.000、3.780和0.348 mg/L,出水达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准。     

优势菌强化膜生物反应器处理制药废水研究

利用膜生物反应器对泥水能高效分离的特点,将优势菌技术与膜生物反应器结合处理避孕药生产废水,并在反应条件相同的情况下,与普通膜生物反应器的处理效果进行了比较.试验结果表明,向膜生物反应器中投加优势菌后,可实现系统的稳定运行,对COD的去除率90%,出水水质达到了北京市地方标准--<水污染物排放标准>(DB 11/307-2005);同时,优势菌的投加还增强了异养微生物的活性,提高了对NH3-N的去除效率.     

Conventional and thermophilic aerobic treatability of high strength oily pet food wastewater using membrane-coupled bioreactors

Although thermophilic treatment systems have recently gained considerable interest, limited information exists on the comparative performances of membrane-coupled bioreactors (MBR) at thermophilic and conventional conditions. In this study aerobic MBRs operating at room temperature (20 degrees C) and at lower thermophilic range (45 degrees C) were investigated for the treatment of dissolved air flotation (DAF) pretreated pet food wastewater. The particular wastewater is characterized by oil and grease (O & G) concentrations as high as 6 g/L, COD of 51 g/L, BOD of 16 g/L and volatile fatty acid (VFA) of 8.3 g/L. The performances of the two systems in terms of COD, BOD and O & G removal at varying hydraulic retention time (HRT) are compared. COD removal efficiencies in the thermophilic MBR varied from 75% to 98% and remained constant at 94% in the conventional MBR. The O & G removal efficiencies were 66-86% and 98% in the thermophilic and conventional MBR, respectively. Interestingly, high concentrations of VFA were recorded, equivalent to 50-73% of total COD, in the thermophilic MBR effluent. The observed yield in the thermophilic MBR was 40% of that observed in the conventional MBR.     

Behavior of two differently radiolabelled 17alpha-ethinylestradiols continuously applied to a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor with adapted industrial activated sludge

The fate of two differently labelled radioactive forms of 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) was studied during the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process. The laboratory-scale MBR specially designed for studies with radioactive compounds was operated using a synthetic wastewater representative of the pharmaceutical industry and the activated sludge was obtained from a large-scale MBR treating pharmaceutical wastewater. By applying in MBR a concentration of 8 g/L mixed liquor solid suspension and a sludge retention time of 25 days over the whole test period (35 days), the removal performance of C-, N- and P-ranged between 80% and 95%. Balancing of radioactivity could demonstrate that real mineralization is <1%, while radioactivity mainly remained sorbed in the reactor, resulting in a removal of approximately 80%. The same metabolite pattern in the radiochromatograms for the two different labelling protocols led us to assume that the elimination pathway does not involve the removal of the ethinyl group from EE2 molecule.     

Membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment - a viable option to reduce the amount of polar pollutants discharged into surface waters?

The potential of a lab-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) to remove polar pollutants from municipal wastewater was studied for industrial and household chemicals over a period of 22 months parallel to a conventional activated sludge (CAS) treatment. For half of the compounds, such as benzotriazole, 5-tolyltriazole (5-TTri), benzothiazole-2-sulfonate and 1,6-naphthalene disulfonate (1,6-NDSA), removal by MBR was significantly better than in CAS, while no improvement was recorded for the other half (1,5-NDSA, 1,3-NDSA, 4-TTri and naphthalene-1-sulfonate). The influence of operational conditions on trace pollutant removal by MBR was studied but no significant effects were found for variation of hydraulic retention time (7h-14h) and sludge retention time (26d-102d), suggesting that the lowest values selected have already been high enough for good removal. It is shown that the seemingly inconsistent results reported here and in previous studies regarding the comparison of trace pollutant removal in MBR and CAS are highly consistent. MBR is neither superior for well degradable compounds that are already extensively degraded in CAS treatment nor for recalcitrant compounds that are not amenable to biodegradation. For most compounds of intermediate removal in CAS treatment (15-80%), among them pharmaceuticals, personal care products and industrial chemicals, the MBR is clearly superior and reduces the effluent concentration by 20-50%. Despite of this clear benefit of MBR, the effect is not pronounced enough to serve as a sole argument for employing MBR in municipal wastewater treatment.     

UASB/MBR组合工艺处理抗生素废水的研究

采用UASB/MBR组合工艺处理抗生素废水,考察了其处理效果及影响因素.结果表明,当UASB的水力停留时间(HRT)为13 h、MBR的HRT为7.5 h时,系统对COD的去除效果最好,在进水COD为1 000～9 000 mg/L的条件下,出水COD可降至199 mg/L,对COD的总去除率可达80%以上.     

Indigenous somatic coliphage removal from a real municipal wastewater by a submerged membrane bioreactor

The membrane bioreactor (MBR) features many advantages, such as its excellent effluent quality and compactness. Moreover, the MBR is well known for its disinfectant capacity. This paper investigates virus removal performance for municipal wastewater using a submerged MBR and the operational conditions affecting the virus removal using indigenous somatic coliphages (SC) as an indicator for viruses. The results revealed that the municipal wastewater acquired by the Qinghe Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, Beijing, contained an SC concentration of (2.81 ± 1.51) × 10⁴ PFU ml⁻¹, which varies seasonally due to spontaneous decay. In the MBR system, the biomass process dominates SC removal. Membrane rejection is an essential supplement of biomass process for SC removal. In this paper, the relative contributions of biomass process and membrane rejection during the start-up and steady operational periods are discussed in detail. The major factors affecting SC removal are biodegradation, membrane pore size, and gel layer formation on the membrane. During long-term experiments, it was demonstrated that high inoculated sludge concentration, long hydraulic retention time, moderate fouling layer, and non-frequent chemical cleaning are favorable for high SC removal in MBR systems.     

射流曝气MBR工艺处理城市污水的研究

传统膜生物反应器(MBR)的能耗较大、运行费用较高,为此开发了射流曝气MBR工艺。采用其处理某开发区污水,在进水COD为60～300 mg/L、氨氮为3～30 mg/L、总磷为0.8～5 mg/L、水力停留时间为2 h的条件下,出水COD、氨氮、总磷的平均值分别为25、1.27、1.66 mg/L,平均去除率分别为84%、93%、46%。反应器采用射流曝气方式,提高了氧的转移效率,大幅降低了能耗,与常规MBR相比则节能达70%。近一年的运行表明,射流曝气对膜丝的正常工作没有任何影响,其清洗周期保持不变。     

Fate of antibiotics in activated sludge followed by ultrafiltration (CAS-UF) and in a membrane bioreactor (MBR)

The fates of several macrolide, sulphonamide, and trimethoprim antibiotics contained in the raw sewage of the Tel-Aviv wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were investigated after the sewage was treated using either a full-scale conventional activated sludge (CAS) system coupled with a subsequent ultrafiltration (UF) step or a pilot membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. Antibiotics removal in the MBR system, once it achieved stable operation, was 15-42% higher than that of the CAS system. This advantage was reduced to a maximum of 20% when a UF was added to the CAS. It was hypothesized that the contribution of membrane separation (in both systems) to antibiotics removal was due either to sorption to biomass (rather than improvement in biodegradation) or to enmeshment in the membrane biofilm (since UF membrane pores are significantly larger than the contaminant molecules). Batch experiments with MBR biomass showed a markedly high potential for sorption of the tested antibiotics onto the biomass. Moreover, methanol extraction of MBR biomass released significant amounts of sorbed antibiotics. This finding implies that more attention must be devoted to the management of excess sludge.     

云南某废弃菜叶处理厂废水处理工程实例

废弃菜叶处理(破碎+厌氧产沼气)过程中产生的废水是一种污染物浓度较高、C/N偏低的废水。云南某废弃菜叶处理厂废水处理工程采用A²O²(二级O池为MBR膜池)工艺,以强化氮的脱除,保证出水TN的达标。对A²O²工艺的启动特性、运行效果及运行费用组成进行了分析。在工艺启动过程中,COD的去除效率可以稳定在70%以上;当硝化反应发生后,对NH₄⁺-N的去除率>99.5%;投加一定量的碳源后,对TN可以达到较高的去除率。稳定运行后,出水的COD、NH₄⁺-N、TN和TP分别稳定在300、10、45、5 mg/L以下,满足《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(GB/T 31962—2015)的C级标准。经测算,处理成本为27.564元/m³。     

A novel application of TPAD-MBR system to the pilot treatment of chemical synthesis-based pharmaceutical wastewater

A pilot-scale test was conducted with a two-phase anaerobic digestion (TPAD) system and a subsequential membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating chemical synthesis-based pharmaceutical wastewater. The TPAD system comprised a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket-anaerobic filter (UASBAF), working as the acidogenic and methanogenic phases, respectively. The wastewater was high in COD, varying daily between 5789 and 58,792 mg L(-1), with a wide range of pH from 4.3 to 7.2. The wastewater was pumped at a fixed flow rate of 1m(3)h(-1) through the CSTR, the UASBAF and the MBR in series, resulting in respective HRTs of 12, 55 and 5h. Almost all the COD was removed by the TPAD-MBR system, leaving a COD of around 40 mg L(-1) in the MBR effluent. The pH of the MBR effluent was found in a narrow range of 6.8-7.6, indicating that the MBR effluent can be directly discharged into natural waters. A model, built on the back propagation neural network (BPNN) theory and linear regression techniques, was developed for the simulation of TPAD-MBR system performance in the biodegradation of chemical synthesis-based pharmaceutical wastewater. The model well fitted the laboratory data, and was able to simulate the removal of COD.