熔融挤出制备官能团化FPP的物性及其对PP力学性能的影响

用熔融挤出法制备了不同接枝率的官能团化聚丙烯（FPP），并研究了FPP结晶与熔融行为，热稳定性，结晶形态与晶型及FPP加入对PP力学性能的影响，随着FPP接枝率的提高，其结晶温度，熔融温度，结晶度和热稳定性提高，熔融双峰变成单峰，FPP加入对PP强度优势影响。     

结晶／结晶共混体系PPS／PEEK中PPS的多熔融行为

用ＤＳＣ研究了熔融时间和高温退火结晶时间对聚苯硫醚和结晶性聚醚醚酮对ＰＰＳ的多熔融行为的影响。２７５℃退火结晶≤３ｈ样品呈现熔融双峰，Ｔｍｌ〈退火结晶温度（Ｔａ）〈Ｔｍ２；然而，ｔａ＝１２ｈ时，熔融双峰的峰温均高于Ｔａ和无退火结晶ＰＰＳ的熔点。ＰＥＥＫ加入对ＰＰＳ玻璃态和熔体结果 起到阻碍作用，共混物在ＰＰＳ的Ｔｍ２以上形成１个高温吸热峰，其峰温在３１０℃以上，且随ａ延长而移向高温。     

PET熔融双峰的模拟分析

依据ＤＳＣ升温过程中会同时发生熔融，重结晶，利用只有１个最大值的初始晶体熔点分布函数和结晶生长速率函数建立了ＰＥＴ的ＤＳＣ过程模型，计算了模拟ＨＯＬＤＳＷＯＲＴＨ的３组实验结果。理论曲线和实验曲线较好的吻合说明ＰＥＴ熔融双峰起因于初始晶体的熔融，重结晶和再熔融。     

多壁碳纳米管在尼龙6基体中的异相成核作用

用柔和混合法制备尼龙6/多壁碳纳米管(PA6/MWNTs)复合材料,纳米粒子的良好分散使复合材料出现熔融双峰现象。采用调幅式差示扫描量热仪(MDSC)研究了熔融双峰产生的原因和降温速率、MWNT含量对复合材料熔融行为的影响。结果表明,降温过程中,良好分散的MWNTs在基体中既起显著的异相成核作用,促进基体结晶,又限制了分子链排入晶格,抑制了晶体的生长,导致熔融双峰的出现。同时,降温速率越快,基体结晶时间越短,使低温熔融峰向低温偏移。MWNTs含量增加,异相成核作用越明显,形成的晶体越完善,使低温熔融峰向高温偏移。     

聚醚醚酮及其共混物的研究EI

综述了高性能树脂聚醚醚酮及其共混物的研究现状，讨论了聚醚醚酮的形态结构、结晶和熔融双峰行为及力学性能的研究，指出了共混物的分子结构对相容性、形态结构及力学性能的影响，说明共混使所得高分子材料的性能更多样化。     

表面修饰PET结晶性能研究

采用表面修饰技术对拉伸后的PET纤维进行修饰。研究了PET纤维在三维受限条件下的结晶行为。通过DSC结晶曲线，发现修饰后的PET纤维没有明显的冷结晶峰出现，可能是由于将修饰壁材配制成溶液进行修饰时，溶剂诱导了部分结晶，从而导致修饰后PET纤维的结晶量变少。修饰后的PET纤维均出现了熔融双峰现象，随着拉伸比的增加，双峰由低温峰增大向高温峰增大转折。     

高含量炭纤维对尼龙6多重熔融行为的影响

利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了高含量炭纤维(CF)对尼龙6(PA6)多重熔融行为的影响．在较低温度等温结晶时，纯PA6呈现四重熔融峰，而CF／PA6(CFO)复合材料则呈现三重熔融峰，高含量炭纤雏的引入有利于PA6等温结晶形成稳定的α晶型，而不形成不稳定的r^*晶型。在较高温度等温结晶时，尼龙晶体生长主要由自身决定，以r晶型为主，CF表面诱导作用的影响减弱；两样品都呈现近似相同的熔融双峰。高含量CF加入使得尼龙的相对结晶度略有增大。     

聚丙烯发泡珠粒的结晶熔融行为与发泡特性

以CO_2为发泡剂,用高压釜式法制备了发泡聚丙烯(EPP)珠粒。采用差示扫描量热仪和扫描电子显微镜探讨了发泡温度(T_f)和发泡压力(p_f)对EPP结晶熔融行为和发泡特性的影响。结果表明,分别提高发泡温度或压力,EPP的熔融双峰均向高温方向移动,低温晶体与高温晶体的结晶度之比增大,而且温度对双峰的影响比压力更敏感。p_f在2~4 MPa内,EPP的发泡倍率和泡孔密度随p_f增大而增大;T_f在133.6~140℃间,发泡倍率和泡孔尺寸随T_f升高而变大,泡孔密度随T_f升高而变小。在T_f为133.6℃,pf为4 MPa时,EPP的熔融双峰结构比例合适,发泡倍率较大,泡孔密度最大且尺寸分布均匀、表面光滑。     

增韧PA1010的力学性能及熔融与结晶行为

采用熔融共混法制备了PA1010/纳米橡胶/POE-g-MAH共混物,测试了共混材料的力学性能,用DSC法研究了熔融和结晶行为.结果表明,共混物的冲击强度显著提高,在纳米橡胶质量含量为10%时达到极大值.纳米橡胶并未降低PA1010的拉伸强度,加入POE-g-MAH后略有降低.共混物的熔融过程呈现双峰,纳米橡胶的加入提高了高温峰的熔融焓.纳米橡胶促进了共混物结晶峰向高温区移动.     

PEG-PET共聚酯纤维的晶体形态与熔融双峰

对聚乙二醇-对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEG-PET)共聚酯纤维进行了X射线衍射分析、红外分析和DSC热分析。结果表明,PEG含量增加,晶体结构更紧密,晶粒体积加大,同时折迭链含量增加,而晶区取向度稍有下降。共聚酯纤维在DSC升温谱上的熔融双峰起因于纤维中两种不同形态的微晶。熔融峰的低温峰是不完善伸直链组成的束状微晶为主的熔融峰,高温峰相应于折迭链微晶的熔融峰,     

聚醚醚酮的结晶与熔融行为研究

研究了PEEK在高于熔点的温度范围内处理时的结晶行为以及结晶后的熔融行为。发现处理时熔融的PEEK将同时发生交联与结晶,交联使未结晶的部分结晶受阻,结晶使尚存的晶片增厚,从而导致PEEK在DSC上出现对应于不同晶体结构的新的熔融双峰,并在此基础上提出了处理过程中PEEK结构变化的模型。此外,还发现处理后的PEEK的熔点,可高于目前已报导的平衡熔点。     

Multiple melting behavior of poly(epichlorohydrin) enantiomorphs

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies demonstrate that the multiple melting behavior observed in both R and S enantiomorphs of poly(epichlorohydrin), their equimolar blend and the stereoblock copolymer form follows two distinctly different patterns, depending on the crystallization conditions. Isothermal crystallization at large undercoolings results in primary crystallites which during the heating scan undergo a process of melting/recrystallization and final melting, evidenced by a triple melting peak endotherm with the shape and position of the highest melting peak strongly dependent on scanning rate. By comparison, isothermal crystallization at small undercoolings yields primary and secondary crystallized material which melts with a double peak endotherm, the shape of which depends strongly on the crystallization time, with no indication of reorganization during the scan. These melting behavior observations support previous suggestions about the role of enantiomorphism in the crystallization of the stereoblock copolymer. Characteristic slow overall rates of crystallization of poly(epichlorohydrin) make this polymer an ideal subject for the study and refinement of multiple melting in polymers.     

固相缩聚与PET的熔融性能

应用差示扫描量热法（ＤＳＣ）和广角Ｘ射线衍射（ＷＡＸＤ）研究了低温干燥高温固相缩聚ＰＥＴ的熔融行为和结晶结构。根据ＤＳＣ结果分析了固相缩聚反应温度和时间对熔融双峰的影响,得到熔点与固相缩聚反应温度有线性关系,熔点和结晶度与相缩聚反应时间的对数呈线性关系。利用ＷＡＸＤ研究了固相缩聚反应温度和时间对表观晶粒尺寸的影响。结果说明低温结晶时形成的不完善晶体在固体缩聚过程中发生部分熔融、重结晶,结晶结构趋于     

固相缩聚与PET的熔融性能

应用差示扫描量热法（ＤＳＣ）和广角Ｘ射结衍射（ＷＡＸＤ）研究了低温干燥高温固相缩聚ＰＥＴ的熔融行为和结晶结构。根据ＤＳＣ结果分析了固相缩聚反应温度和时间对熔融双峰的影响,得到熔点与固相缩聚反应温度有红性关系,熔点和结晶度与固相缩聚反应时间的对数呈线性关系。利用ＷＡＸＤ研究了固相缩聚反应温度和时间对表观晶粒尺寸的影响。结果说明低温结晶时形成的不完善晶体在固相缩聚过程中发生部分熔融、重结晶,结晶结构趋     

Isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(vinylidene fluoride) in the α-phase in the scope of the Avrami equation

Isothermal melt crystallization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) at different crystallization temperatures was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Analysis by the two different approaches of the Avrami equation was performed: first the classical double logarithmic approximation was used, but a non-linear least squares search showed to clearly improve the fit of the model to the experimental isotherms. The differences found by both methods in the Avrami parameters are discussed. The limitation of the Avrami equation in this polymer has to do not only with the fitting procedure to determine the parameters but also with the lack of a consistent physical interpretation of their temperature evolution. The melting behavior of the samples was analyzed and an equilibrium melting temperature of 190.9 °C was obtained by the Hoffmann–Weeks extrapolation. The samples crystallize in a spherulitic structure, as observed by optical microscopy with polarized light (OMPL). Lauritzen–Hoffmann theory was applied to analyze the crystallization kinetics and the Regime III was found for the crystallization of α-PVDF.     

Real-time small angle X-ray scattering study of two-stage melt crystallization of PEEK

We report a study of dual stage crystallization and subsequent melting of Poly(etherether ketone) (PEEK) and an 80/20 blend with Poly(etherimide) (PEI) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and real-time small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The treatment scheme involves annealing/crystallization at T ₁ followed by annealing/crystallization at T ₂, where either T ₁ < T ₂ or T ₁ > T ₂. The holding time during isothermal melt treatment was varied. DSC studies show there exist two endotherms when T ₁ < T ₂, and three endotherms when T ₁ > T ₂, for both PEEK and PEEK/PEI blend. Dual populations of crystals form during the first stage regardless whether T ₁ < T ₂ or T ₁ > T ₂. In the high-to-low temperature sequence, holding at the second stage causes an additional third population of crystals to grow, creating a third endotherm. As the first stage holding time increases, space available for the growth of additional crystals decreases, and the amount of crystals formed during the second stage decreases. During melting, the average long period increases while the linear stack crystallinity decreases continuously. The average crystal thickness also first increases, as the least perfect, thinnest crystals melt. Eventually, the crystal thickness levels off and begins to decline with increasing temperature. Melting of the thickest, most perfect crystals occurs most probably from the surfaces accounting for the roll-off and decrease in crystal thickness during the final stages of melting.     

Polycarbonate-linear low density polyethylene blends: Thermal and dynamic-mechanical properties

Blends of polycarbonate (PC) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) of different compositions, in the form of slabs obtained by melt extrusion, have been examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA).DSC measurements show that the melting, crystallization and glass transition temperatures of the two polymeric components in the blends are slightly affected by the composition. On the contrary, large differences are observed in the melting behaviour of layers cut at various depths, parallel to the slab surfaces of samples. This supports the occurrence of different crystal morphologies and distribution of the two components within the samples. The study of the crystallization kinetics from the melt blends shows that the crystallization processes of LLDPE are affected by the presence of PC.The dynamic mechanical analysis indicates that modulus, transitions and relaxational behaviour of the polymer components are scarcely affected by the composition. Some variations of the damping factor have been interpreted as due to the phase heterogeneity of the system, arising from the processing conditions and rheological behaviour of the blends.     

Crystallization of partially miscible linear low-density polyethylene/poly(ethylene-co-vinylacetate) blends

Miscibility and crystallization of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)/poly(ethylene-co-vinylacetate) (EVA) blends were investigated by optical microscopy (OM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that there existed liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) below 220 °C over the whole composition. However, the depression in the crystallization temperature, melting temperature and equilibrium melting temperature of LLDPE all indicated that this polymer pair was partially miscible. The crystallization and melting behavior of LLDPE were determined by the dilute effect of non-crystalline EVA and the probable co-crystallization of parts of EVA chains with LLDPE chains. The crystallization and melting behavior of EVA was determined by the competence between a nucleation effect of LLDPE crystals and partial miscibility between this polymer pair, which was different from that of LLDPE.     

Synthesis and Physical Studies of the Organic Salts of Pindolol: Pindolol Benzoate and Pindolol 2-Methoxyphenylacetate

In order to investigate the formation of organic salts of drugs, two salts of pindolol were prepared using salt-forming agents which were crystalline and suitable for physical studies in the solid state. The stoichiometry of the products, pindolol benzoate and pindolol 2-methoxyphenylacetate, was established by elemental analysis. The precipitates formed were assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), x-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD) and Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). According to the TG and DSC curves, there was no water of crystallization in the precipitates, and the products were thermally stable. Both precipitates gave one sharp melting endotherm which differed from the endotherms of the starting compounds. The x-ray dipaction pattern of the precipitates direred clearly from those of the starting materials, acid and base. The products showed absorption by FT-IR typical of carboxylic acid salts at about 1640-1540 cm^-1. The carbonyl absorption indicative of the carboxylic acid group of benzoic acid or 2-methonyphenylacetic acid was not detectable in the spectra of the precipitates. All this indicates that two new crystalline organic salts (1:1) were formed during the syntheses.