往复式轧钢机清洗机的研制

 愈来愈多的轧机使用厂家提出了对轧机专用清洗设备的需求，受一大型钢铁公司的委托，设计研制了轧机清洗机设备－－往复式轧机清洗机。介绍了往复式轧钢机清洗机的研制了开发意义和应用场合，轧钢机清洗机的总体布局和结构特点，及其工作原理和工作过程     

人变成了上帝……访深圳华阳国际工程设计有限公司董事副总经理田晓秋

“大家非常信服他，他做的一些决定，他比较在意的一些事情，大家都会努力地去做到”。     

Methodology issues in epidemiological assessment of health effects of low-dose ionising radiation

Epidemiological assessment of the health effects of exposure to low-dose ionising radiation is limited by the need for very large sample sizes and by various sources of bias that may generally affect epidemiological studies. Motivated by the present focus on low-dose effects, the following questions are examined: what are the strictly unavoidable limiting factors in the epidemiological methodology; what is its resolution limit in terms of effect size and what can be done to obtain further supportive evidence from the data?     

移动端界面图标的物感设计研究

探究移动端图标中物感设计的重要性与移动端界面图标物感设计的方法,分析什么因素创造了图标中的物感,物感对界面整体表现,带给用户怎样的心理体验及物感对移动应用品牌形象塑造散发着怎样的力量。针对不同风格移动端图标的实例进行物感分析,探究不同风格图标的物感特征,并将重点放在新拟态3D图标和玻璃拟态这两种新兴的图标风格。物感是移动端界面图标的重要组成部分,它主要由功能映射、材质模拟、肌理通感、光影质感四个方面塑造;物感不仅是形成图标风格的语汇因子,而且是移动应用品牌调性构建的重要力量,正是有了物感的存在才使图标的样式丰富多彩,并带给用户多样的使用体验。     

英语写作教学中的语言输入

文章对英语专业写作教学中的语言输入问题进行了探讨。通过问卷调查所获得的数据进行统计分析，试图了解目前英语写作教学中语言输入的现状，洞察学生对各种输入形式的期望和反馈。基于问卷统计分析的结果，提出了一些可行的输入形式。     

纵横制电话交换机计费管理系统

本文阐述了纵横制电话交换机计费管理系统的组成,交换机引出线方法,系统工作原理等。     

An optimization-based productivity improvement incentive system

Incentives and productivity improvement (PI) are intertwined. Often, we ask what incentive program should be introduced to achieve a certain level of PI, and what is its minimal cost; or conversely, for a given incentive program, what is the maximum achievable PI? Incentives can be extended to any combination of customers, management, production staff, sales staff, and delivery staff, among others. What is the share of each of these segments in the incentive program and what is the yield for such a program in terms of productivity improvement? The answers to these questions and others are the subject of this paper.

Relations between incentives of the various segments of the operation, productivity improvement, costs and earnings are determined. These relations are then used to model the problem as a nonlinear program. The solution of the model provides answers to the above questions. The solution enables us to distribute some of the extra earnings, generated from the resulting PI, among the parties contributing to productivity improvement. This method has been applied to the operation of a firm specialized in the production of ready-mixed concrete.     

试论包装污染与环境保护

从包装弃物对环境的污染，防治包装污染的意义以及怎样防治包装污染等方面进行了探讨，认为要防治包装污染，保护环境应大力发展绿色包包装，加强包装设计，包装生产和包装废话弃物回收利用等方面的管理。     

Is the water rising?

When a quantity is changing slowly it is difficult to know whetherit will continue to monotonically increase. This situation mayraise questions as to when there is a problem and what shouldbe done. Is the average level of the world's oceans rising?There is some evidence to support this contention. Is this situationa matter of concern that requires action, and what should thataction be? These are vexing questions. Ionising radiation certainly     

Women's Perceptions of the Climate in Engineering Technology Programs

A review of the literature shows that women learn and behave in ways that differ from the norm in engineering, science, and mathematics, but no research has been done specifically on women in engineering technology. In order to determine whether there is a difference between what women in engineering technology perceive as important to them and what exists in their academic programs, we conducted a survey of 100 female students from 2‐year and 4‐year schools throughout the country. Specifically, we were interested in their perceptions of competition and challenge, faculty support, recognition of their abilities, peer support, and inclusion in the program. The results showed significant differences between what was important to them and what they perceive exists in the program in all areas except competition and challenge. Differences were also found based upon demographic variables.     

A performative perspective on stability and change in organizational routines

This paper is about stability in organizational routines. Itproposes a new explanation of stability, based on mindfulnessrather than mindlessness. Traditional explanations of stability(or lack of change) in organizational routines suggest thatorganizational participants are not thinking about what theyare doing, but repeating actions that they have taken in thepast. In this paper I suggest that stability can also occurbecause organizational participants are making conscious effortsto understand what actions make sense in the context in whichthe work is being performed. The argument is that organizationalparticipants use what they understand about how the organizationoperates to guide their performances within the routine. Relevantperformances, such as the performances of supervisors, are integralto what people understand about how the organization operates.Organizational members use these understandings in choosingwhether to enact the requested change. In so doing, they createand recreate the understandings about how the organization operates.This explanation is similar to performative explanations ofchange in organizational routines, though these explanationshave focused on the effect of doing the routine on the productionand reproduction of the routine rather than the production andreproduction of understandings about how the organization operates.     

人性化设计及其在产品设计中的应用

任何设计不仅仅要重视和协调工程设计，更重要的是要以人为中心进行设计，努力通过设计活动来提高人类的生活和工作质量，设计人类的生活方式。人性化设计正是强调这种设计思想，把人的因素放在首位。     

英语话语的听辨与理解过程

语言是人类交际的工具。交际过程分两方面：表达与理解。本文拟就英语为例，对交际的第二个方面，即当声音传到听话人耳中后，听话人如何采取一系列的生理及心理对策，听辨对方发出的语音，理解领会对方言语形式所表达的内容。     

Myth and maturity: towards a new order in the decade of design

The industrial design profession has established a place for itself in a phenomenally short time. It is widely accepted as a useful service. But it is also still in the process of realizing its full potential as a service to a society going through a series of tremendous transformations.

To be human a man must understand what has been accomplished and what can be accomplished by the arts of man.     

A View on the General Practice in Engineering Failure Analysis

Analysis of engineering failures is a complex process that requires information from personnel having expertise in many areas. From the information gathered, a failure analyst tries to discover what was fundamentally responsible for the failure. This fundamental cause is termed the “root cause” and helps in the determination of the sequence of events that led to the final failure. Root cause analysis also helps in finding solutions to the immediate problem and provides valuable guidelines as to what needs to be done to prevent recurrence of similar failures in future. However, experience suggests that most failure analyses fall short of this goal. A significant number of failure analysts incorrectly use the term “root cause” when what they really establish is the primary cause of failure or simple physical cause. This paper examines a few service failures to demonstrate that the term root cause is not adequately understood.     

Innovation, Uncertainty and Relational Governance

What is relational governance (RG)? What problems is it meant to solve? Under what conditions is it effective? The question posed by the editors of this issue is a welcome occasion for reflection on a widely used but multiple meaning concept and on its virtues and limits. In particular, I shall address the question of what properties RG precisely has in governing innovation. Answering this question leads to distinguishing four types of RG with different capacities of dealing with uncertainty.     

Innovating knowledge communities

A useful level of analysis for the study of innovation may be what we call “knowledge communities”—intellectually cohesive, organic inter-organizational forms. Formal organizations like firms are excellent at promoting cooperation, but knowledge communities are superior at fostering collaboration—the most important process in innovation. Rather than focusing on what encourages performance in formal organizations, we study what characteristics encourage aggregate superior performance in informal knowledge communities in computer science. Specifically, we explore the way knowledge communities both draw on past knowledge, as seen in citations, and use rhetoric, as found in writing, to seek a basis for differential success. We find that when using knowledge successful knowledge communities draw from a broad range of sources and are extremely flexible in changing and adapting. In marked contrast, when using rhetoric successful knowledge communities tend to use very similar vocabularies and language that does not move or adapt over time and is not unique or esoteric compared to the vocabulary of other communities. A better understanding of how inter-organizational collaborative network structures encourage innovation is important to understanding what drives innovation and how to promote it.     

The 3He A-B interface

I review the experimental and theoretical situation regarding two problems connected with the transition between the superfluid A and B phases of liquid ³He, namely (1) what is the mechanism of nucleation of the strongly hypercooled first order transition between the two phases, (2) what factors govern the expansion of the stable B phase once formed, i.e. what determines the mobility of the A-B interface? It is concluded that in both cases there are a number of intriguing questions which at present remain unanswered.     

Optoelectronics — past,present, and future

Considerable progress has been made in the field of optoelectronics in the last thirty years. The two principal drivers for this progress have been the invention of the laser and low-loss optical fibres. But what is optoelectronics? Optoelectronics is more than just a marriage of electronics and optics. It represents the higher order integration of technical achievements in electronics and photonics to allow one to chose what, where, when, and how to address both old and new problems and opportunities for increasing customer satisfaction in the areas of information movement and management. I will review the progress in the field and share my insights into where the future lies. The important question no longer is if optics will replace electronics in many of the technologies underlying information movement and management; it is when and to what degree. The limitation no longer arises from the technical capabilities, it comes from economics and social values provided by the increased capabilities in communications and computers.