不锈钢表面脉冲激光镀类金刚石碳膜

介绍了利用脉冲激光在不锈钢表面镀制类金刚石碳酸的表面加工新方法，经加工后的材料表面微细硬度可达７０～１００ＧＰａ，表面摩擦系数低于０．１，可广泛用于作超硬耐磨保护涂层和表面减摩擦涂层。     

脉冲激光沉积技术制备IrO2薄膜的研究

利用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术,在Si(100)衬底上制得了导电氧化铱(IrO2)薄膜.讨论了沉积参数(O2分压、衬底温度)对IrO2薄膜的结构、表面形貌和导电性的影响.结果表明20 Pa为最佳O2分压、400℃～500℃为适宜的沉积温度,此条件下制得的IrO2薄膜结晶完整,组织均匀、形状一致,排列致密,其最低电阻率约为42μΩ·cm.     

功能梯度类金刚石薄膜的脉冲激光制备

长期以来,高质量的纯类金刚石薄膜的成功制备一直受其巨大内部压应力的阻碍,因为这种压力应力导致严重的附着问题。厚度大于５００ｎｍ的类金刚石薄膜中压应力常使薄膜与基体剥离。作者采用功能梯度的设计概念,应用准分子脉冲激光沉积方法,成功制备了厚度超过１．０μｍ的高质量类金刚石薄膜。薄膜中的ＳＰ＾３碳原子含量超过６０％。纳米硬度测试表明,薄膜的弹性模量高达５００ＧＰａ,纳米硬度高达６０ＧＰａ,薄膜与基体间附     

脉冲激光沉积类金刚石薄膜涂层研究

利用ＹＡＧ脉冲激光器的３５５ｎｍ和５３２ｎｍ波长制备类金刚石薄膜，采用电极放电法来激发激光等离子体出射簇，发现可较好地提高薄膜的红外透过率；薄膜的红外吸收谱中没有Ｃ－Ｈ吸收带，具有较好的金刚石特性；薄膜可作为红外光学元件和有机小型机械的耐磨涂层。     

强度空间分布对脉冲激光表面强化的影响

建立了包含脉冲激光强度时空分布、温度相关的材料热物性参数以及多次相变特征在内的脉冲激光表面强化三维有限元模型。温度场和强化区深度分别得到了解析解和试验验证。针对不同脉冲能量级别，研究了强度空间分布形式和光斑几何形状对表面最高温度、强化区深度以及强化区形状等的影响。结果表明，激光强度空间分布是影响强化区的重要因素。为达到理想的强化效果，应根据不同的脉冲能量选择适当的空间分布形式和光斑几何形状。     

表面纳米化钛合金与不锈钢脉冲加压扩散连接

采用高能喷丸（HESP）对TA17钛合金和0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢棒材的端面进行了表面自纳米化（SSNC）处理,在端面获得了一定厚度的纳米晶组织层。将钛合金和不锈钢的纳米化处理端面对接,在Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机上进行脉冲加压扩散连接。对接头进行了拉伸试验,并对断口和接头显微组织进行了研究分析。结果表明,接头强度高达384．0MPa,与在相同条件下获得的常规粗晶的接头强度相比,有显著的提高。接头在拉伸时发生脆性断裂,接头剖面的显微硬度随显微组织而变化。     

304不锈钢薄板脉冲激光焊焊接热过程数值分析

针对不锈钢薄板脉冲激光焊接的特点,基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,对0.5 mm厚的304不锈钢薄板脉冲激光焊接的热过程进行三维数值动态模拟.建模时采用实体单元和表面单元结合,并采用焊缝处细密、远离焊缝处粗略的不均匀网格,除了施加整体与外界的对流散热条件外,还考虑了工件与夹具之间的传导换热,分析了焊接温度场在工件上的分布规律及工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响,并据此提出了提高不锈钢薄板激光焊焊接接头质量的方案.计算结果表明,熔池的尺寸随输入能量的变化较为明显,在激光加热0.05 s后材料开始熔化,熔池呈现大幅度增长趋势;焊接速度对熔深和熔宽的影响较为显著,熔宽随焊接速度的增加而逐渐减小,熔深几乎与焊接速度成反比,当焊接速度约为0.4 m/min时,熔深为0.5mm以上,工件熔透,且深宽比可达到2∶1.计算所得熔池大小与试验结果基本吻合.     

功能梯度类金刚石薄膜的脉冲激光制备

长期以来 ,高质量的纯类金刚石薄膜的成功制备一直受其巨大内部压应力的阻碍 ,因为这种压应力导致严重的附着问题。厚度大于 50 0nm的类金刚石薄膜中的压应力常使薄膜与基体剥离。作者采用功能梯度的设计概念 ,应用准分子脉冲激光沉积方法 ,成功制备了厚度超过 1 0 μm的高质量类金刚石薄膜。薄膜中的SP3碳原子含量超过 6 0 %。纳米硬度测试表明 ,薄膜的弹性模量高达 50 0GPa ,纳米硬度高达 6 0GPa ,薄膜与基体间附着良好。证明功能梯度的设计概念可以用于制备较厚的超硬类金刚石薄膜。     

飞秒激光诱导纳米金刚石薄膜表面周期性结构的摩擦学性能研究

研究基于飞秒激光辐照方法在纳米金刚石(nano-crystalline diamond, NCD)薄膜表面制备的激光诱导周期性结构(laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS)的摩擦学行为。在空气环境下采用脉冲宽度为200 fs,中心波长为1040 nm的掺镱光子晶体光纤飞秒激光辐照NCD薄膜表面产生LIPSS。基于不同的扫描间隔制备2种LIPSS表面,即连续分布的LIPSS表面(continuously distributed LIPSS, CDL)和均匀间隔的LIPSS带状表面(evenly spaced LIPSS stripes, ESLS)。通过球盘式摩擦磨损试验机进行往复式干摩擦试验来对上述2种LIPSS表面的摩擦学性能进行表征,其中的对磨球为ZrO₂陶瓷材质。往复式摩擦试验采用了平行和垂直于LIPSS纹理的2种摩擦方向。研究结果表明:施加LIPSS后的NCD薄膜表面容屑能力得到改善,同时摩擦接触面积降低,因而相比于原始NCD薄膜,其摩擦系数明显降低;对于CDL表面,摩擦方向与LIPSS纹理垂直时的摩擦系数比纹理平行时的更高;ESLS表面的LIPSS纹理方向对摩擦系数无影响。      

X-Ray Diffraction Study of Oxide Scales Formed at High Temperatures on AISI 304 Stainless Steel After Cerium Deposition

High-resolution X-ray diffraction has been usedto characterize the structure of oxide scales grownduring oxidation at 1173 K of cerium-modified stainlesssteels. The oxide scales consist of a mixture of Fe₂O₃ andCr₂O₃, as well as spinels. Severaloxidation treatments prior to cerium deposition havebeen applied. New phases, which are cerium-related,appear, depending on the preoxidation treatment. Bycomparing these results with previous ones onlanthanum-modified AISI 304 stainless steel, somepossible explanations for the reactive-element effectare proposed.     

Development of Weld Metal Microstructures in Pulsed Laser Welding of Duplex Stainless Steel

The microstructure of the weld metal of a duplex stainless steel made with Nd:YAG pulsed laser is investigated at different travel speeds and pulse frequencies. In terms of the solidification pattern, the weld microstructure is shown to be composed of two distinct zones. The presence of two competing heat transfer channels to the relatively cooler base metal and the relatively hotter previous weld spot is proposed to develop two zones. At high overlapping factors, an array of continuous axial grains at the weld centerline is formed. At low overlapping factors, in the zone of higher cooling rate, a higher percentage of ferrite is transformed to austenite. This is shown to be because with extreme cooling rates involved in pulsed laser welding with low overlapping, the ferrite-to-austenite transformation can be limited only to the grain boundaries.     

Characteristics of Laser Beam and Friction Stir Welded AISI 409M Ferritic Stainless Steel Joints

This article presents the comparative evaluation of microstructural features and mechanical properties of friction stir welded (solid-state) and laser beam welded (high energy density fusion welding) AISI 409M grade ferritic stainless steel joints. Optical microscopy, microhardness testing, transverse tensile, and impact tests were performed. The coarse ferrite grains in the base material were changed to fine grains consisting duplex structure of ferrite and martensite due to the rapid cooling rate and high strain induced by severe plastic deformation caused by frictional stirring. On the other hand, columnar dendritic grain structure was observed in fusion zone of laser beam welded joints. Tensile testing indicates overmatching of the weld metal relative to the base metal irrespective of the welding processes used. The LBW joint exhibited superior impact toughness compared to the FSW joint.     

光电化学法研究316L不锈钢在高温水中生成氧化膜的半导体性质

采用光电化学响应法研究了316LSS在288 ℃高温水中形成的氧化膜的半导体性质,获得3个主要响应：带隙宽度2.3 eV认为是Fe氧化物Fe₂O₃和/或Ni的氢氧化物Ni(OH)₂的特征带隙宽度;2.9和3.5 eV认为是Cr氧化物Cr₂O₃的特征带隙宽度;4.1~4.4 eV认为是Fe_xNi_1-xCr₂O₄的特征带隙宽度。通过光电流响应与施加偏压的实验可知,316LSS在此高温水中生成的氧化膜表现为n型半导体性质。     

Corrosion Resistance of PAPVD TiN Coating on AISI 304 Stainless Steel

In this work the corrosion resistance of PAPVD TiN hard coatings on AISI 304 stainless steel with a titanium interlayer has been addressed. Cyclic voltammetry corrosion tests in NaCl 3.5% solutions were performed for samples prepared by depositing TiN/Ti onto steel using different deposition parameters. The surface morphology of the samples was examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and phase analysis was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The cyclic voltammetry curves showed two distinct behaviours. Firstly, a reduction in corrosion resistance was observed when current density was increased for the whole potential range studied. The second observation, no less important, was the increase in corrosion resistance compared to the uncoated steel. The TiN films deposited showing (III) preferred orientation showed better corrosion resistance than films presenting other orientations.     

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 研究了大气环境下AISI430铁素体不锈钢在950~1 050 ℃的高温氧化行为,采用热分析仪进行了恒温氧化试验,利用扫描电镜和能谱仪观察分析了氧化表面形貌和组成。结果表明：950 ℃下氧化比较缓慢,氧化增重较小,氧化表面致密平整;1 000 ℃以上氧化迅速,氧化增重显著增大,表面有大量的氧化铁突起;致密氧化层由八面体的铬锰尖晶石颗粒和近球形的氧化铬颗粒组成。     

Formation of Nano/Ultrafine Grains in AISI 321 Stainless Steel Using Advanced Thermo-Mechanical Process

Production of nano/ultrafine grains through deformation-induced martensite formation and its reversion to austenite in an AISI 321 stainless steel was studied.The repetitive cold rolling and subsequent annealing were conducted to obtain nanocrystalline structure.Heavy cold rolling(90% reduction) at ?20 and-20 °C was carried out to induce the formation of a9-martensite from metastable austenitic material.The process was followed by annealing treatment at700–900 °C for 0.5–30 min.Effects of process parameters,i.e.,‘‘reduction percentage,' ‘‘rolling temperature,' ‘‘annealing temperature' and ‘‘annealing time',on the microstructural development were considered.Microstructural evolutions were conducted using feritscope,X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope.Hardness of the specimens was measured by Vickers method.Results revealed that the higher thickness reduction and lower rolling temperature provided more martensite volume fraction and further hardness.X-ray diffraction patterns and feritoscopic results indicated that saturated strain(es) was reduced from 2.3 to 0.9 when temperature declined from ?20 to-20 °C.The smallest grain size(about 70 nm) was achieved in the condition of cold rolling at-20 °C followed by annealing at 750 °C for 5 min.     

脉冲激光辐照对316L不锈钢重位点阵晶界的影响

目的提高316L不锈钢的重位点阵晶界比例,减少随机晶界的比例,改善材料的抗晶间腐蚀性能。方法选择合适的辐照温度,利用Nd:YAG激光器对SUS316L奥氏体不锈钢表面进行飞秒和纳秒激光辐照。通过电子背散射衍射技术分析辐照样品的晶界特征分布,研究不同激光辐照条件对试样晶界的影响。此外,在透射电镜下,观察脉冲激光辐照样品中的晶体缺陷和Σ3晶界。结果相比于未辐照试样,723 K下飞秒激光辐照使试样的Σ3晶界比例增加2.88%,R晶界比例减少4.24%;723 K下纳秒激光辐照使试样的Σ3晶界比例增加10.78%,R晶界比例减少9.97%;773 K下纳秒激光辐照使试样的Σ3晶界比例增加12.52%,R晶界比例减少10.68%。在透射电镜下观察到,773K下脉冲激光辐照试样中存在大量的堆垛层错四面体,但在孪晶形核的"台阶"内部没有发现该类缺陷。结论重位点阵晶界比例的变化主要与晶界迁移和孪晶形成有关,其中脉冲激光辐照产生的能量为试样趋肤层的晶界迁移提供有利的条件,而辐照引起的晶体缺陷会促进晶界迁移过程中孪晶的形核和生长。     

不锈钢焊接接头的激光熔凝试验

对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢焊接接头进行局部激光熔凝,观察激光熔凝后焊接接头组织的变化,并进行腐蚀试验。试验结果表明:在硫酸溶液中具有良好抗腐蚀性的不锈钢经焊接后,接头部位的抗腐蚀性较母材有所降低,但经激光熔凝后,抗腐蚀性可得到明显提高,这说明激光熔凝对改善不锈钢焊接接头的抗腐蚀性是有效的。     

The Study of Plasma Nitriding of AISI304 Stainless Steel

This paper presents results on the plasma nitriding of AISI 304 stainless steel at different temperatures in NH3gas. The working pressure was 100～200 Pa and the discharge voltage was 700～800V. The phase of nltrided layer formed on the surface was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The hardness of the samples was measured by using a Vickers microhardness tester with the load of 50g. After nitriding at about 400℃ for two hours a nitrided layer consisting of single γN phase with thickness of 51.tm was obtained. Microhardness measurements showed significant increase in the hardness from 240 HV (for untreated samples) up to 950 HV (for nltrided samples at temperature of 420℃). The phase composition, the thickness, the microstructure and the surface topography of the nltrided layer as well as its properties depend essentially on the process parameters.