用45Ca研究中药的钙拮抗作用及机理

用^45Ca跨膜测量技术研究了中药及治疗冠心病中药复方对大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞^45Ca通道的影响。结果表明：西红花，川红花，地奥心血康等对平滑肌细胞膜电压依赖^45Ca通过（PDC）和受体操纵^45Ca通道（ROC）有阻滞作用，其中以西红花作用最强；中药复方中全方与各功能药均不影响静流（Leak)，对ROC，PDC均有明显阻滞作用。藿香与佩兰均是以正己烷提取组分的钙拮抗作用最强；藿香的活性成分有5个，佩兰的活性成分有2个。     

用45Ca跨膜测量技术研究藿香、佩兰的钙拮 抗作用的活性成分

为了研究藿香、佩兰治疗冠心病的有效成分,依次用正己烷、氯仿、甲醇和水进行分离提取,并用     

用45Ca同位素示踪技术研究瓜蒌皮具钙拮抗作用的活性成分

瓜蒌皮用不同浓度乙醇回流提取，拮抗实验表明，70％乙醇提取物钙拮抗作用最强；将70％乙醇提取物用石油醚萃取，萃取物经硅胶层析后的各组分，用^45Ca跨膜测量方法研究其大白兔主动脉PDC钙通道Ca^2 内流的影响，以探明瓜蒌皮治疗密闭的有效成分。结果表明，组分1、4、5具有明显的拮抗使用，且组分5活性最好；组分3无钙拮抗作用反而有激动作用。     

以45Ca作示踪剂研究慈竹提取物的钙拮抗作用

用⁴⁵Ca同位素示踪技术研究慈竹不同提取物对大鼠心脏和动脉Ca²⁺内流和外溢的影响。结果表明，慈竹竹叶、竹枝和竹竿的碱提取物具有显著的钙拮抗作用，既能阻滞Ca²⁺内流，又能促进已流入细胞中的Ca²⁺外溢，且具有剂量效应关系。初步研究表明，慈竹提取物的钙拮抗作用与黄酮及多糖含量无显著的对应关系。     

腺苷酸环化酶活性测定在柴胡研究中的应用

组织腺苷酸环化酶活性测定在研究柴胡对腺苷酸环化酶作用有效组分的提取分离中的应用结果表明,柴胡的不同组分对组织腺苷酸环化酶有激活作用、抑制作用和激活/抑制双重作用。并通过受体拮抗剂预孵育后的酶活性实验探讨药物对腺苷酸环化酶影响的作用机制。     

液态锂锡合金中微量氢的提取

为了完成混合堆包层氚提取系统的工程设计,依据气体与液态金属接触的动力学数学模型,推导了锂锡合金中氚被载带的近似数学表达式,并以氢模拟氚,利用载带法对液态锂锡合金中的微量氢进行了提取。结果表明,载带法对液态锂锡合金中氢的提取有效,锂锡合金1 kg时He的最佳流速在4 L/min左右;在He流速相同的情况下,温度和载带次数对氢的提取效率影响显著,温度越高,载带次数越多,氢的提取效率越高,823 K下经过6次载带后氢的提取效率达到85%。     

湿法氧化提取水中碳的方法优化

水中碳的提取是液闪谱仪测量环境水中14C的重要预处理步骤。本研究采用过硫酸钠与Fenton试剂相结合的湿法氧化体系以及磷酸酸化、氮气鼓泡的方法,对体积10 L已知碳组分（去离子水+蔗糖）和未知碳组分的两种水样进行湿法氧化碳提取的实验,同时对未知碳组分水样进行湿法氧化与185 nm紫外氧化相结合的碳提取实验。通过实验确定试剂最佳投放时间与顺序,优化试剂投放量及配比。在优化条件下,90℃水温反应3 h后,已知碳组分（去离子水+蔗糖）的有机碳提取率高于96%;未知碳组分的水中总碳提取率为（96.8±0.3）%,其中无机碳的提取率>98.5%、有机碳提取率为（93.4±0.2）%,其中单宁酸类有机物氧化率仅有（88±0.2）%。湿法氧化+185 nm紫外氧化联用后,未知碳组分的总碳提取率提升至（98.3±0.5）%,其中无机碳提取率≥99%、有机碳提取率达到（95.6±1.4）%。由此表明,湿法氧化法不能用典型有机物的碳回收率来代表实际水样中的碳回收率,湿法氧化与185 nm紫外氧化联用是水中碳提取的更好方法。     

Sm-EDTMP稳定常数的测定及其在血浆模型中的平衡组分

为了解153 Sm EDTMP 在血液中的平衡组分,采用电位滴定法测定了 EDTMP 的质子化常数和 Sm EDTMP的稳定常数。EDTMP的质子化常数为:lgβ2 =22.69±0.02,lgβ3 =30.54±0.03,lgβ4 =36.93±0.02,lgβ5=42.15±0.01,lgβ6 =45.02±0.03,lgβ7 =46.14±0.02;Sm EDTMP的稳定常数为: lg KSmL=22.62±0.02,lg KSmLH=29.93±0.02,lg KSmLH2 =36.18±0.03。在生理pH条件下,EDTMP主要以LH3 形式存在, Sm EDTMP 主要以 SmLH 形式存在。血浆模型中,在生理 pH 条件下, Sm 主要以带负电荷的SmLH和SmL形式存在,Sm EDTMP通过人体肾脏排泄;在低 pH(pH<6)条件下,以 Sm 柠檬酸组分存在,表明153Sm EDTMP在人体中肝摄取很低。同时,平衡组分中游离 Sm3+ 含量很低,说明 Sm EDTMP有很高的血浆稳定性,不用加入过量配体来防止标记物解离。EDTMP在血浆模型中主要以 LH3 形式存在,没有出现EDTMP的钙配合物组分,说明配体EDTMP不会使患者血钙明显降低。     

砂岩型铀矿床成矿过程中腐殖酸作用机理探索

以吐哈盆地SHT砂岩型铀矿床为研究对象,探讨了腐殖酸及其组分在铀成矿过程中的作用机理。在铀矿石中铀与有机质主要以腐殖酸吸附或腐殖酸盐形式存在。铀矿石中腐殖酸及其组分的分离实验数据进一步证实了腐殖酸,特别是其组分富啡酸与后生砂岩铀成矿富集作用的密切联系。报道了有机质在砂岩型铀矿床成矿过程中作用机理的新认识,即在氧化带有机质被氧化破坏,形成可溶性的铀腐殖酸络合物淋滤进入地下水,在地球化学过渡带以腐殖酸盐的形式沉淀下来,并造成过渡带矿石中有机碳含量的增高。     

富集中间组分同位素的级联—— “T”级联

除了常规矩形级联和阶梯级联等模型外,还有一些其他的级联模型,使用这些特殊级联可以达到特殊分离目的。本文提出一种用于中间组分同位素分离的特殊级联“T”级联。该级联模型可以通过一点供料三点取料的模式,直接提取中间组分同位素。以氙同位素为例,进行理论计算,“T”级联可以一遍分离直接获取丰度90%以上的¹³¹Xe同位素,略高于双级联分离能力。结果表明,“T”级联适合进行中间组分同位素的一遍提取分离。     

Calcium antagonistic effects of Bambusa Rigida investigated by 45Ca and its protection on myocardial ischemia of rats

An investigation was conducted using 45Ca as a radioactive tracer to evaluate calcium antagonistic effects of several extracts from Bambusa Rigida in living rats. The relationship between the flavonoid and saccharide contents of Bambusa Rigida and calcium antagonistic effects were also analyzed. The protective effects of the alkali extracts ofBambusa Rigida on myocardial ischemia were investigated in living rats. The results indicated that the alkali extracts of Bambusa Rigida had a prominent influence on Ca2+ influx and efflux in the isolated rat aorta and heart, as they could obviously block 45Ca entering into cells and stimulate efflux of intracellular Ca2+. Moreover, the alkali extracts of Bambusa Rigida had favorable protective effects on myocardial ischemia induced either by isoproterenol injection (ISO) or by the ligation of coronary artery. These results implied that the Bambusa Rigida had attractive potential for the treatment of heart, cerebrovascular and other diseases. However, the conclusion that whether the flavonoid or saccharide in Bambusa Rigida affected the calcium antagonistic effects and Ca2+ channels or not was hard to make within the results of the investigation.     

Calcium antagonistic effects of Bambusa Rigida investigated by Ca and its protection on myocardial ischemia of rats

An investigation was conducted using 45Ca as a radioactive tracer to evaluate calcium antagonistic effects of several extracts from Bambusa Rigida in living rats. The relationship between the flavonoid and saccharide contents of Bambusa Rigida and calcium antagonistic effects were also analyzed. The protective effects of the alkali extracts ofBambusa Rigida on myocardial ischemia were investigated in living rats. The results indicated that the alkali extracts of Bambusa Rigida had a prominent influence on Ca2 influx and efflux in the isolated rat aorta and heart, as they could obviously block 45Ca entering into cells and stimulate efflux of intracellular Ca2 . Moreover, the alkali extracts of Bambusa Rigida had favorable protective effects on myocardial ischemia induced either by isoproterenol injection (ISO) or by the ligation of coronary artery. These results implied that the Bambusa Rigida had attractive potential for the treatment of heart, cerebrovascular and other diseases. However, the conclusion that whether the flavonoid or saccharide in Bambusa Rigida affected the calcium antagonistic effects and Ca2 channels or not was hard to make within the results of the investigation.     

粉煤灰基沸石固化体中Sr~(2+)、Cs~+的浸出行为

以电厂粉煤灰为原料水热制备粉煤灰基沸石,利用粉煤灰基沸石对模拟放射性废液中Sr~(2+)、Cs~+进行分离富集,在碱激发剂的作用下,以粉煤灰、粉煤灰基沸石制备地聚合物固化体,测试了所得固化体的抗压强度和抗浸出性能,并采用X射线衍射法(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)技术对浸出机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,不同沸石掺量对固化体的抗压强度和抗浸出性能有很大的影响,当沸石掺量(质量分数)为20%~30%时,其抗压性能达到国家标准,浸出率和累积浸出分数均远低于国家标准限值。同时,固化体对Sr~(2+)、Cs~+阻滞效果不同,其中对Sr~(2+)的固化效果更加优异,42d浸出率最低为1.87×10~(-6)cm/d,累积浸出分数为3.3×10~(-4)cm。实验得出,粉煤灰基沸石固化体对Sr~(2+)、Cs~+具有较优异的固化效果。     

Measurement of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by air cold plasma

In this study,a novel approach to measure the absolute cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) using the Ca2+ indicator fluo-3 AM was established.The parameters associated with the probe fluo-3 AM were optimized to accurately determine fluorescence intensity from the Ca2+-bound probe.Using three optimized parameters (final concentration of 6 mM probe,incubation time of 135 min,loading probe before plasma treatment),the maximum fluorescence intensity (Fmax =527.8 a.u.) and the minimum fluorescence intensity (Fmin =63.8 a.u.) were obtained in a saturated Ca2+ solution or a solution of lacking Ca2+.Correspondingly,the maximum [Ca2+]cyt induced by cold plasma was 1232.5 nM.Therefore,the Ca2+ indicator fluo-3 AM was successfully applied to measure the absolute [Ca2+]cyt in Saccharomyces cerevisiae stimulated by cold plasma at atmospheric air pressure.     

超大剂量6MeV电子束照射对大鼠脑Ca2+、Mg2+含量的影响

观察超大剂量6 MeV电子束照射对大鼠脑Ca2+、Mg2+含量的动态变化,探讨其在放射性脑损伤发病机制中的作用.对SD大鼠用6MeV电子线进行10Gy、20Gy和30Gy全脑单次照射,应用等离子直读光谱仪定量分析大鼠脑放射性损伤后不同时间、不同剂量脑组织中Ca2+、Mg2+含量的动态变化,用干-湿重法测定脑组织含水量.大鼠全脑受照射后,均存在脑组织中Ca2+含量升高、Mg2+含量下降和脑水肿的发生.其中20 Gy照射后24 h脑组织中Ca2+含量与对照组相比有显著升高(p＜0.05),Mg2+含量在照后7天与对照组相比有显著下降(p＜0.05).在照后7天,上述各指标变化的幅度为30Gy组＞20Gy组＞10Gy组.基于大鼠放射性脑损伤后脑组织中Ca2+、Mg2+含量发生的变化,探讨了电离辐射所致脑损伤的机理.     

低剂量X射线全身照射诱导脾淋巴细胞内[Ca2+]i及CD71表达的适应性反应

为了观察低剂量X射线全身照射诱导脾淋巴细胞内[Ca2+]i及CD71表达的适应性反应.采用Fura-2负载,双波长荧光测定法检测细胞内[Ca2+]i浓度.采用单克隆抗体免疫荧光标记,流式细胞术检测淋巴细胞CD71表达.发现0.075Gy低剂量预照射能明显减轻其后2.0Gy攻击剂量照射对细胞内[Ca2+]i及CD71的抑制作用.低剂量辐射能诱导脾淋巴细胞[Ca2+]i及CD71表达的适应性反应.此变化可能是低剂量辐射诱导T淋巴细胞免疫适应性反应的重要机制之一.     

The peculiarities of formation of the metal nanoparticles in irradiated polymer metal complexes

The radiation-induced reduction of metal ions in the films of triple metal polymer complexes of polyacrylic acid-polyethyleneimine-copper(II) or nickel(II) (PAA-PEI-Cu²⁺ or PAA-PEI-Ni²⁺) was studied by EPR and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was shown that irradiation of the swollen polymer films in the water-alcohol environment resulted in effective reduction of the metal ions. The exchange between the swollen film and outer environment was found to be an important factor for ion reduction and stabilization of metal particles. EPR data have revealed pronounced effect of the ligand environment on the reduction efficiency. The electron microscopy studies have demonstrated that the dimensions of main fraction of metal particles obtained by the radiation-chemical reduction are in the range of 2-2.5 nm both for Cu and for Ni complexes.     

正己烷与正十二烷在硝酸体系中的化学行为

通过红外光谱、气相色谱-质谱联用和核磁共振碳谱等分析方法确定了正己烷和正十二烷直链烷烃在硝酸体系中的反应产物,用气相色谱法定量分析了温度、硝酸浓度和反应时间等因素对正己烷和正十二烷硝化产物的影响,利用定制的高压反应釜考察了正己烷、正十二烷在硝酸体系及温度为150℃情况下的压力变化情况。研究结果表明:高温下正己烷和正十二烷在硝酸体系中的反应产物分别为硝基己烷异构体混合物(2-硝基己烷和3-硝基己烷)和硝基十二烷异构体混合物(2-硝基十二烷、3-硝基十二烷、4-硝基十二烷、5-硝基十二烷和6-硝基十二烷),且温度及硝酸浓度对硝化产物影响较大,而反应时间则影响较小。温度为150℃时,正己烷在硝酸体系中产生的最大压力为3.44 MPa,远大于正十二烷体系下的1.58 MPa,且随着硝酸比例的增加反应体系产生的压力及反应程度均有所增加。